摘　　要：采用试验与生产调查相结合的方法，分析倒伏玉米植株性状表现及对产量的影响，研究种植密度、品种选择和氮钾肥对玉米抗倒伏的影响。结果表明，不同品种问抗倒伏能力存在显著差异，株高和穗位高不能作为评价品种抗倒伏能力强弱的主要指标，茎秆基部节间粗和长粗比值小的品种具有较强的抗茎折能力；随着密度的提高，植株的抗倒伏能力下降；氮钾肥配施能有效提高茎秆的抗倒伏能力。玉米吐丝1周后倒伏品种的穗粒数、千粒重、穗粒重分别降低19．4％～30．2％、29．6％～31．8％、45．0％～50．8％。 | The apparent characters of lodging maize plant, the effects of planting density, variety selection, and nitrogen-potassium combined application on stem-lodging resistance and grain yield were analyzed. The results showed that there was significant difference among different maize hybrids. Plant height and ear height should not be regarded as the major indexes to evaluate the lodging resistance of maize, and the stalk breaking resistance of the hy- brid was strong which was characterized as a thick basal stem and a small value of internodes length/diameter. The lodging resistance of summer maize decreased with the planting density increasing. The nitrogen-potassium combining application could improve the lodging resistance effectively. The lodging grain number per spike, 1 000-grain weight and grain weight per spike after silking in one weeks time could decrease 19.4% - 30.2% ,29.6% - 31.8% and 45.0% - 50.8%, respectively.

摘　　要：植物叶片的衰老是植物在长期进化过程中形成的适应机制,与收获器官的形成及营养转运密切相关,受植物内部因素调节,属于不可逆转的过程。作物叶片过早衰老将导致同化能力降低,影响作物的产量和品质。加强植物叶片功能研究将有助于改善我国农作物品质、增加产量。水稻作为我国的第一大粮食作物,延缓水稻叶片衰老,延长其光合功能期对提高产量有着重要的意义。本文将从水稻叶片保绿性的概念和分类、叶片保绿过程中叶绿素的功能及其降解等生理生化特点、叶片保绿性的表型遗传和基因效应等遗传特性以及叶片保绿性分子调控等几个方面的进行综述。理清水稻叶片保绿性的分子遗传机制,对具高保绿能力叶片的高产水稻品种选育及高产潜力水稻种质资源的挖掘都具有重要指导意义。 | Plant leaf senescence is an adaptive mechanism which is formed in the long-term evolution process,closely related to harvest organs and nutrient transport,and regulated by plant internal factors,as well as an irreversible process.The premature aging of crop leaf will lead to the reduction of the assimilation capacity,and influence crop yields and quality.Strengthen the function of plant leaves will help to improve the quality of crops and increase yields.As China＇s largest food crops,delaying rice leaf senescence and extending the period of photosynthesis is very important to increase production.In this article,we mainly summarized about stay-green of the rice leaf,including the concept and classification,the physiological and biochemical of characteristics of chlorophyll＇s function and its degradation in the process of stay-green,the genetic basis in phenotypes genetic and gene effects,and its molecular regulation.Making the molecular genetic mechanism of stay-green in rice leaf clear,which would have an important significance to good stay-green,high-yielding and ability varieties of germplasm resources and yield potential of mining in rice.

