The following stories were collected from CPWF project and theme leaders in two rounds. The first round of stories were collected in January 2007 based on the following two questions: What has been the most significant technical development or advance made by your 1) CPWF project / theme / basin since the start? What has been the most significant partnership change (significant in terms of making 2) scientific progress and/or developmental impact more likely) that has taken place since the start of your CPWF project (or theme or basin)? In June 2009 we repeated the process asking the same basic question, without specifying between technical and partnership changes. We asked for photographs and references to documents that substantiate the stories. We collected 54 stories in Round 1, and 15 in Round 2. A selection of 44 stories are presented here. Those we left out we did so if the stories they told were not clear, if they did not follow the format, or if we did not receive answers to clarifying questions. T he stories are organized by the CPWF’s five themes and according to First Call projects, Basin Focal Projects and Small Grants projects. They show the broad range of outcomes and impacts that the CPWF is beginning to have. The stories are not a comprehensive audit of CPWF impact, but rather what people felt motivated to write about. The stories provide gateways to evidence of change, and are not to be interpreted as definitive but as iterative. Indeed, some projects presented change stories in both rounds. CPWF Theme Leaders selected the first round story or stories they thought most significant and gave their reasons. The selection decisions and criteria are given as feedback to the projects as a way for the CPWF to focus innovation towards explicitly valued directions and away from less valued ones. One story was selected as the most significant from the second round stories. T he Most Significant Change (MSC) method was used to collect and analyze the stories1. MSC is part of a repertoire of iterative learning-based approaches that are employed by the CPWF and its projects in response to emergent change. The authors of the stories are principally the program’s Theme Leaders, Project Leaders and Principle Investigators. In writing the stories they were able to give their interpretation of the emerging issues and changes that most mattered to the leadership in these projects.

A rapid planar chromatographic method for identification and quantification of 25 water-soluble dyes in food was developed. In a horizontal developing chamber, the chromatographic separation on silica gel 60F(254) high-performance thin-layer chromatography plates took 12 min for 40 runs in parallel, using 8 mL ethyl acetate-methanol-water-acetic acid (65 + 23 + 11 + 1, v/v/v/v) mobile phase up to a migration distance of 50 mm. However, the total analysis time, inclusive of application and evaluation, took 60 min for 40 runs. Thus, the overall time/run can be calculated as 1.5 min with a solvent consumption of 200 μL. A sample throughput of 1000 runs/8 h day can be reached by switching between the working stations (application, development, and evaluation) in a 20 min interval, which triples the analysis throughput. Densitometry was performed by absorption measurement using the multiwavelength scan mode in the UV and visible ranges. Repeatabilities [relative standard deviation (RSD), 4 determinations] at the first or second calibration level showed precisions of mostly <or=2.7%, ranging between 0.2 and 5.2%. Correlation coefficient values (R >= 0.9987) and RSD values (<or=4.2%) of the calibration curves were highly satisfactory using classical quantification. However, digital evaluation of the plate image was also used for quantification, which resulted in RSD values of the calibration curves of mostly <or=3.0%, except for two <or=6.0%. The method was applied for the analysis of some energy drinks and bakery ink formulations, directly applied after dilution. By recording of absorbance spectra in the visible range, the identities of the dyes found in the samples were ascertained by comparison with the respective standard bands (correlation coefficients >or= 0.9996). If necessary for confirmation, online mass spectra were recorded within a minute.

Water scarcity is considered to be one of the largest threats for many parts of Africa. Under water scarce conditions reducing the consumption of water and preventing pollution of accessible water resources is essential. Combating water scarcity in both dimensions of quality and quantity is of special relevance for the LNV priority regions (including those in Water Mondiaal). Future LNV policies to address food security in Africa will affect the use, spread and fate of agrochemicals as well. Very little information is available on how this might effect the ecosystem approach (including biodiversity, increased resilience, and multiple-use potential) in land use planning

Transboundary water conflicts are awfully crucial in their nature as they not only endanger the food and water security of the riparian communities but also jeopardize the security and existence of the conflicting nations. Any inappropriate action done by upper riparians directly affects the existence of lower riparians. Therefore they need special care to be dealt with. There are 261 international rivers, covering almost one-half of the total land surface which are shared between two or more nations. The management of international waters has been poorly defined in the international arena. In 1947, after the independence of subcontinent, the Indus Basin was divided into two parts between India and Pakistan. Soon after independence India started to halt the river supplies to Pakistan and closed all supplies to the canals which were crossing the India-Pakistan border. India agreed to restore some of the supplies to Pakistan in May 1948, when quite a pro-Indian temporary agreement was signed. It was, however, generally realized that Pakistan could not live without restoration of the full supplies and on this question there could be no compromise. Direct negotiations between the parties failed to resolve the dispute. Negotiations under the World Bank commenced in May 1952. The World Bank planned to divide Indus Basin Rivers into two parts the eastern rivers, under completely Indian control and the western rivers for unrestricted use by Pakistan. Pakistan was not fully convinced and refused to sign until 1958 but ultimately the Treaty was formalized in 1960 after some necessary modifications. Pakistan, on one hand, was deprived a substantial amount of its waters in the Indus Waters Treaty, but on the other, it also got the right of unrestricted use of western rivers. Pakistan also received some assistance (grants and loans) from the World Bank for construction of replacement works for some water storage and diversions. It is evident that the closure or diversion of river flows in the upstream reaches not only affect the downstream river ecology but also puts the downstream irrigated agriculture at stake. This paper highlights the effects of the IWT on water availability and irrigated agriculture in Pakistan. Study finds that though there are some deprivations of surface waters availability to the Pakistan under the IWT but at the same time there are also some improvements in canal water diversions, which are mainly due to the construction of water storage reservoirs. An increase in the cropped area and crop production also has been observed which owes to many other social, economical and technical factors but all this was not possible without reliable irrigation water supplies.

PR | IFPRI3 | EPTD

Ringler Claudia et al., 'Water supply and food security Alternative scenarios for the Indian Indo-Gangetic River Basin', The International Journal of River Basin Management 7, IFPRI, 2009 | Journal article