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[Field estimation of bicarbonates content in irrigation water] | Determinación en campo del contenido de bicarbonatos del agua de riego
2007
Moreno Iniesta, T.
Evaluation of bank filtration as a pretreatment method for the provision of hygienically safe drinking water in Norway: results from monitoring at two full-scale sites | Evaluation de la filtration par les berges en tant que méthode de prétraitement pour la fourniture d’une eau potable hygiéniquement sure en Norvège: résultats du suivi de deux sites à grande échelle Evaluación de la filtración de banco como un método de pretratamiento para el suministro de agua potable higiénicamente segura en Noruega: resultados del monitoreo a gran escala en dos sitios 河岸入渗作为挪威安全饮用水规定的预处理方法评价:两个全尺度场地的监测结果 Avaliação de filtração por bancadas como um método pré-tratamento para fornecimento de água potável higienicamente segura na Noruega: resultados do monitoramento em dois locais em escala total Полный текст
2017
Kvitsand, Hanne M. L. | Myrmel, Mette | Fiksdal, Liv | Østerhus, Stein W.
Two case studies were carried out in central Norway in order to assess the performance of bank filtration systems in cold-climate fluvial aquifers relying on recharge from humic-rich surface waters with moderate microbial contamination. Three municipal wells and two surface-water sources at operative bank filtration systems were monitored for naturally occurring bacteriophages, fecal indicators, natural organic matter (NOM) and physico-chemical water quality parameters during a 4-month period. Aquifer passage effectively reduced the microorganism and NOM concentrations at both study sites. Bacteriophages were detected in 13 of 16 (81%) surface-water samples and in 4 of 24 (17%) well-water samples, and underwent 3 ± 0.3 log₁₀ reduction after 50–80-m filtration and 20–30 days of subsurface passage. NOM reductions (color: 74–97%; dissolved organic carbon: 54–80%; very hydrophobic acids: 70%) were similar to those achieved by conventional water-treatment processes and no further treatment was needed. Both groundwater dilution and sediment filtration contributed to the hygienic water quality improvements, but sediment filtration appeared to be the most important process with regard to microbial and NOM reductions. A strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats analysis showed that bank filtration technology has a high potential as a pretreatment method for the provision of hygienically safe drinking water in Norway.
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