摘　　要：为确证免疫刺激对肉仔鸡生产性能及肌肉品质的影响,取108只1周龄肉仔鸡,均分为2个组,对照组（CK）和脂多糖（LPS）组。LPS组每周1、3、5按500μg/kg BW腹腔注射LPS,对照组注射等量生理盐水,8～21日龄连续2周。21日龄时,测定生产性能及血液皮质酮及IL-1β水平。42日龄时,测生产性能,胸肌率、腿肌（带骨）率、腹脂率;胸肌及腿肌pH,滴水损失率和肌肉剪切力;胸肌中的蛋白质、脂肪含量、蛋白脂肪比及胸肌纤维面积。结果表明,LPS刺激对肉仔鸡血液皮质酮及IL-1β含量,前期及全期生产性能没有显著影响（P〉0.05）。LPS组肉仔鸡腹脂率及胸肌蛋白脂肪比分别比对照组高17.81%和36.94%,而胸肌pH比对照组低2.23%,均差异显著（P〈0.05）。结果显示：免疫刺激尽管对肉仔鸡生产性能没有显著影响,但对胴体品质,胸肌肌肉品质均会产生不良影响。 | To test the effect of immunological challenge on performance and meat quality of broiler chickens,108 7-d broiler chickens were divided into control group（CK） and experimental group（LPS）.Birds in LPS group were injected with 500 μg/kg BW LPS dissolved in saline on Monday,Wednesday and Friday since 8-d of age for continuous 2 weeks,meanwhile,birds in CK were injected with saline.The performance and serum corticosterone and IL-1β level of broiler chickens were evaluated on 21-d.The performance,percentage of pectoralis and thigh muscle（with bone） and abdominal fat;the drip loss rate,pH value and shear force of pectoralis and thigh muscle;the protein and fat content,protein/fat ratio and myofiber area of pectoralis of broiler chickens were assayed on 42-d.Results showed that LPS challenge had no significant effect on serum corticosterone and IL-1β level and growth performance（P0.05）.The percentage of abdominal fat,protein/fat ratio of pectoralis of birds in LPS were about 17.81% and 36.94% higher than those in CK,respectively（P0.05）,while pH value of pectoralis were about 2.23% lower than those in CK（P0.05）.In conclusion,immunological challenge had no effect on growth performance,but had significant negative effects on the carcass quality and meat quality of broiler chickens.

摘　　要：对辽西地区玉米高产品种和技术模式进行筛选研究,提高辽西地区玉米综合生产能力。研究结果表明：不同品种的株高间达到了极显著差异,不同品种之间的产量性状各异,产量以辽单565最高,为11980.50kg/hm2;中农4号最小,为5 692.50 kg/hm2。不同技术模式对辽单565株高和产量性状影响各异,以双层施肥处理最大,为11005.50kg/hm2;双珠定向处理最小,为7480.00kg/hm2。 | In order to strengthen maize comprehensively productivity,the different technical patterns of super high-yield maize in area of western Liaoning province were studied.The results showed that the height of different varieties had achieved the extremely remarkable difference,the yield characters between different varieties were different,Liaodan565 has the highest yield,the yield was 11 980.50 kg/ha,the smallest was Zhongnong No.4,the yield was 5 692.50 kg/ha.The influence of different technical patterns on height and yield characters of Liaodan565 were different,by double-decked applies fertilizer processing to be biggest,was 11 005.50 kg/ha,the smallest by the pair of pearls aligning treatment,was 7 480 kg/ha.

摘　　要：以不同品种京单28和先玉335为试材，通过设置5个种植密度，采用膦酸胆碱合剂（ECK）处理，研究化学调控技术对不同密度群体春玉米根系质量及产量的影响。结果表明，随种植密度的增加，京单28和先玉335根系气生根数和总根数下降，根系干物重和根系活力降低，两个品种的双穗率、穗粒数、百粒重和单株产量均下降，空秆率上升，不同处理的子粒产量呈先增加后下降的趋势，在56 250株/hm. 密度处理获得最高产量。经膦酸胆碱合剂处理后，两个品种不同密度的根系气生根数增加，根系干物重和根系活力提高，高密度条件下群体产量构成因素得到改善，两个品种均在90 000株/hm. 密度处理获得最高产量。研究表明，膦酸胆碱合剂能提高根系质量，缓解玉米群体的密度效应，可为实现密植群体高产稳产提供技术支持。 | Two genotype maize varieties, jingdan28 and xianyu335 were used to elucidate the effect of planting density in five planting density and Synthetic plant growth regulators（ECK） on the root quality and the yield of maize. The results showed that with the increasing of planting density, the root quality, including the number of aerial root, total root, dry matter of root and the root activity were decrease;100-kernels weight, double-ear rate and plant yield were decreased, but no-ear rate presented opposite trend. The grain yields were increased and decreased successively, and reached the maximum at 56 250 plants/ha. The number of aerial root, total root, dry matter of root and the root activity were improved by foliage spray ECK at the 6 leaves expended stage of maize. The yield and yield components of two genotype maize varieties under high plant density were great improved, and reached the maximum at 90 000 plants/ha. The research showed that ECK can improve the root system quality and apply technical support for improving the yield of high-density.

