Reports on the improvement of mood changes in children with celiac disease upon treatment with gluten diets suggest that change may be mediated by a humoral agent such as serotonin. This paper reviews the relationship between mood changes and abnormal serotonin metabolism in children with celiac disease. Discussions include: synthesis, storage, and transport of serotonin; physiological effects; serotonin metabolism and mood change in patients with celiac disease; serotonin metabolism in the brain.

The current status of techniques in embryo transfer and storage is described, and the potential for deriving and transporting breeding stock in disease-free states by the use of the techniques is reviewed.

Potato tubers were artificially infected with Synchytrium endobioticum. The symptoms of wart disease, which are characterized as hypertrophied masses of host tissue, developed primarily in the region of sprouting eyes. The analysis of indole acid (IAA) by means of a solid-phase-enzyme-immunoassay showed significantly increased levels of free IAA in tumorous tissue as compared to corresponding parts of uninfected samples. Bound IAA was not detectable in either the infected of uninfected sprouting stems. The IAA content of tissue further distant from the infection site, such as the storage parenchyma from tubers, did not differ from uninfected samples. Storage parenchyma contained free and bound IAA. With respect to auxin, the fungus exerted a short range effect on its host

It was observed that post-harvest treatments with various natural plant products revealed that except cushioning with C. papaya leaves, all treatments were significantly superior in controlling storage rot. Treatment such as A. sativum bulb extract dip, cushioning with A. indica leaves and A. indica leaf extract dip treatments and were at par in effect, were highly significant over all A per cent reduction in the incidence of disease, in case of A. Sativum bulb extract dip was 40, in treatment cushioning with A. indica leaves 38.3 and with A. indica leaf extract dip 30.3. In the treatment cushioning with C. papaya leaves, the disease incidence was increased by 11.7% than that of control treatment (63.3) showing detrimental effect of the C. papaya leaves on packing.

It was observed that post-harvest treatments with various natural plant products revealed that except cushioning with C. papaya leaves, all treatments were significantly superior in controlling storage rot. Treatment such as A. sativum bulb extract dip, cushioning with A. indica leaves and A. indica leaf extract dip treatments and were at par in effect, were highly significant over all A per cent reduction in the incidence of disease, in case of A. Sativum bulb extract dip was 40, in treatment cushioning with A. indica leaves 38.3 and with A. indica leaf extract dip 30.3. In the treatment cushioning with C. papaya leaves, the disease incidence was increased by 11.7% than that of control treatment (63.3) showing detrimental effect of the C. papaya leaves on packing

A new sweet potato variety, Won-Mi, was developed at the Crops Experiment Station, Rural Development Administration in 1986. This variety was selected from the cross between Hongmi (female) and Kogae No. 14 (male). Won-Mi showed strong resistant response to the soft rot disease during storage when inoculated artificially to sweet potato with the mycelia or spores of Rhizopus stolonifer but moderate response to black rot disease by Ceratocystis fimbriata. Yield potential of Won-Mi was 41.7 Mt/ha in marketable roots with 14 % increase and 7.00 Mt/ha in starch yield with 16 % increase compare1261d with one of the leading variety. This starch content was a little higher than check variety. The total fresh yield (vine and total root) was 87.3 Mt/ha with 10 % increase. This variety showed the better yield when cutting was carried out as the full season cropping sy

