This work was carried out to study the effect of using some natural dietary supplements; i.e. powders of date palm pits and pollen, ginseng roots, moringa leaves and royal jelly which giving orally in capsule to improve endurance of weightlifter athletes throughout 12 weeks in camp of sport Championship Sector belongs to the Armed Forces, Ministry of Defense, Future City, Cairo, Egypt. Collecting data showed that the suggested dietary supplement capsule had the highest value of the antioxidant activity (96.3%) and significant increases in total phenolic and flavonoids content (52.42 & 63.1 mg/g, respectively). Also, the anthropometric measurements showed a significant increase in weight and height in males compared to females. likewise, waist and mid upper arm circumference had significant increases in males compared to females, Male weightlifter athletes had significant muscles mass bigger than female one, and the fat mass for male was assessed as ‘‘Fitness’’ which ranged between (14 and 17%) but the female had fat mass that assessed as ‘‘Athletes’’ which ranged between (14 and 20%). The weights lifting by male and female increased during three months, and also revealed a significant increase in the efficiency of males in lifting weights higher than in the females during the period of 12 weeks. Thus, the results indicated that by incorporating natural dietary supplement powders in suggesting capsule, it is possible to enhance the performance of weightlifter athletes.

Brown rot disease of Canino apricots and FlordaPrince peaches is a major serious decay disease during cold storage in Egypt and worldwide, Infection of stone fruits may occur during blooming until harvest harvest which cause decay during cold storage. The effect of fungicide safe alternatives, (Chemical salts and Inducing resistance). The effect of fungicide safe alternatives, i.e. sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, potassium sorbate, potassium silicate,boric acid and salicylic acid, on growth of Monilinia laxa M. fructigena and Monilinia sp. as major pathogens on apricots and peaches ,was investigated at different concentrations ranged from 1000 ppm to 5000 ppm amended in PDA in vitro. Sodium bicarbonate at 1000 ppm completely suppressed the growth of the three isolates of Monilinia spp., Calcium chloride at 1000 ppm to 5000 ppm, did not show any suppression of M. laxa or Monilinia sp., while it suppressed M. fructigena when used at ≥4000 ppm. Potassium silicate did not show considerable effectiveness against different tested isolates of Monilinia spp. IC50 values (chemical concentration that reduce fungal growth to 50%) of sodium bicarbonate, potassium sorbate and salicylic acid on M. fructigena were less than 1000 ppm. On M. laxa, only sodium bicarbonate showed IC50 less than 1000 ppm, while the IC50 values of potassium sorbate and boric acid were less than 2000 ppm. Regarding Monilinia sp. sodium bicarbonate and potassium sorbate IC50 values were less than 1000 ppm. Generally, sodium bicarbonate, potassium sorbate and salicylic acid showed IC50 values less than 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, and 3000 ppm, respectively.   These salts and inducers at 3000 ppm, were used as three preharvest sprays starting at growth stage no. 64 and then repeated twice at 10 days intervals in orchard located at Qualyubia and Ismailia, during seasons 2015 and 2016. These salts and acids were also adopted at 3000 ppm on naturally infected or artificially inoculated fruits after harvest at growth stage no. 81 during season 2016. Sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, potassium sorbate and boric acid were the most effective treatments to control brown rot disease on apricots and peaches during cold storage at 0oC and 90% RH for 15 days and 30 days, either these chemicals were sprayed preharvest or adopted after harvest. These treatments maintained fruit quality regarding firmness and acidity.

he aim of the present study was to optimize the extraction conditions of green tea aqueous extract [green tea concentration (G) and extraction temperature (T)]. Response surface methodology was applied to determine the highest radical scavenging activity (RSA), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power (RP) of the prepared green tea extract. Effect of green tea aqueous extract prepared using the optimal conditions on the liver cirrhosis retardation in rats was also investigated. Two-factors central composite design was established to determine the effects of G or T and radical scavenging holding time as independent variables on RSA, FRAP and RP as dependent variables. The optimum G, T and holding time with maximum RSA were 1.0 %, 88.7 °C for 25 min, with a predicted RSA of 81.3 % (r2=0.9115) compared to the BHT, which had a scavenging value of 87.4 % at concentration 150 ppm and holding time 30 min The same predicted concentration and temperature obtained with the highest FRAP and RP were 2.566 and 1.687 with r2 0.9780 and 0.9550, respectively. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were 81.2 mg gallic acid equivalent and 33.5 mg quercetin equivalent per 100 ml green tea extract. The extract prepared at optimal conditions was used for treatment of cirrhotic rats by CCl4. Insignificant (P≥0.05) differences were observed between the green tea group and control group in obtained total protein or albumin values. Total protein and albumin were dramatically decreased in the group treated by CCL4.  The same trend was observed with studying the transaminase enzymes. Histopathological sections appeared the effect of green tea extract on the retardation of liver cirrhosis in rats.