摘　　要：采用夏玉米高产品种郑单958为材料，研究喷施生长调节剂对玉米生长发育的影响。结果表明，喷施化控剂“康丰利”增加玉米茎粗，缩短基部节间的长度，提高根系干重，增加根长，增强玉米植株的抗倒伏能力，提高产量2．6％。 | Summer maize variety of Zhengdan958 was used to study the effects of plant growth regulator（PGR） on the growth and development of summer maize. The results showed that the stem thickness was increased, the length of inter-node near the basal part was shorted, root dry mass and root length were increased by the treatment of spraying one kind of PGR-Kangfengli, and increase the plants lodging resistance of maize. The grain yield was also increased to some degree.

探讨不同品种小豆地上部各器官的干物质积累、分配与转运规律。2008-2009年，以高产小豆品种（系）“2000-75”、“冀红9218”和低产小豆品种（系）“红宝1号”、“湾选1号”为材料，研究小豆开花至成熟期植株茎秆、叶片、幼壳、籽粒等的干物质积累特性。小豆开花后，植株地上部干物质和籽粒干物质积累均呈近“S”型变化趋势，花后7~14 d是生物产量和籽粒产量形成的关键时期，高产品种“2000-75”和“冀红9218”地上部干物质和籽粒干物质积累速率明显较低产品种“湾选1号”和“红宝1号”快；主茎上部开花节位叶片是籽粒充实的主要源器官，其转运率高达17.23%~22.31%，对籽粒产量的贡献率最大。不同品种小豆间干物质积累和转运能力差异显著，高产品种“2000-75”和“冀红9218”各器官干物质积累和转运能力强，尤其是主茎上部开花节位叶片干物质积累较多，为后期产量形成奠定了基础。在小豆生产实践中，提高籽粒产量的关键是选用库容大的多荚、大粒型品种；加强花后田间管理，以延缓主茎开花节位叶片衰老；采用去除无效分枝等措施，增强源库间的物质运输与分配。 | The study was intended to investigate the accumulation, distribution and transportation characteristics of dry matter in the above-ground organs of different adzuki bean cultivars. In 2008-2009, during flowering to maturing, high-yielding cultivars “2000-75” and “Jihong 9218” and low-yielding cultivars “Hongbao 1” and “Wanxuan 1” were adopted to determine the dry matter accumulation characteristics of the above-ground organs consisting of stalks, leaves, pod shells and seeds. After anthesis, the change in dry matter accumulation of both plant and seeds was presented as the “S” curves. The key stage for yield formation of plant biomass and seeds was at 7-14 days after anthesis, and the accumulation rate of both plant and seeds of “2000-75” and “Jihong 9218” (high-yield) was faster than “Hongbao 1” and “Wanxuan 1” (low yield); the main source organ of grain-filling was the leaves at flowering nodes on the main stem with the biggest contribution to grain yield, with a transportation rate as high as 17.23%-22.31%. Significant differences were observed between different cultivars, and the accumulation and transportation capacities of the high-yielding cultivars (“2000-75” and “Jihong 9218”) were greater than those of the low-yielding cultivars, especially for the accumulation of dry matter in the leaves at the flowering node on the main stems, which was the basis of the formation of grain yield. The major practice to achieve higher yield in the adzuki bean production should select the cultivars with multi-pods and bigger grain, to enhance the field management after anthesis to maintain longer function duration of leaves at flowering nodes on the main stem, and to remove the invalid branches to improve the transportation and distribution of dry matter.

