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Costs of mechanization in agricultural production
1999
Wojcicki, Z. (Instytut Budownictwa, Mechanizacji i Elektryfikacji Rolnictwa, Warszawa (Poland))
Paper analysed the procedures to evaluating the costs of mechanized agricultural operations against the background of partial and total production costs on family farms. Some novel methodical proposals were given
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Economies of size in agricultural production
1999
Klöble, Anna
Economies of size in agricultural production
1999
Kloeble, A. (SLU, Uppsala (Sweden). Inst. foer Ekonomi)
Market-oriented urban agricultural production in Dakar
1999
Mbaye, A. | Moustier, P.
Minilivestock in Argentina. Integration with Agricultural Production
1999
Biasatti, NR. | Spiaggi, ER. | Marc, L. | Di Masso, RJ.
The development of alternative agricultural production can take different forms. In Argentina there is an important diversity of species available to be incorporated into production systems, giving support for the use of natural resources based on taking advantage of the regional fauna. Moreover the use of different animal species can be incorporated under the concept of the optimization of flows of energy and materials, tending to minimize the environmental impact of livestock production, and also to make more efficient use of the ingredients required for developing the activity. The integration of non-traditional species (minilivestock) within the context of sustainable agricultural development was the motivation for the present study A module for raising Myocastor coypus (coypu or false nutha) was developed, to which was linked a module for raising Eisenia foetida (the socalled red worm), in both cases with a dual purpose. Preliminary estimates were made of the productive aspects of both species, as well as an analysis of their integration, to understand the extent to which diversification linked with complementation tends to optimize the system.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]EVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN LATIN AMERICA
1999
Cordonnier, Michael
Pesticide utilization in agricultural production in Nueva Vizcaya [Philippines]
1999
Andres, G.A. | Ortiz, E.A. Jr. | Ramos, E.P. | Fanuncio, E.V. | Perante, N.M. (Nueva Vizcaya State Inst. of Technology, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya (Philippines))
Out of 65 farmer respondents, more than 90 percent used chemicals to protect their crops from pests and diseases, while less than 10 percent either used botanical pesticides namely siling labuyo, laweh, and garlic, or did not use any control method at all. Almost all the farmer respondents (94.80 percent) were aware of the proper use of the chemicals and their negative impacts on human health. Insecticide comprised the major bulk of the pesticides being used by the farmers. Most of the insecticides belonged to the organophosphate and the pyrethroid groups of compounds. The others were carbamate and organochlorine compounds. Bacillus thuringiensis was the only biological method used. There were 22 brands of insecticides being used in the area, 14 brands of fungicides, 3 herbicides, 2 molluscides, and 1 rodenticide. Among the agricultural produce, vegetable had the highest amount of pesticide residues. Sweet peas, cabbage, tomato, ampalaya, and eggplant were found to contain pesticide residues beyond the maximum residue limit set by FAO/WHO. The pesticides detected were Malathion (at 0.30 ug/g), Monocrotophos (0.30-1.50 ug/g), Deltamethrin (0.20 ug/g) and Methomyl (0.12-0.15 ug/g). Soils in seven municipalities of Nueva Vizcaya were found possitive of pesticide residue. These were Aritao, Bagabag, Bayombong, Diadi, Dupax del Sur, Quezon, and Villaverde. Among the pesticides detected were Monocrotophos (0.04-0.60 ug/g), Malathion (0.12 ug/g), Mancozeb (0.04 ug/g), Azinophos ethyl (0.04 ug/g). Spring water and irrigation canals, about 50 m away from the vegetable farms were found negative of pesticide residues. Paddy water in rice fields was found to contain residues of Cypermethrin (until two days after spraying) and Monocrotophos (until four days after spraying). Pesticide residues decreased with time as they were diluted with continuous movement of water, taken up by organisms, adsorbed by substances in the water, or flashed away by rainwater.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Farmers and agricultural counselling in production decision-making
1999
Wawrzyniak, B.M. (Akademia Techniczno-Rolnicza, Bydgoszcz (Poland). Wydzial Rolniczy)
Market economy involves farmers to participate in the production decision-making. The farmer, being the owner of his farm, faces challenges of different kind and has to take decisions. Decision-making is supported by the counselling bodies responsible for providing market updates for the best decision to be made. The present research aimed at defining the farmers' decision-making mechanisms. The research of 1995-97 covered the mid-western macro-region, including 467 family farm owners as well as 207 local counsellors representing Agricultural Counselling Centres (ODR). The results showed that market economy makes it impossible for the farmers not to look for assistance; farmers are not familiar with production decision-making. They committed many mistakes which, in turn, decreased the produce volume and cost-effectiveness
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Feminization of maize agricultural production in southwest China
1999
Song, Y.
[Standards and their use in agricultural production planning and evaluation of production technologies]
1999
Kavka, M. | Caicedo, F. (Ceska Zemedelska Univ., Prague-Suchdol (Czech Republic)) | Rataj, V.
