The effect of Antioxidant organic sulfur compounds on performance, prooxidant–antioxidant balance (PAB) of the Eimeria-infected broiler chickensBACKGROUND: Use of Garlic Powder (GP) and Total Sulfur Amino acid (TSAA) can improve redox status of broiler chickens fed with and infected by Eimeria and recover the negative effects of coccidiosis. OBJECTIVES: This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of GP and TSAA on feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and prooxidant–antioxidant balance (PAB) of the chickens challenged with Eimeria oocysts species mix. METHODS: A 2×2×2 split-plot-factorial arrangement of treatments was used. 400 day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were equally assigned to two plots (4 treatments each). Two hundred of the chickens were challenged with Eimeria oocysts species mix by oral inoculation at day 34 (infected plot) and the others were left as unchallenged (uninfected plot). In each plot, broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four treatments and fed one of following diets: basal diet, basal diet plus 0.5% GP, basal diet plus 50% more TSAA based on Ross 2009 recommendations, basal diet plus 0.5 % GP and 50% more TSAA based on Ross 2009 recommendations. RESULTS: The results showed that after inoculation birds with 7.5×102 Eimeria oocysts species mix significantly (p<0.05) reduced the FI to 20% and increased FCR to 14% and also increased serum PAB (p<0.05), especially for infected broilers that were fed with basal diet, however, supplementation of GP and TSAA were better for broiler chickens in infected plot than uninfected plot. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that addition of GP and TSAA to diet may recover the negative effects of coccidiosis  and  improve the performance and redox of broiler chickens infected by Eimeria.

A study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activities of allicin, one of the major essential oils of garlic, against some fish pathogenic bacteria as well as the toxic effect of allicin on monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Allicin 10% v/v solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used in this study. The bacterial species investigated were Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae, A. sobria, A. veronii, and Streptococcus iniae. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of allicin in DMSO against Aeromonas hydrophila was found to be 125 μg/mL, while ranged between 250–500 μg/mL for each of A. caviae, A. sobria, A. veronii. Interestingly, the MIC for Streptococcus iniae was 63 μg/mL. On contrary, allicin exists no bactericidal activity against any of the investigated bacteria. Allicin had high toxic effect on tilapia fingerlings while adult tilapia could tolerate it.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of garlic on egg per gram (EPG) count of feces for gastrointestinal parasites, live weight, and hematological parameters in Black Bengal goat. A total of 18 dry does of 18-22 months of age were divided into 3 groups as T0, T1 and T2; where, each group comprised of 6 goats. The goats of T0 were feed with normal feeds, whereas the goats of T1 and T2 were fed with normal feeds plus 25 mL and 50 mL of 10% water solution of garlic twice per day, respectively for 60 days. The EPG count was performed by McMaster counting chamber, and live weight was measured by digital electric balance. EPG count for gastrointestinal parasites was found significantly lower in the treatment groups as compared to T0. Weight gain was recorded significantly higher in the treatment groups. The hematological parameters like total leucocyte count (TLC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and total erythrocyte count (TEC) showed significant changes in the treatment groups. The study suggests that 10% water solution of garlic is a useful supplementation to decrease EPG count, body weight gain; thus, the 10% aqueous garlic solution can improve the general health condition of goat. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2015; 2(3.000): 326-331]

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of garlic (Allium sativum) with its immunomodulatory activity, on the susceptibility of broilers to infectious bursal disease, being an immunosuppressive disease. Materials and methods: Day-old broilers (102) were separated into 6 groups A-F of 17 each. Groups A, B and C had 0.125% of garlic-meal in feed. At 8 and 18 days of age groups A, C, D and F were administered IBD vaccine and groups B, C, D and E were infected with 1LD50 IBD virus (10-3.4 in 0.08ml PBS) via conjuctival instillation at 4 week-old. Clinical signs, mortality and gross pathological lesions were scored. Histopathological lesions in bursae of Fabricius were recorded. Virus antibody titre in serum was assayed at 1 day-old, 4 and 6 weeks-old using quantitative agar gel immunodiffusion test. Data generated was analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Duncans multiple comparison tests (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 275-281]

