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Management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) using biorational insecticide based IPM packages Полный текст
2020
Sarker, Mithun | Uddin, Mohammad Mahir | Howlader, Mohammad Tofazzal Hossain
Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) is a serious pest of brinjal which can cause up to 90% yield loss and very difficult to control. An experiment was conducted in the Entomology Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University during December 2017 to April 2018 on the management of brin- jal shoot and fruit borer using selected biorational insecticide based IPM Packages viz. spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit, abamectin + removal of infested shoot and fruit, emamectin benzoate + removal of infested shoot and fruit, cypermethrin + removal of infested shoot and fruit, spinosad + abamectin, spinosad + emamectin benzoate, spinosad + bupro- fezin, abamectin + buprofezin, emamectin benzoate + buprofezin, abamectin + emamectin benzoate along with an untreated control. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The effectiveness of IPM packages was evaluated based on following parameters viz. percent shoot and fruit infestation, percent protection of shoot and fruit over control, marketable and infested fruit yield (t ha−1), percent increase or decrease of marketable or infested fruit over control. All the IPM packages significantly reduced percent shoot and fruit infestation and significantly increased/decreased the marketable/infested fruit yield, respectively over untreated control at 7 days after spraying (DAS). Among the packages the best results were found in case of spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit (73.13% and 72.72% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 5.70 t ha−1 and 65.07% reduction of infested fruit yield) and emamectin benzoate + buprofezin (82.72% and 57.70% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 5.71 t ha−1 and 43.88% reduction of infested fruit yield) treated plots whereas the lowest protection was obtained from abamectin + buprofezin (15.67% and 20.70% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 2.87 t ha−1 and 13.43% reduction of infested fruit yield). Therefore, spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit and emamectin benzoate + buprofezin could be recommended as the IPM programme for the sustainable management of BSFB.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) using biorational insecticide based IPM packages Полный текст
2020
Sarker, Mithun | Uddin, Mohammad | Howlader, Mohammad
Management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) using biorational insecticide based IPM packages Полный текст
2020
Sarker, Mithun | Uddin, Mohammad | Howlader, Mohammad
Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) is a serious pest of brinjal which can cause upto 90% yield loss and very difficult to control it. An experiment was conducted in the Entomology Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University during December 2017 to April 2018 on the management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer using selected biorational insecticide based IPM Packages viz. spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit, abamectin + removal of infested shoot and fruit, emamectin benzoate + removal of infested shoot and fruit, cypermethrin + removal of infested shoot and fruit, spinosad + abamectin, spinosad + emamectin benzoate, spinosad + buprofezin, abamectin + buprofezin, emamectin benzoate + buprofezin, abamectin + emamectin benzoate. An untreated control was maintained. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. The effectiveness of IPM packages was evaluated based on different parameters viz. percent shoot and fruit infestation and their percent protection over control, marketable and infested fruit yield (t/ha) and their percent increase or decrease over control. All the IPM packages significantly reduced percent shoot and fruit infestation and significantly increased/decreased the marketable/infested fruit yield, respectively over untreated control at 7DAS. Among the packages the best results were found in case of spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit (73.13% and 72.72% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 5.70 t/ha and 65.07% reduction of infested fruit yield) and emamectin benzoate + buprofezin (82.72% and 57.70% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 5.71 t/ha and 43.88% reduction of infested fruit yield) treated plots whereas the lowest protection was obtained from abamectin + buprofezin (15.67% and 20.70% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 2.87 t/ha and 13.43% reduction of infested fruit yield). Therefore, spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit and emamectin benzoate + buprofezin could be recommended as the IPM programme for the sustainable management of BSFB.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) using biorational insecticide based IPM packages Полный текст
2020
Mithun Sarker | Mohammad Mahir Uddin | Mohammad Tofazzal Hossain Howlader
Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) is a serious pest of brinjal which can cause upto 90% yield loss and very difficult to control it. An experiment was conducted in the Entomology Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University during December 2017 to April 2018 on the management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer using selected biorational insecticide based IPM Packages viz. spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit, abamectin + removal of infested shoot and fruit, emamectin benzoate + removal of infested shoot and fruit, cypermethrin + removal of infested shoot and fruit, spinosad + abamectin, spinosad + emamectin benzoate, spinosad + buprofezin, abamectin + buprofezin, emamectin benzoate + buprofezin, abamectin + emamectin benzoate. An untreated control was maintained. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. The effectiveness of IPM packages was evaluated based on different parameters viz. percent shoot and fruit infestation and their percent protection over control, marketable and infested fruit yield (t/ha) and their percent increase or decrease over control. All the IPM packages significantly reduced percent shoot and fruit infestation and significantly increased/decreased the marketable/infested fruit yield, respectively over untreated control at 7DAS. Among the packages the best results were found in case of spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit (73.13% and 72.72% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 5.70 t/ha and 65.07% reduction of infested fruit yield) and emamectin benzoate + buprofezin (82.72% and 57.70% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 5.71 t/ha and 43.88% reduction of infested fruit yield) treated plots whereas the lowest protection was obtained from abamectin + buprofezin (15.67% and 20.70% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 2.87 t/ha and 13.43% reduction of infested fruit yield). Therefore, spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit and emamectin benzoate + buprofezin could be recommended as the IPM programme for the sustainable management of BSFB. [Fundam Appl Agric 2020; 5(3.000): 361-371]
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) using biorational insecticide based IPM packages Полный текст
2020
Sarker, Mithun | Uddin, Mohammad Mahir | Howlader, Mohammad Tofazzal Hossain
Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) is a serious pest of brinjal which can cause upto 90% yield loss and very difficult to control it. An experiment was conducted in the Entomology Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University during December 2017 to April 2018 on the management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer using selected biorational insecticide based IPM Packages viz. spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit, abamectin + removal of infested shoot and fruit, emamectin benzoate + removal of infested shoot and fruit, cypermethrin + removal of infested shoot and fruit, spinosad + abamectin, spinosad + emamectin benzoate, spinosad + buprofezin, abamectin + buprofezin, emamectin benzoate + buprofezin, abamectin + emamectin benzoate. An untreated control was maintained. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. The effectiveness of IPM packages was evaluated based on different parameters viz. percent shoot and fruit infestation and their percent protection over control, marketable and infested fruit yield (t/ha) and their percent increase or decrease over control. All the IPM packages significantly reduced percent shoot and fruit infestation and significantly increased/decreased the marketable/infested fruit yield, respectively over untreated control at 7DAS. Among the packages the best results were found in case of spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit (73.13% and 72.72% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 5.70 t/ha and 65.07% reduction of infested fruit yield) and emamectin benzoate + buprofezin (82.72% and 57.70% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 5.71 t/ha and 43.88% reduction of infested fruit yield) treated plots whereas the lowest protection was obtained from abamectin + buprofezin (15.67% and 20.70% shoot and fruit protection, respectively over control; marketable fruit yield of 2.87 t/ha and 13.43% reduction of infested fruit yield). Therefore, spinosad + removal of infested shoot and fruit and emamectin benzoate + buprofezin could be recommended as the IPM programme for the sustainable management of BSFB. [Fundam Appl Agric 2020; 5(3.000): 361-371]
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Effect of dynamic controlled atmospheres on volatile compound production in 'Granny Smith' apples Полный текст
2020
Mditshwa, A. | Fawole, O. A. | Mokwena, L. | Vries, F. A. | Merwe, K van der | Crouch, E. | Opara, U. L.
This study investigated the effect of dynamic controlled atmospheres (DCA) on the production of volatile compounds in 'Granny Smith' apples. Fruit were stored in DCA (0.3-0.5 kPa O(2) + 1kPa CO(2)) for 12, 16 and 20 wks at -0.5°C, air was used as the control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze volatile compounds from the pulp of the fruit. Total amount of volatiles detected in the control fruit samples were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those exposed in DCA. Production of 1-butanol, 1-hexanol and 1-hexen-ol by fruit stored in DCA were 25, 45 and 27%, respectively, of the amounts detected in the control. DCA treatments also resulted in higher emission of ethanol compared with fruit stored in air. Production of 2-methylpropyl acetate by DCA stored fruit was 19% of that produced by the control fruit. Aldehydes emissions were lower in DCA compared to control fruit. Esters were the main volatiles detected (50%) with the highest emission obtained in the control treatment. The known characteristic flavour volatiles in apples, ethyl hexanoate and hexyl acetate were significantly lower in DCA stored fruit, however, ethyl-2-methylbutyrate was notably higher compared to the control treatment. Titratable acidity loss was significantly reduced by DCA treatments compared to normal regular air storage.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Improving postharvest storage of fresh red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus sp.) fruit by pre-harvest application of CPPU Полный текст
