In Argentina a large part of the ornamental plant production is produced in containers, therefore, an important supply is the plant substrate. There is a variety of materials that could be used as a substrate, but its characterization and critical analysis of properties is a previous requirement. Among these, aeration capacity (AC) and water holding capacity (CRA) are outstanding; whose appropriate ranges depend on factors, such as the height of the container. Therefore, in this work we evaluated the appropriate range of substrate AC and CRA for the development of two varieties of Viola and Petunia in container Nº10, with drip irrigation, at two times of the year. Seven substrates made with Sphagnum peat and fine and medium pine bark compost were evaluated. pH, electrical conductivity, granulometry, density, EPT, CRA and CA were analyzed. Two trials with Viola and two with Petunia in containers Nº10 (377 cm³ and 7.5 cm in height) were made. At the end of each trial, the aerial and radical dry mass was measured per plant. Substrate pH was corrected, reaching values between 5.31 and 5.77. It was possible to obtain substrates with a differing AC/CRA relation (P<0.0001) for its later evaluation with plants but substrates with an even lower CA to complete the study were not obtained. The greater development of plants, based on the dry mass, was obtained in the substrate with AC /CRA ratio: 0.511, followed by substrates with 0.589 and 0.792 ratios, regardless of the time of the year. In conclusion, it is proposed that an appropriate substrate should have a CRA of minimum of 50% and an AC of maximum of 50%, provided that the EPT is greater than 85%. | En la Argentina gran parte de la producción de plantas ornamentales son producidas en contenedores, por lo tanto, un insumo importante es el sustrato para plantas. Hay una diversidad de materiales que podrían emplearse como sustrato, pero una de las condiciones previas es la caracterización y el estudio crítico de sus propiedades. Entre estas, se destacan la capacidad de aireación (CA) y capacidad de retención de agua (CRA); cuyos rangos adecuados dependen de factores, como la altura del contenedor. Por lo cual, en este trabajo se evaluó el rango de CA y CRA apropiado del sustrato para el desarrollo de dos variedades de Viola y Petunia en contenedor Nº 10, con riego por goteo, en dos épocas del año. Se evaluaron siete sustratos elaborados con turba de Sphagnum y compost de corteza de pino fina y media. Se analizó el pH, la conductividad eléctrica, granulometría, densidad, EPT, CRA y CA. Se efectuaron dos ensayos con pensamiento y dos con petunia en contenedor Nº 10 (377 cm³ y 7,5 cm de altura). Al finalizar cada ensayo, se midió a cada planta la masa seca aérea y radical. El pH de cada sustrato fue corregido logrando valores entre 5,31 a 5,77. Se logró obtener sustratos con diferente relación CA/CRA (P<0,0001) para su posterior evaluación con plantas pero faltaron sustratos con CA aún menores para completar el estudio. El mayor desarrollo de plantas, basado en la masa seca, se obtuvo en el sustrato con relación CA/CRA: 0,511, seguidos por los sustratos con relación: 0,589 y 0,792, independientemente de la época del año. En conclusión, para el estudio de caso evaluado, se propone que el sustrato apropiado tendría que tener una CRA con un mínimo de 50% y una CA con un máximo de 50%, siempre y cuando el EPT sea superior a 85%.

In Argentina a large part of the ornamental plant production is produced in containers, therefore, an important supply is the plant substrate. There is a variety of materials that could be used as a substrate, but its characterization and critical analysis of properties is a previous requirement. Among these, aeration capacity (AC) and water holding capacity (CRA) are outstanding; whose appropriate ranges depend on factors, such as the height of the container. Therefore, in this work we evaluated the appropriate range of substrate AC and CRA for the development of two varieties of Viola and Petunia in container Nº10, with drip irrigation, at two times of the year. Seven substrates made with Sphagnum peat and fine and medium pine bark compost were evaluated. pH, electrical conductivity, granulometry, density, EPT, CRA and CA were analyzed. Two trials with Viola and two with Petunia in containers Nº10 (377 cm³ and 7.5 cm in height) were made. At the end of each trial, the aerial and radical dry mass was measured per plant. Substrate pH was corrected, reaching values between 5.31 and 5.77. It was possible to obtain substrates with a differing AC/CRA relation (P<0.0001) for its later evaluation with plants but substrates with an even lower CA to complete the study were not obtained. The greater development of plants, based on the dry mass, was obtained in the substrate with AC /CRA ratio: 0.511, followed by substrates with 0.589 and 0.792 ratios, regardless of the time of the year. In conclusion, it is proposed that an appropriate substrate should have a CRA of minimum of 50% and an AC of maximum of 50%, provided that the EPT is greater than 85%.