Soybean Flour Fortified with Gryllus assimilis Powder to Increase Iron Bioavailability Improves Gut Health and Oxidative Balance In Vivo
2025
Michele Lílian da Fonseca Barnabé | Laura Célia de Oliveira Souza Vicente | Karina Vitoria Cipriana Martins | Gabrieli Fernandes Lacerda | Elias Rodrigues | Lívya Alves Oliveira | Kelly Aparecida Dias | Stephanie Michelin Santana Pereira | Vinicius Parzanini Brilhante de São José | Manoela Maciel dos Santos Dias | Ricardo C. Calhelha | Luciano Bernardes Leite | Lúcia Ribeiro | Izabela Maria Montezano de Carvalho | Bárbara Pereira da Silva | Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino | Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves | Ceres Mattos Della Lucia
Background: Insects like Gryllus assimilis have an excellent nutritional profile, including iron. However, the bioavailability of this iron and its effects on intestinal health and oxidative balance remain unclear. To enhance acceptance, insects can be used in powder form and combined with common flours. Objective: This study evaluates the effects of Gryllus assimilis powder, alone or with soy flour, on iron bioavailability, intestinal health, and oxidative balance in rodents. Methods: Using the hemoglobin depletion/repletion method, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: A (standard diet + ferrous sulfate), B (diet + Gryllus assimilis + soy flour), C (diet + Gryllus assimilis), and D (diet + soy flour). Hemoglobin levels, regeneration efficiency, biological value, serum markers, intestinal health, and oxidative balance were assessed. Results: Food intake, weight gain, and bioavailability measures showed no differences. However, the Gryllus + soy group showed higher weekly and final hemoglobin levels than Gryllus alone. This combination also improved acetic acid levels, fecal moisture, and oxidative balance, increasing superoxide dismutase activity while reducing peroxidation products compared to Gryllus alone. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential benefits of combining Gryllus assimilis with soy flour for iron bioavailability and overall health.
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