With the advent of nocturnal intragastric feeding which protects against acute metabolic complications and promotes growth, patients with glycogen storage disease type I are attracting less attention. However, several biochemical alterations persist and suggest that the long-term risk of atherosclerotic heart disease remains high. Persisting hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were found in seven glycogen storage disease type I subjects, six of them following 5-6 yr of nocturnal intragastric feeding. When compared to ten age-matched controls, the patients showed significantly (P less than 0.001) higher low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (247.7 +/- 46.8 vs. 115.3 +/- 5.0 mg/dl) and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (26.4 +/- 3.4 vs. 55.8 +/- 2.9 mg/dl). Triglyceride (TG) enrichment with cholesteryl ester depletion characterized the lipoprotein classes. The diameters of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and LDL were larger, while that of HDL was smaller and consistent with the predominance of the HDL3 subclass and a lower apoA-I/apoA-II ratio. The raised levels of TG appeared attributable not only to the well-described lipogenesis, but also to impaired catabolism of fat, as evidenced by the significantly (P less than 0.001) decreased activity of both peripheral lipoprotein lipase (3.17 +/- 0.43 vs. 14.15 +/- 0.50 mumol FFA.ml-1.hr-1) and hepatic lipase (1.88 +/- 0.30 vs. 4.83 +/- 0.90). This may well explain the high concentration of intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and the impaired conversion of HDL3 to HDL2. Low apoC-II/apoC-III1 could be related to defective lipoprotein lipase activity. These data suggest that glycogen storage disease type I patients on nocturnal intragastric feeding remain at risk for atherosclerosis and its complications.

A four year survey (1983-1986) was undertaken to identify major seed potato storage pathogens in Benguet and Mountain Province [Philippines]. Fusarium sambunicum, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Pseudomonas solanacearum (Biovars I and II) and a complex of F. solani + R. solani and occasionally F. solani + Streptomyces scabies were isolated from diseased tubers. Except for F. sambunicum, all pathogens were consistently present in all survey sites throughout the survey seasons. F. solani was more virulent than F. sambunicum. All pathogens caused extensive rotting in inoculation experiments. Latent infections of these major storage pathogens were also observed. Disease incidence was generally higher during the wet season. Commonly associated fungi which did not cause rotting when inoculated alone in intact tubers included Aspergillus sp., and Penicillium sp. Streptomyces scabies, although frequently observed, was not considered as storage pathogen since it affects only the skin.

Abstract: Designed for vegetable producers, this guide provides information on pesticide recommendations, toxicity, formulations, application, storage, disposal, and safety. It covers disease, insect, and weed control for major vegetable crops grown in Ohio. Additional information on soil testing, fertility, management and irrigation, mulches and forest control is included. This guide contains appendices on fungicide/nematicide references, herbicide formulations, and herbicide effectiveness.

Caprine β-mannosidosis is an autosomal recessive defect of glycoprotein catabolism with a deficiency of tissue and plasma β-mannosidase activity and tissue accumulation of oligosaccharides within lysosomes. This rapidly fatal genetic disorder of Nubian goats is expressed at birth by a variety of clinical signs including deafness. Affected goats had folded pinnas, and the tympanic cavity was decreased due to multiple, polypoid projections of bone covered by middle ear mucosa which obstructed the view of the cochlear promontory. Numerous cells of the cochlear duct including mesothelial and epithelial cells of Reissner's membrane, mesothelial cells lining the scala tympani, cells of the stria vascularis, numerous supportive cells of the organ of Corti, cochlear hair cells, endothelial cells, perithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and neurons of the spiral ganglion contained numerous nonstaining intracytoplasmic vacuoles which resulted in distention of affected cells and caused thickening of involved structures. Ultrastructurally, the vacuoles were membrane-bound and consistent with lysosomes. Vacuolated cells were desquamated into the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. This is one of few reports describing light and electron microscopic otic alterations of a storage disease. Goats with β-mannosidosis appear to be good models of hearing loss in patients with storage disease.

Treatment of Ceratocystis fimbriata in infected tuber roots of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam. ) have been made with 60 Co gamma-ray with doses of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 krad respectively. It was found that there was clear inhibitory effect on hypha and sporangia during 7 day period when dose of 200 and 400 krad was used, but little on conidia and chlamydospores. After using 200 krad to treat infected root tubers, the origin and extension of disease spots were inhibited basically during 18-day period, and the root tubers remained in good condition, the incidence of disease spot was 75% lower than control and mean diameter of disease spot was less than 1/5 of latter. There was much higher inhibitory effect on the dose of 400 krad, however, the root tubers appeared somewhat damaged after irradiation and showed relatively serious dried rot after one month storage.

The anatomy of C. gigas is described in some detail as well as the reproductive process. Collection of seed, particularly in Pendrell Sound is described in some detail. Methods of culture include intertidal and subtidal bottom culture, suspended string, stake, tray, and both suspended and intertidal stick culture. Harvesting, processing, and storage methods are described. The problems of Pacific oyster culture include industrial and sewage pollution, paralytic shellfish poisoning along with predators and disease. How these may be dealt with is discussed. Administrative aspects of this industry are reviewed.

True seed setting is the major research task in garlic breeding. Breeding of cultivars suitable for pharmaceutical and food industry with disease resistance and good storage capability is desirable. A breeding program for high microbiological activity, high pungency level and virus-free material has already been started. It is necessary to improve the uniformity of leek characteristics, such as usable stem and leaf colour. The desirable characters are: dark leaves, long and white usable stem, resistance or tolerance to frost, yellow strip virus and fungal diseases. It is possible to improve the quality of leek breeding either F1 hybrids or synthetic cultivars

This report examines the problem and reviews the mid-1987 status of some major crops. It looks at the scope available for improvement, for example in in vitro transfer of germplasm and improved indexing, and makes recommendations for future action. Also included are eight reports outlining the status of a number of crops.

Sprouting treatment of seed tubers and planting decreased the development of the following diseases during growth period: potato blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary), early blight (Alternaria porri (Ell.) Neerg. f. sp. solani Ell. et Mart.) and blackleg (Erwinia carotovora var. atroseptica Jenn.). Those two factors were found to reduce intensity of soft rot of tubers (Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora Holl.) and dry rot of tubers (Fusarium solani var. coeruleum (Sacc.) Booth, F. sulphureum Schl.) and potato blight under the storage. Infestation of potatoes by disease and tuber yield differed significantly in relation to nitrogen rates (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg N/ha) and chemical treatments