目的研究超高产春玉米群体冠层结构和功能特性，揭示超高产形成的生理机制，为春玉米超高产栽培提供理论依据。方法以金山27为供试品种，设超高产栽培（SHY）和普通高产栽培（CK）2个处理，于2009年和2010年连续2年的田间试验，测定超高产春玉米冠层结构及生理指标的变化规律。结果与普通高产栽培相比，超高产栽培春玉米叶面积指数大，在生育期上表现为吐丝之后更为明显，在叶位上表现为棒三叶最为突出；不同叶位的叶倾角超高产栽培均小于普通高产栽培，而叶向值均大于普通高产栽培，在棒三叶表现最为明显；随着生育时期的推移，超高产栽培与普通高产栽培光合势的差幅增大；吐丝期和乳熟期，两种栽培模式间净光合速率的差异不显著，但冠层光合能力的差异均达到极显著水平；吐丝后40 d内，超高产春玉米叶片SOD和POD酶活性总体上高于普通高产栽培，而MDA含量低于普通高产栽培。结论超高产栽培春玉米叶面积指数高，群体光合势大；叶倾角小、叶向值大，冠层结构合理；叶片SOD 和POD活性强，MDA含量低，衰老缓慢，净光合速率相对较高，冠层光合能力强。在合理的栽培技术调控下，超高产春玉米群体结构与个体功能实现了协同增益。 | Objective Canopy structure and canopy functional characteristics of super-high yield spring maize populations were studied to reveal the physiological mechanism of formation of super-high yield, which provided a theoretical basis for cultivation of super-high yield spring maize.MethodThe Jinshan 27 was grown under super-high-yield cultivation (SHY) and normal high-yield cultivation (CK) condition in 2009 and 2010 to assess the indexes of canopy structure and physiological characteristics of super-high yield maize.ResultCompared with normal high-yield cultivation, the super-high yield spring maize had higher leaf area index (LAI), and three-ear leaves was more obvious after silking stage. Leaf angle of different leaf locations was lower and the leaf direction value was higher than normal high-yield cultivation, and particularly in the three-ear. With the process of the growing period, the difference of photosynthetic potential between the super-high-yield cultivation and the normal high-yield cultivation increased. In the silking stage and milking stage, the difference of the net photosynthetic rate of two cultivation modes was not significant, but canopy photosynthetic ability of super-high cultivation was significantly higher than normal high-yield cultivation. From the silking stage to 40 days, SOD and POD activities were higher than the normal cultivation and MDA content lower than the normal cultivation.ConclusionThe super-high yield spring maize has higher LAI and population photosynthetic potential, smaller leaf angle and higher leaf direction value, and canopy structure is reasonable. The super-high yield spring maize has stronger SOD and POD activities, lower the MDA content, higher net photosynthetic rate and stronger photosynthetic potential. So under the reasonable cultivation technique condition, collaborative gain can be obtained from super-high-yield spring maize community structure and individual function.

摘　　要：以抗旱性不同的两个玉米品种郑单958和户单4号为材料，研究不同生育期干旱一复水对产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，各生育期干旱一复水后，两个品种产量均低于对照处理，尤以扬花期干旱-复水最低；两个品种水分利用效率在扬花期干旱一复水最低；郑单958的产量、水分利用效率均高于户单4号，两者耗水量基本相等。分析两个品种株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累等在复水之后的变化表明，各生育期干旱-复水后，两个晶种均存在一定的补偿效应，且郑单958的补偿效应明显较强。因此，郑单958在干旱-复水后补偿能力强，从而保持较高的产量和水分利用效率。 | Two maize geno types（Zhengdan958 and Hudan4） with different drought tolerance were screened to study the effects of yield and water use efficiency （WUE） under drought stress and re-watering in different growth stages. The results showed that the yield decreased in both varieties under drought stress and re-watering in any growth stages, particularly drought stress in the flowering stage. WUE in both varieties also reached the minimum under drought stress and re-watering in the flowering stage. Among the varieties, the yield and WUE of Zhengdan958 was higher than Hudan4 in every treatment. The water consumption was basically the same. The plant height, leaf area index（LAI） and biomass of two varieties gained compensation during the recovery stage, but the compensation of Zhengdan958 was significantly stronger. Therefore, it was considered that under drought stress and re-watering Zhengdan958 had more strong compensation ability, thereby attaining a higher yield and WUE.

