The article presents a methodological proposal for assessing water sustainability in river basins using the Water Sustainability Index (WSI) and its application in the river basins of Chili, Caplina, Chancay-Lambayeque, and Urubamba, as well as at the national level in Peru, for the period 2012-2021. The WSI consists of three sub-indices based on the components of sustainable development: economic (SiE), social (SiS), and environmental (SiA). The WSI rating scale ranges from 0 (lowest) to 100 (highest). Intrinsic and extrinsic indicators, both economic, social, and environmental, were selected. The results show that, both at the basin level and nationally, the social component performs best. However, significant challenges remain in the environmental component (Caplina and Chili river basins) and the economic component (Chancay-Lambayeque, Chili, Urubamba river basins, and national level). Additionally, the risk of water unsustainability is linked to both physical factors (water scarcity in the Caplina basin) and management issues (in the Chancay-Lambayeque basin). | El artículo presenta una propuesta metodológica para la evaluación de la sostenibilidad del agua en cuencas hidrográficas mediante el Índice de Sostenibilidad del Agua (ISA) y su aplicación en las cuencas hidrográficas de los ríos Chili, Caplina, Chancay-Lambayeque, Urubamba, y en el ámbito nacional del Perú, en el periodo 2012-2021. El ISA está conformado por tres subíndices basados en los componentes del desarrollo sostenible: económico (SiE), social (SiS) y ambiental (SiA). La escala de valoración del ISA va de 0 (más bajo) a 100 (más alto). Se han seleccionado indicadores intrínsecos y extrínsecos, económicos, sociales y ambientales. Los resultados demuestran, en el ámbito de las cuencas analizadas, así como en el ámbito nacional, un mejor desempeño en el componente social; asimismo, existen importantes retos en el componente ambiental (cuencas de los ríos Caplina y Chili) e importantes retos en el componente económico (cuencas de los ríos Chancay-Lambayeque, Chili, Urubamba, y ámbito nacional). Por otro lado, el riesgo de insostenibilidad del agua está relacionado tanto a los aspectos físicos (escasez de agua en la cuenca Caplina) como a los aspectos de gestión (en la cuenca Chancay-Lambayeque).

The global commitment to bring universal access to safely managed water supply and sanitation by 2030 set by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) poses an unprecedented challenge. Strong political leadership will be required to bring about sector-wide changes in governance and building technical and administrative capacity at scale. This will pave the way for building, operating, and maintaining cost-effective infrastructure to supply improved and sustained services. The current model of sector finance is insufficient for reaching thee goals. Four interlinked priority actions should be taken to tackle this challenge: (1) make more efficient use of existing resources; (2) use public funds in a more targeted manner; (3) attract domestic commercial finance; and (4) focus on de-risking the sector. Through these steps, countries will be able to leverage each dollar of public funds to crowd in commercial finance, which will have significant and long-term benefits for the sector. Countries should aim to slowly and incrementally introduce commercial finance to the sector, and can ease the transition through a range of available tools.