Lentil and Chickpea seeds were used to investigated the effect of seed sprouting using tap and saline water on sprout growth, proximate analysis, energy, minerals content, anti-nutritional compounds and amino acid profile of sprouted samples comparing with dry seeds. Result revealed that higher NaCl concentration > 2000 ppm reduce sprouts radical length of both lentil and chickpea. Sterilized seeds sprouting using tap water and non-sterilized seeds sprouting using saline water decreased sprout moisture content and carbohydrate which resulting in reducing faecal and total coliform counts for both lentil and chickpea. Moreover these treatment increased protein content and energy, (Kcal /g) as compared with dry seeds and other treatments. Sprouting decreased antinutritional compounds compared with dry seeds with sharbly decreament in phytic acid followed by taninins content. Mineral content in sprouts were recorded. The chickpea sprout sample using steralized seeds with tap water for sprouting serve as good sources calcium and phosphorous . Amino acid profile of lentil and chickpea sprouts were also studied. Sprouts using saline water recorded higher lysine amino acid value compared with dry seeds while non-steralized chickpea seeds sprouts using saline water recorded the higher total sulpher amino acid (Methionen + Cystiean) value. Based on these results, sprouting process is recommended to increase nutritive value and decreased antinutritional compounds of lentil and chickpea seeds.

The wide and indiscriminate use of pesticides for pest control in agriculture has inflicted serious harm and problems to humans as well as to the biodiversity. Microbial degradation of pesticides in contaminated soils has been considered advantageous to decontaminate areas that have been polluted by pesticides. Chlorpyrifos and diazinon were the most persistent residues in Egyptian soils. Four bacterial isolates were isolated from organophosphorus insecticides contaminated soils and genetically identified based on DNA sequence of 16s rDNA gene, Cronobacter muytjensii GH10, Achromobacter xylosoxidans GH9OP, Pseudomonas aeruginosa GH2NO8 and Pseudomonas putida GH4SNO/P were able to degrade 92.59%, 97.75%, 91.82%, and 90.78% of diazinon (600mg/l) as compared with 16.99% in control and 93.43%, 78.51%, 93.18% and 95.36% of chlorpyrifos (480mg/l) as compared with 4.28%, in control, respectively after 20 days of incubation.

forts to try to overcome all obstacles to water supply in the short and long run. Especially in the light of contemporary changes, especially the construction of the Al-Nahda Dam, and therefore the aim of the research to identify the most important determinants of water resources in Egypt, in preparation for inclusion in a proposed mechanism for the promotion of water resources in Egypt.   The research aimed at analyzing the economics of water resources in Egyptian agriculture to identify the most important economic determinants facing the Egyptian water resources sector in general and the water uses in Egyptian agriculture in particular, as well as the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the Egyptian water sector.   The results of the statistical assessment of the econometric model of the Egyptian water resource determinants under the influence of water policies show that the supply of available water resources is increasing by about 210 million cubic meters due to the Egyptian government adopting water policies aimed at rationalizing the use of water in all aspects of life, The repercussions of the construction of the Al-Nahda Dam have been in recent times. The most important of these policies is the reduction of cultivated areas of water crops, the development of plant varieties and varieties of strategic crops with lower water consumption rates, the expansion of the application of wastewater treatment technology, the expansion and adoption of modern irrigation techniques, and the lining and clearing of canals, waterways and other policies. Especially in recent times.

The effect of benzyl adenine (BA) at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg l-1 on micropropagation of banana shoot tips was studied. This study also included the morphological responses of banana shoot tips especially with 0 & 6 mg l-1 of BA treatments in relation to some biochemical compositions (total soluble phenols, free amino acids, total soluble sugars, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids). Growth in 6  mg l-1 of BA resulted in increase in the most morphological parameters compared to the rest treatments. The results showed that 6 mg l-1 of BA treatment significantly increased fresh and dry weights, number of shootlets, shootlet and root length and number of leaves and roots/plantlet as compared without BA. Accumulation of total soluble sugars, free amino acids and chlorophylls was enhanced by 6 mg l-1 of BA while the reverse was true with the rest biochemical compositions (total soluble phenols and carotenoids). The biochemical status and BA treatment at 6 mg l-1 during micropropagation of shoot tips in banana may be important for the development and optimization of strategies for large scale propagation and germplasm conservation.