The study was conducted during summer (April-May) to investigate the growth performance of 120-day-old mixed-sex commercial broiler chicks (Cobb-400) by examining the dietary effects of different levels of garlic (Allium sativum) powder supplementation. In a 28-day experiment, four distinct diets (T1, T2, T3, and T4) were utilized, each containing varying amounts of dried garlic powder (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%). The effectiveness of garlic powder on feeding was evaluated by measuring weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, dressing yield, and survivability. The results showed that there were no significant differences in body weight gain among the treatment groups in the first seven days. However, significant differences were observed in broiler diets containing 0.5%, 1%, and 2% garlic powder during the 8-14, 15-21, and 22-28 day periods, with the highest body weight gain observed in birds fed a diet containing 1% garlic powder. Furthermore, significant enhancements (P<0.05) in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed by increasing the inclusion of garlic powder compared to the control group during specific age periods (1-7, 15-21, and 22-28 days), with the treatment group fed with 1% garlic powder exhibiting the most favorable FCR at the trial’s conclusion. Regarding feed intake and survivability, the study showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in broilers with different dietary treatments. The inclusion of garlic powder in broiler feed led to a notable decrease in fat content and an increase in dressing yield, with the highest yield achieved at a 1% supplementation level. Therefore, the study suggests that 1% garlic powder could be a potential feed additive to enhance the overall performance of the broiler.

Garlic and mugwort have long been used in traditional medicine to prevent various diseases. Several in vitro studies have reported protective efficacies of garlic and mugwort in cases of gastric cancer. In the present study, we investigated the cancer preventive effects of garlic and mugwort mixture extract (GME) in a Helicobacter (H.) pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis mouse model. To induce gastric cancer, C57BL/6 mice were treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and H. pylori. Various concentrations of GME (0, 100, 500, and 1,000 ppm) were then fed to the mice for 38 weeks, after which the tumor tissues were examined for histopathology, mucin histochemistry and ¥�-catenin. The incidence of gastric tumors was significantly lower in the highest dose GME-treated mice (46.7%) than control mice (85.7%) (p 0.05). The multiplicity and size of tumors were also significantly reduced by GME feeding in a dose-dependent manner (p 0.01). Furthermore, GME suppressed the H. pylori-associated chronic inflammation measured by histologic grading of H. pylori density, chronic gastritis, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in non-tumorous gastric mucosae. Our data suggest that GME suppresses gastric tumorigenesis via suppression of H. pylori-associated chronic inflammation.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of toltrazuril and fresh crushed garlic on the treatment of broiler chicks infected with coccidiosis. A hundred one-day old unsexed Cobb broiler chicks were used in this study. Chicks are classified into 5 equal groups (n=20 birds/group), Gp (1) contained 20 healthy broilers and acted as a negative control. Birds of groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were inoculated orally with 1x105 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) (field isolate) on the 14th day of age. Group 2 was experimentally infected, did not receive treatment and acted as a positive control. Group 3 was experimentally infected and treated with toltrazuril (1ml/liter drinking water) for two successive days. Group 4 was experimentally infected and treated with fresh crushed garlic (50 g/Kg ration) for 5 successive days. Group 5 was experimentally infected and treated with toltrazuril (1ml/liter drinking water) and fresh crushed garlic (25g/Kg ration) for 5 successive days. All birds were individually weighed at the beginning of the experiment, 1st and 10th days post treatment. Five birds from each group were sacrificed and two blood samples from each chick were collected for determination of erythrogram, MDA and CAT. Specimens from intestine were collected for histopathological study. The obtained results showed that the broilers infected with E. tenella had loss of appetite, depression, ruffled feathers, debility, dropped head and bloody diarrhea. Infected chicks with coccidia induced a significant decrease in the body weight, weight gain, RBCs, Hb, PCV%, platelets, and MCHC. Beside, an increase in FCR, MCV, MCH, and MDA assoiated with non-significant decrease in CAT was recorded. Infected birds treated with toltrazuril and garlic either alone or in a combination could recover birds from the clinical signs. Moreover, we recorded a significant increase in body weight, weight gain coupled with non significant increase in RBCs, Hb and PCV%, Platelet, MCHC and non-significant decrease in MCV and MCH compared with experimentally infected and non treated group (+ve control). Infected broilers with coccidiosiss induced pathological lesions in the small intestine represented as ruptured villi, and diffused haemorrhage. Treatment of the infeted birds with toltrazuril and garlic showed apparently normal mucosa, submucosa and muscularis mucosa with serosa. It could be concluded that the infected broiler chickens with E. tenella induced adverse effects in body performance, erythrogram and pathological changes. Treatment of infected chicks with toltrazuril and garlic led to disappearance of the clinical signs, improved body performane and pathological effects.

The therapeutic efficacy of two formulations, one containing garlic and other lead carbonate and acetate, camphor, neem and eucalyptus oils were assessed in 18 and 29 clinical cases of dermatological disorders in dogs, respectively. None of the preparation showed satisfactory results against mange infestation. Both the preparations were almost equally effective in cases of fungal and non-specific dermatitis.