Los recursos hídricos se reconocen como absolutamente relevantes debido a que satisfacen necesidades básicas del ser humano, pero adicionalmente proveen de diferentes servicios que mantienen la vida en los ecosistemas, su aprovechamiento aunque históricamente ha sido necesario para la supervivencia de la población ha generado un desgaste que debe ser tratado de manera temprana, debido a que una falla en la proveniencia del servicio puede implicar conflictos no solo ambientales, sino también sociales y consecuentemente gubernamentales. Dicho lo anterior, la totalidad de fuentes hídricas representan un elemento supremamente relevante de análisis, para el caso se ha tomado como objeto de investigación el río Túa, el cual se encuentra ubicado en el municipio de Monterrey, Casanare donde sectores productivos están realizando aprovechamiento de este recurso. Es así que, en el presente documento se realizó una identificación de los impactos ambientales que se están presentando sobre el río Túa, encontrando problemáticas a nivel agropecuario y agrícola, aprovechamiento del recurso para consumo doméstico, vertimientos, y finalmente la afectación de los servicios ecosistémicos. Con el objetivo plasmado, relacionado con la formulación de medidas de conservación, desde una perspectiva de gestión integral del recurso hídrico, para promover un aprovechamiento sostenible entre las actividades de aprovechamiento del agua y la conservación del Río Túa en Monterrey, Casanare, se realizó una revisión documental para identificar los programas o proyectos de conservación implementados sobre este afluente por las entidades administrativas municipales, departamentales y privadas. Se llevó a cabo una serie de entrevistas con los actores directamente involucrados, donde se determinó sus conocimientos sobre las problemáticas ambientales y actividades de conservación aplicados en el río, los resultados fueron analizados por medio de una matriz de interrelación de variables cruzadas con las metas de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. Finalmente, como propuesta para el caso de estudio se planteó un grupo de medidas de conservación, teniendo en cuenta los hallazgos identificados durante el desarrollo metodológico y los resultados de la matriz de interrelaciones. Por lo tanto, el nivel de impacto de las medidas de conservación propuestas, en relación con las metas de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible es alto, aportando un gran valor desde el punto de vista de gestión del recurso hídrico, generando equilibrio entre visión sistémico ambiental y desarrollo económico. | Water resources are recognized as absolutely relevant because they satisfy basic human needs, but additionally, they provide different services that maintain life in ecosystems, their use, although historically it has been necessary for the survival of the population, has generated wear and tear that It must be dealt with early, because a failure in the origin of the service can imply conflicts not only environmental but also social and consequently governmental. That said, the totality of water sources represents a supremely relevant element of analysis, for the case the Túa river has been taken as an object of investigation, which is located in the municipality of Monterrey, Casanare where the productive sectors are taking advantage of of this resource. Thus, in this document identification of the environmental impacts that are occurring on the Túa River was carried out, finding problems at the agricultural and agricultural level, use of the resource for domestic consumption, discharges, and finally the affectation of ecosystem services. With the stated objective, related to the formulation of conservation measures, from a perspective of integral management of the water resource to promote a sustainable use between the activities of water use and the conservation of the Rio Túa in Monterey, Casanare carried out a documentary review to identify conservation programs or projects implemented on this tributary by municipal, departmental and private administrative entities. A series of interviews were carried out with the actors directly involved. Their knowledge of environmental problems and conservation activities applied in the river was determined. The results were analyzed utilizing an interrelation matrix of crossed variables with the goals of sustainable development goals. Finally, as a proposal for the case study, a group of conservation measures was proposed, considering the findings identified during the methodological development and the results of the interrelationship matrix. Therefore, the level of impact of the proposed conservation measures in relation to the goals of the sustainable development objectives is high, providing great value from the point of view of water resource management, generating a balance between systemic environmental vision and economic development. | Magíster en Gestión Ambiental | Maestría

The sustainable development goal for water and sanitation to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all is a lofty goal. Worldwide, 2.4 billion people remain without access to improved sanitation and nearly 0.7 billion remain without access to improved drinking water sources. Those who have access to water supply and sanitation (WSS) services often must cope with intermittent water supply, sewerage system overflows, and poor customer service. Poor service frequently stems from a vicious cycle of dysfunctional political environments and inefficient practices. Global forces - including climate change, water scarcity, population growth, and rapid urbanization - exacerbate these challenges in providing high-quality, sustainable WSS service delivery. Therefore, WSS utilities require a new approach to planning and sequencing reforms to provide WSS services in a sustainable manner. The utility of the future (UoF) program provides this new approach and was designed in a way that builds on the extensive body of knowledge on utility performance improvement. Chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two defines the UoF concept, the determinants of success, and the analytical basis of the program. Chapter three presents the methodology developed specifically to conduct the diagnostic assessment and determine the utility’s desired maturity level. Chapter four presents a 15-step approach to translating the results of the diagnostic assessment into a prioritized and sequenced action plan.