目的研究不同生育期类型水稻品种氮素吸收利用的差异，分析提高其氮素吸收利用的途径。方法在群体水培条件下，以88―122个常规籼稻品种（2001―2002）、94个常规粳稻品种（2008―2009）为材料，测定生育期、各器官干物重和氮素含量、产量及其构成因素等，采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种按播种到抽穗日数（为方便描述本文统称为生育期）从低到高依次分为A、B、C、D、E、F 六类，研究各类品种氮素吸收利用的差异及其原因。结果生育期长的品种抽穗期和成熟期氮素累积量大（籼稻）或较大（粳稻），但结实期吸氮量并无优势；生育期长的品种植株含氮率较低（粳稻）或品种间差异较小（籼稻），单位面积穗数较少（籼稻）或品种间差异较小（粳稻），但其生长日数多、干物质生产量大、单穗吸氮量较大、单穗吸氮强度大（籼稻）或较大（粳稻），干物质生产量、单穗吸氮量、单穗吸氮强度对吸氮量的作用分别大于植株含氮率、单位面积穗数、生长日数对吸氮量的作用；生育期长的品种氮素籽粒生产效率低（籼稻）或中等偏大（粳稻），氮素干物质生产效率较大（粳稻）；生育期长的品种抽穗期、成熟期茎鞘叶中氮素分配比例大，穗中氮素分配比例小或较小（成熟期粳稻）。结论生育期长的品种吸氮能力强（籼稻）或较强（粳稻），氮素籽粒生产效率低（籼稻）或中等偏大（粳稻）。生育期长的品种植株含氮率、穗数或小或无优势，但生长日数、干物质生产量、单穗吸氮量、单穗吸氮强度大。促进干物质生产，提高单穗吸氮强度和单穗吸氮能力有利于提高生育期长的品种氮素吸收量。无论是籼稻品种还是粳稻品种，促进营养器官中氮素向穗部运转，减少茎鞘叶中氮素分配比例，均有利于生育期长的品种氮素利用效率的提高。对粳稻品种而言，成熟期较低的植株含氮率也是生育期长的品种氮素利用效率高的重要因素。 | Objective The objective of the experiments is to investigate the differences in nitrogen uptake and utilization and analyze the ways to improve nitrogen uptake and utilization of the conventional rice varieties with different growth duration (GD). Method A total of 88 and 122 conventional indica rice varieties were used in 2001 and 2002 and 94 conventional japonica rice varieties were used in 2008 and 2009 in solution culture experiments. The GD, dry matter weight of each plant organ (including root), nitrogen content and grain yield and yield components were measured. Based on GD (from sowing to heading stage) by the MinSSw (dynamic clustering method-minimum sum of squares within groups) method, these rice varieties were clustered into 6 types in the alignment from low to high (A, B, C, D, E and F) for determining the differences in nitrogen uptake and utilization and analyzing their causes. ResultThe rice varieties with longer GD had larger amount of nitrogen absorption (ANU) (indica rice varieties) or comparatively larger ANU (japonica rice varieties) at heading stage and maturing stage, however it is not predominant of ANU at grain filling stage. The rice varieties with longer GD showed a lower nitrogen concentration (NC) (japonica rice varieties) or no difference in the NC among varieties (indica rice varieties), also had less panicle numbers per unit area (indica rice varieties) or less difference in the panicle numbers among varieties (japonica rice varieties). However they had longer growing days, higher dry matter weight, higher ANU per single panicle, stronger nitrogen uptake intensity per single panicle (indica rice varieties) or comparatively higher nitrogen uptake intensity per panicle (japonica rice varieties). The dry matter weight, the ANU per single panicle, nitrogen uptake intensity per single panicle had more impact on the amount of nitrogen uptake than nitrogen concentration, panicle numbers per unit area, growing days in both indica and japonica rice varieties. The rice varieties with longer GD had low nitrogen use efficiency for grain yield (NUEg) (indica rice varieties) or over medium NUEg (japonica rice varieties) and comparatively higher nitrogen use efficiency for dry weight (japonica rice varieties). And the rice varieties with longer GD showed a higher nitrogen distribution percentage in leaf and stem and sheath at heading and maturity stages, and lower or comparatively lower nitrogen ratio in panicle (japonica rice varities at ripening stage). Conclusion The rice varieties with longer GD had stronger nitrogen uptake ability (indica rice varieties) or comparatively stronger nitrogen uptake ability (japonica rice varieties) at heading and maturing stages, and had lower NUEg (indica rice varieties) or over medium NUEg (japonica rice varieties). Although, the rice varieties with longer GD had low nitrogen concentration or panicle number, they had longer growing days, larger dry matter weight, higher and comparatively higher amount of nitrogen uptake per single panicle and nitrogen uptake intensity per single panicle. Improvement of dry matter weight, nitrogen uptake ability per single panicle and nitrogen uptake intensity per single panicle were helpful to improve the amount of nitrogen uptake. The promotion of nitrogen translocation from vegetative organs to panicle, and the decrease of the nitrogen percentage remained in sheath and stem and leaves were both beneficial to improving nitrogen use efficiency in rice varieties (indica rice varieties or japonica rice varieties) with longer GD. For japonica rice varieties, the low nitrogen concentration of rice plant at maturity was also one of the important factors on improving nitrogen use efficiency.