2020
Jiang, Yi-Lu | Chen, Lyn-Ya | Lee, Tan-Cha | Chang, Pai-Tsang
The appearance, flavor, and taste are important criteria of fruit quality, which is affected by environmental conditions, orchard management, and postharvest storage. The current study was conducted to investigate the influence of the pre-harvest application of forchlorfenuron (CPPU) on the red-fleshed cv. ‘Fu Kwai Hong’ pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus sp.) fruit during storage at 5 °C. On the flowering day, 100 mg L⁻¹ CPPU was sprayed on the bracts and water was used as the control. The significantly higher bract thickness (1.49 mm and 1.67 mm), shorter fruit length (88.6 mm and 99.4 mm), lower fruit shape index (0.91 and 0.95), and less cracking ratio (0% and 2.17%) were recorded on CPPU treated fruit in both winter and summer seasons, respectively. Moreover, CPPU resulted in more chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content in the bracts than in the control, which caused fresh-green color of the bracts when CPPU treated fruit was harvested compared to the control, and was significantly less degree of bract browning than the control fruit during storage. Additionally, CPPU treated fruit exhibited later incidence of chilling injury than the control fruit during 5 °C storage. On the other hand, CPPU treated fruit had more weight loss and a slight increase of respiration rate compared to the control during storage at 5 °C.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]CONTROL OF WEEDS IN THE JAPANESE PUMPKIN HYBRIDS Полный текст
2020
Antonia Mirian Nogueira de Moura Guerra | Maria Gabriela Magalhães Silva | Régila Santos Evangelista | Edeilton Borges dos Santos | Ítalo José da Silva Rodrigues
The Japanese pumpkin known as "Tetsukabuto" is the result of crossing selected lines of squash. Squashes are highly susceptible to weed interference due to slow initial growth, requiring more considerable attention as to their control. Studies focusing on the losses caused by weeds to Japanese pumpkin hybrids are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of weed control on the fruit yield of Japanese pumpkin hybrid cultivars. A randomized block design with four replications in a 3x4 factorial scheme was used. Three cultivars (Corina F1, Triunfo F1, and Takayama F1) and four weed control periods, without weed control, weed control from 0 to 30 and from 0 to 60 days after transplanting (DAT), and weed control throughout the crop cycle (continuous control) were evaluated. The harvest was carried out at 105 DAT, and it was evaluated population density of the weed community, yield, fruit diameter, fruit fresh mass, number of fruits per plant, pulp thickness, and internal fruit cavity thickness. The weed control from 0 to 60 DAT and continuous weed control resulted in the lowest weed population density and weed dry matter. The weed control from 0 to 60 DAT provided a higher number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit fresh mass, and thicker pulp. The highest development and fruit yield of Japanese pumpkin hybrids was observed when the plants were free from weed interference until 60 days after transplanting.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Biological Control of Tephritid Fruit Flies in the Americas and Hawaii: A Review of the Use of Parasitoids and Predators Полный текст
2020
Garcia, Flávio R. M. | Ovruski, Sérgio M. | Suárez, Lorena | Cancino, Jorge | Liburd, Oscar E.
Biological control has been the most commonly researched control tactic within fruit fly management programs. For the first time, a review is carried out covering parasitoids and predators of fruit flies (Tephritidae) from the Americas and Hawaii, presenting the main biological control programs in this region. In this work, 31 species of fruit flies of economic importance are considered in the genera Anastrepha (11), Rhagoletis (14), Bactrocera (4), Ceratitis (1), and Zeugodacus (1). In this study, a total of 79 parasitoid species of fruit flies of economic importance are listed and, from these, 50 are native and 29 are introduced. A total of 56 species of fruit fly predators occur in the Americas and Hawaii.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Yield and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba L. trees as affected by preharvest foliar application of calcium and ascorbic acid | Yield and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba L. trees as affected by preharvest foliar application of calcium and ascorbic acid Полный текст
2020
Al-Saif, Adel Mohamed | Ahmed, Mahmoud Abdel-Aziz | Al-Obeed, Rashid | El-Sabagh, Ahmed Said