The main objective of this investigation was carried out to study the ability of utilizing greenhouse solar dryers for drying of corn in order to obtain the best quality of dried grains for using it as seeds with the least drying time, and comparing with the natural sun drying method. Thus, contributing to increase the productivity. Corn cv. (Giza 168) was used for the experimental work at initial moisture content of 31.73% on dry basis (d.b). Two different drying methods of corn were tested for drying of ear and shelled corn. The two methods were natural sun drying and solar drying using greenhouse type solar dryers at different air velocities (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s). The experiments were carried out in rice mechanization center at Meet El- Dyba, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during September 2016.   Experiment included the flowing variables   Two different drying methods (Solar drying method using greenhouse type solar dryer and natural sun drying method). Two different conditions of corn (complete ear-shelled corn). Three different air velocity (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s). High moisture ear and shelled corn was dried by using solar energy for heating air inside a greenhouse and compared with natural sun drying method. The results of quality tests that included standard germination test, vigor test and tetrazolium test for both drying methods for ear and shelled corn recorded high percentages for all treatments except solar drying of ear corn at air velocities 0.5 and 1.0 m/s. The average air temperature inside the solar dryer at air velocities 0.5 and 1.0 m/s reached to 43.9 and 42.4 ˚C respectively. High temperatures killed the germ of corn so the quality tests were reduced. Germination percentage of natural sun dried ear corn was 97 % and for solar dried samples at air velocities 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s was 79, 81, and 89%, respectively. The corresponding values for shelled corn were 93, 97 and 98 %.and 95 % for natural sun dried ones. The vigor test of dried ear corn recorded 90 for natural sun drying method and 34, 45, and 66% for solar drying at air velocities of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s, respectively. The corresponding values for shelled corn were 86, 96 and 97% respectively, and 82 for natural sun dried samples. The recorded drying times were 26, 24 and 28 hours to reduce the moisture content from an initial level of 31.73 to final level of 14.07% (d.b.) for ear corn and for shelled corn were 20, 16 and 24 hours to reduce the moisture content from an initial level of an initial level of 31.73 to final level of 14.07% (d.b.) for ear corn and for shelled corn were 20, 16 and 24 hours to reduce the moisture content from an initial level of 27.23% to 14.12% compared with 46 and 38 hours for ear and shelled corn dried by natural sun drying method. Hourly costs of ear corn drying were 0.95, 0.88, 1.00 and 1.03 L.E/ kg for solar drying at air velocities 0.5, 1.0 , 1.5m/s and natural sun drying respectively. The corresponding values for shelled corn were 0.74, 0.58, 0.89 and 0.96 L.E/ kg.

The present study deal with hydrolysis of lactose by kluyveromyces fragilis that grown in Whey and synthetic mediumandthe effect of incubated temperature and pH on enzyme activity Lactase (ß- galactosidase) that hydrolyze lactose in whey milk and synthetic medium .Also the conversion of glucose that released from lactose hydrolysis by kluyveromyces fragilis into fructose via addition of glucose isomerase. The present work showed that the optimum pH and incubated temperature were (4,35°C) respectively to optimum enzyme activity Lactase with total glucose reached 60.21 mg/ 100ml in whey medium and 58.61 mg/100ml in synthetic medium after 24 hours. In addition fructose content was 48.15 mg/100ml from released glucose in whey milk that confirmed due to the highest sweet syrup. In conclusion, this study indicated that ability of kluyveromyces fragilis to hydrolyze lactose in natural whey milk higher than synthetic medium.

Nanotechnology has become promise field as a new approach for pest managing in recent years. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using aqueous plant extract (Rosmary, Laura and Cardamom) and their concentrations against main stored grain insect pest (Sitophilus granarius), microbial contents and nutritive value. Wheat grain which were treated with Rosmary 5 showed 100% mortality for adults of S. granarius after 120 h., while the same efficacy of Laura5 and Cardamom 5 recorded after 144 h. LC50 and LC90 values of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were identified against S. granarius indicated that the toxicity of AgNPs varied according to the plant extractio and exposure period.The carbohydrate, fiber, fat, protien and ash content of the treated wheat grains were significantly higher than control. While, the microbial contents were not detected after treatments by most AgNPs concentrations. In conclusion, the synthesis of AgNPs with high amounts from each plant extract and lower concentration from AgNo3 (1 µg/ml) can be used as a valuable tool in pest management programs of S. granarius, reducing  microbial content, and increasing the nutrition values, that led to increase shelf life of stored wheat grain. The results showed that these compounds could be used as a source of bioactive compounds safely for ecosystem.