7 páginas, 2 figuras, 1 tabla | [EN]Introduction: Obesity is well known to be related to the percentage of Total Body Water (TBW) and inflammation, but the relationship between TBW and inflammation remains still unconfirmed. Aim: To evaluate whether TBW is associated with inflammatory markers in obese children and adolescents. Material and methods: Thirty four obese children (7.0-10.9 yrs) and 49 obese adolescents (11.0-15.0 yrs) were recruited. Body mass index (BMI Z-score) and several serum biomarkers such as lipid profile, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), sE-selectin, sL-selectin, soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (s-ICAM-1) and soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (s-VCAM-1) were determined. TBW was obtained by Bioelectrical measurements. Bilateral partial correlation test was used to analyze associations controlled by sex, age, and/or BMI Z-score. Results: A negative correlation was found between TBW and BMI Z-score in both children and adolescents (r -0.581,p < 0.001; r -0.368, p < 0.011, respectively) that remained in both sex, separately (r -0.540, p < 0.001; r -0.505, p < 0.001). In addition, TBW was also negatively correlated with CRP (r -0.438, p < 0.001) in both groups (r -0.560, p = 0.002; r -0.436, p = 0.007, respectively). When analyzed by sex, TBW was associated with CRP only in boys (r -0.588, p = 0.027; r -0.652, p = 0.005). TBW was negatively correlated with sE-selectin (r -0.236, p = 0.039) only in adolescents (r -0.320, p = 0.032). When analyzed by sex, TBW was associated with sE-selectin only in girls (r -0.432, p = 0.035). Conclusions: TBW may be considered as a marker not only of the hydration status, but also of the metabolic disorder in a low-grade inflammatory process such as obesity in children and adolescents. | [ES]:: Se conoce la relación de la obesidad con el porcentaje de agua corporal total (ACT) y con la inflamación,pero no se ha demostrado aún la posible asociación entre ACT y la inflamación. Objetivo: Evaluar si la ACT (como marcador de estado de hidratación) se asocia con marcadores de inflamación en niños y adolescentes obesos. | Peer reviewed

A medida do gasto energético total é fundamental em estudos de nutrição e metabolismo. A água duplamente marcada é uma forma de calorimetria indireta que mede precisa e acuradamente o gasto energético total de indivíduos fora de confinamento. Esse método já foi aplicado com diversas finalidades, como medir a demanda energética decorrente de doenças crônicas e da atividade física. Além disso, também foi usada em estudos sobre as conseqüências da desnutrição e a etiologia da obesidade, especialmente demonstrando as diferenças inter-raciais quanto ao gasto energético total. Tal técnica também pode ser utilizada para validar outros métodos de avaliação da prática de atividade física e/ou do gasto energético total. Embora diversos estudos de validação tenham sido conduzidos, nenhum método demonstrou bom desempenho nas estimativas individuais. Finalmente, a água duplamente marcada tem sido amplamente empregada em países desenvolvidos como marcador do consumo energético, validando as estimativas obtidas pelos métodos de avaliação do consumo alimentar. Esse uso também deve ser encorajado em países em desenvolvimento, para que se possa considerar o erro das estimativas de ingestão energética dos métodos de avaliação do consumo alimentar, utilizados nas pesquisas de nutrição humana dessas nações. | The measurement of total energy expenditure is fundamental in nutritional and metabolic studies. Doubly labeled water is a form of indirect calorimetry, which measures precisely and accurately total energy expenditure in free-living individuals. This method has been applied for several ends, such as to measure energy expenditure during chronic illness and physical activity. It has also been used in studies concerning the consequences of malnutrition and the etiology of obesity, demonstrating the inter-racial differences in total energy expenditure in particular. The technique can also be used to validate other methods of physical activity assessment and total energy expenditure estimates. Although many validation studies have been conducted, none demonstrated good individual performance. Finally, the doubly labeled water has been widely applied in developed countries as a marker of energy intake, validating the energy intake estimates derived from dietary assessment methods. This application should also be encouraged in developing countries, in order to establish the error associated with energy intake estimates obtained by the dietary assessment methods used in the human nutrition studies of these nations.