Yield and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba L. trees as affected by preharvest foliar application of calcium and ascorbic acid | Yield and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba L. trees as affected by preharvest foliar application of calcium and ascorbic acid Полный текст
2020
Al-Saif, Adel Mohamed | Ahmed, Mahmoud Abdel-Aziz | Al-Obeed, Rashid | El-Sabagh, Ahmed Said
The present study was carried out during the seasons of 2014 and 2015 at the Research and Agricultural Experimental Station, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, to investigate the effects of foliar application of CaCl2 at 1 or 2%, Ca(NO3)2 at 0.5 or 1% and ascorbic acid at 50 or 100 ppm on yield and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba trees. All treatments were repeated twice (December 15 and January 15) before harvest date in both seasons. Treatments significantly improved yield and fruit physical characteristics (fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit firmness) in comparison to untreated control in both seasons. Fruit chemical characteristics (TSS, Acidity, total sugar contents, ascorbic acid, and total chlorophyll) were mostly improved by most tested treatments in both seasons over the control (water only). It can be concluded that foliar application with Ca(NO3)2 at 1% would be the best treatment to obtain highest yield, fruit physical and chemical composition of Z. jujuba. | The present study was carried out during the seasons of 2014 and 2015 at the Research and Agricultural Experimental Station, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, to investigate the effects of foliar application of CaCl2 at 1 or 2%, Ca(NO3)2 at 0.5 or 1% and ascorbic acid at 50 or 100 ppm on yield and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba trees. All treatments were repeated twice (December 15 and January 15) before harvest date in both seasons. Treatments significantly improved yield and fruit physical characteristics (fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit firmness) in comparison to untreated control in both seasons. Fruit chemical characteristics (TSS, Acidity, total sugar contents, ascorbic acid, and total chlorophyll) were mostly improved by most tested treatments in both seasons over the control (water only). It can be concluded that foliar application with Ca(NO3)2 at 1% would be the best treatment to obtain highest yield, fruit physical and chemical composition of Z. jujuba.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Yield and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba L. trees as affected by preharvest foliar application of calcium and ascorbic acid Полный текст
2020
Adel Mohamed Al-Saif | Mahmoud Abdel-Aziz Ahmed | Rashid Al-Obeed | Ahmed Said El-Sabagh
The present study was carried out during the seasons of 2014 and 2015 at the Research and Agricultural Experimental Station, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, to investigate the effects of foliar application of CaCl2 at 1 or 2%, Ca(NO3)2 at 0.5 or 1% and ascorbic acid at 50 or 100 ppm on yield and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba trees. All treatments were repeated twice (December 15 and January 15) before harvest date in both seasons. Treatments significantly improved yield and fruit physical characteristics (fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit firmness) in comparison to untreated control in both seasons. Fruit chemical characteristics (TSS, Acidity, total sugar contents, ascorbic acid, and total chlorophyll) were mostly improved by most tested treatments in both seasons over the control (water only). It can be concluded that foliar application with Ca(NO3)2 at 1% would be the best treatment to obtain highest yield, fruit physical and chemical composition of Z. jujuba.
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Growth and productivity of apricot cultivars in the Belgrade area Полный текст
2020
Milatović, Dragan | Đurović, Dejan | Zec, Gordan
Growth and productivity characteristics (shoot length, flower bud density, fruit set, fruit weight, yieldper tree, trunk cross-sectional area and yield efficiency) were studied in 15 apricot cultivars in the Belgrade areaduring the period of two years (2013‡2014). The cultivar ‘Hungarian Best’ was used as a control for comparison. The average length of fruiting shoots ranged from 68.8 to 84.5 cm, and the number of flower buds per 1 cmof shoot length varied from 0.40 to 1.20. Nine cultivars are characterized by higher flower bud density in comparison to the control cultivar. The average fruit set ranged from 2.4 to 36.2%. Compared to control, fruit set wassignificantly higher in ‘Cegledi Arany’ and ‘Roxana’, while it was lower in ‘Laycot’. The average fruit weightranged from 39.3 to 88.9 g. Compared to control, fruit weight was significantly higher in five cultivars: ‘Sophia’, ‘Neptun’, ‘Roxana’, ‘Cegledy Arany’, and ‘Goldrich’, and it was lower in two cultivars: ‘Ninfa’ and ‘Tomcot’. The average yield per tree was the lowest in the control cultivar, ‘Hungarian Best’ (6.6 kg) and the highestin ‘Sylred’ (29.6 kg). In majority of cultivars (ten) the yield was significantly higher than in the control cultivar.The lowest vigor was recorded in ‘Neptun’, and the highest in ‘Ninfa’. All cultivars had higher cumulative yieldefficiency than the control (‘Hungarian Best’ with 0.13 kg cm-2) and it ranged from 0.18 to 0.49 kg cm-2
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