Commonly associated fungi which did not cause rotting when inoculated alone in intact tubers included Aspergillus sp., and Penicillium sp. Streptomyces scabies, although frequently observed, was not considered a storage pathogen since it affects only the skin. In the control of storage rots in 5-month long in-ground storage (IGS) by drenching fungicides on the tubers at maturity, fungicide application did not significantly control Fusarium solani, Pseudomonas solanacearum and disease complex of F. solani + Rhizoctonia solani. Longer IGS increased the incidence of the major storage pathogens as well as losses in yield. The study on the chemical control of F. solani, R. solani and joint infections by F. solani + R. solani was more effectively controlled than R. solani and that joint infection by the two was significantly lower than their separate infections. Fungicides applied as protectant dip were most effective followed by eradicative dip, protective and eradicative sprays. As protectant dip, benomyl effectively controlled F. solani and joint infections by F. solani + R. solani, while thiophanate methyl effectively controlled R. solani. Fungicide application did not effect increased yields of extra-large and small tubers but effected increased yields of large, medium and total marketable tubers. Treatment with mancozeb and treatments with thiophanate methyl and chlorothalonil most significantly enhanced increased large tuber yield and medium tuber yield, respectively. Mancozeb + cymoxanil, benomyl and mancozeb effected increased total marketable tubers most significantly. The use of fungicides to control rotting by F. solani encountered during the breaking of dormancy with calcium carbide showed promising results. Benomyl effectively controlled F. solani during the incubation period for breaking dormancy to one month exposure of sprouted tubers and even latent infection as manifested by the control up to harvest when these tubers were planted. Chlorothalonil, PCNB [pentachloronitrobenzene] and thiophanate methyl likewise provided adequate protection. There was no inhibition of germination in addition to increased yield.

The occurrence of Sarocladium oryzae on nondiscolored seeds and hot-water treated seeds indicated that the organism can be present on symptomless seeds and is potentially important as seed-borne pathogen. The organism was growing inside rice hulls and on brown rice. S. oryzae survived in seeds for five months at 25-28 C, 20 C and 2 C. It decreased with longer time of storage and was replaced by storage fungi. Infection was also noticed at all stages of plant growth; as early as five days after sowing in untreated and hot-water treated seeds. This indicates that infection of S. oryzae occurs earlier than the reproductive stage, when obvious symptoms appeared. Injection of spore suspension resulted in leaf sheath browning two weeks after inoculation, however, both spraying and injection of inoculum gave the maximum disease incidence at maturity. In general, at early stages of plant growth there was less infection of S. oryzae on plants raised from hot-water treated seeds but as the plants approach maturity, infection between untreated and hot-water treated seeds did not differ. In a field experiment, sudden decrease of S. oryzae infection was probably due to senescence of the initially infected leaf sheath. The infection of the leaf sheath increased from seedling stage to maturity. More severe sheath rot infection on tillers of hot-water treated seeds than other treatments was observed. The fungus was observed from brown planthopper which was assayed by the signs of the disease on incubated excised leaf sheath. Infection of S. oryzae on leaf sheaths was greater on plants previously infested with brown planthopper than uninfested plants.

Abstract: This guide for the Minnesota commercial agricultural pesticide applicator is prepared as a training aid for those applicators who wish to become certified to apply or supervise the application of "restricted-use" pesticides in Minnesota forests. The principles of forest pest management, the identification and control of insect, weed, disease and vertebrate pests, application equipment, calibration techniques, pesticide formulation, fumigation principles and other treatment methods are discussed. The toxicity of pesticides and their potential danger to humans, environmental hazards, safety precautions, label information, protective clothing, storage, and disposal are covered. A bibliography, questions and answers, and a glossary complete this manual.

Maize insect and disease pests are estimated to cause annual world production losses of 9 to 12 and 9.4 percent, respectively. Losses in the tropics and subtropics are conceded to be higher than an estimated 30 percent from insect damage alone. A major research objective of the maize program at CIMMYT [International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico] is to develop host plant resistance (HPR) to the most important maize insect and disease pests. An attempt was made to incorporate polygenic (non-specific) resistance into various cultivars. Most materials are developed or improved for resistance by following a family structured recurrent selection scheme. High levels of host plant resistance, when found, may serve as the sole or chief means of control; lower, even moderate levels, are useful and compatible with other methods used in integrated pest management and contribute to its effectiveness. Research is directed at developing both specific and multiple resistance (to several insect and disease species, separately or combined) in an array of genetic materials. Resistance to fall armyworm, corn earworm, seven species of stem borers, and two species of stored grain weevils, as well as prevalent stalk and ear rots, foliar diseases, corn stunt, maize streak and the downy mildew disease complex is under development. Results from the multiple-borer and downy mildew breeding efforts provide case studies. The deployment of downy mildew resistant cultivars has resulted in the control of this important group of diseases worldwide. Good progress has been made for multiple insect resistance; as it is a recent achievement, improved cultivars with the highest resistance levels have yet to be deployed to help reduce production and storage losses.