Abstract People in Mexico speak of the medicinal properties of Moringa oleifera (“moringa”), but they know less about its nutritive properties. A qualitative, participatory approach was utilized to explore the use of moringa as a vegetable in Agua Caliente Nueva, Jalisco, by enrolling 14 female participants (mothers over 18) who were nutritional gatekeepers of the family and were responsible for preparing family meals using moringa leaves. Participants prepared meals with moringa and participated in semi‐structured interviews to record their perceptions of foods, shopping habits, and knowledge and experience using moringa. The study objectives were to assess the regional acceptability and feasibility of introducing a readily available and nutritious plant into diets, and to examine whether moringa could potentially serve as part of a solution to the double burden of malnutrition in Mexico. Findings suggest that given its ability to thrive in this dry tropical region, moringa has the potential to be recognized as a viable component in the traditional diet in this small “ejido” communal farming community.

Artículo de publicación ISI | Introduction: aging and obesity cause changes in water exchange rate, which could affect the equilibrium time of deuterium oxide (21120). Objective: to assess the effect of overweight and obesity on the equilibrium time of the stable isotope deuterium in saliva samples of older adults. Methods: a sample of 18 women over 63 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 20.8 to 40.5 kg/m(2) were included. A basal saliva sample was took and immediately a dose of 30 g of (H2O)-H-2 was administered orally. Saliva samples at 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 hours post-dose were taken. Deuterium in saliva samples were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy technique. Results: the average in equilibrium time (plateau) in women of normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) was 3.6 +/- 0.2 hours, which was statistically different to those obtained in the group with overweight (25-29.9 kg/m(2)) and obese (>30 kg/m(2)) of 2.9 +/- 0.4 hours and 2.8 +/- 0.4 hours, respectively (p<0.05). The values of total body water and fat free mass calculated with the values of isotopic enrichment at 3.6 (plateau reached in the group with normal BMI) did not differ statistically from the values calculated to plateau at 2.9 and 2.8 hours in the overweight and obesity group, respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: obesity had an effect on the equilibrium times; however, did not affect the calculation of total body water and body composition in this older women adult group. | Introducción: el envejecimiento y la obesidad producen cambios en la tasa de recambio de agua, lo que podría afectar al tiempo de equilibrio del óxido de deuterio (2 H2 O). Objetivo: se evaluó el efecto del sobrepeso y la obesidad sobre el tiempo de equilibrio del isótopo estable de deuterio en muestras de saliva de adultos mayores. Métodos: se incluyeron 18 mujeres entre 63 y 80 años con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 20,8 a 40,5 kg/m2 . Después de la toma de una muestra de saliva basal se administró una dosis vía oral de 30 g de 2 H2 O. Se tomaron muestras de saliva a las 2, 2,5, 3, 3,5 y 4 horas post-dosis, las cuales fueron analizadas mediante espectrometría infrarroja con transformada de Fourier. Resultados: el tiempo de equilibrio (plateau) promedio en las mujeres con un IMC normal (18,5-24,9 kg/m2 ) fue de 3,6 ± 0,2 horas, el cual fue diferente estadísticamente al obtenido en el grupo con sobrepeso (25-29,9 kg/m2 ) y obesidad (>30 kg/m2 ) de 2,9 ± 0,4 horas y 2,8 ± 0,4 horas, respectivamente (p<0,05). Los valores de agua corporal total y la masa corporal libre de grasa calculados con los valores de enriquecimiento isotópico a las 3,6 (plateau alcanzado en el grupo con IMC normal) no fueron diferentes estadísticamente a los valores calculados al plateau a las 2,9 y 2,8 horas en el grupo con sobrepeso y obesidad, respectivamente (p>0,05). Conclusión: se encontró un efecto de la obesidad sobre el tiempo de equilibrio; sin embargo, no afectó al cálculo del agua corporal total y a la composición corporal en este grupo etario.