A study was conducted to assess the quality control practices of both physical and chemical methods of evaluation adopted by feed mills in India while procuring the feed ingredients for preparing poultry feeds. Based on physical methods of evaluation of different feed ingredients, 6.4 % of lots were found to be inferior quality out of 2606 lots tested. The results indicated that the moisture content of grains procured during the period from October to December months was high whereas it was low from April to July. The protein content of soybean meal varied from 45.5 to 47.5% while its solubility varied from 72.1 to 83.2%. The rejection of raw material consignments was 7.85 %. The major reasons for rejection included high moisture, low protein, high level of sand amp; silica, adulteration / contamination with foreign materials. the findings of this study emphasis ther sgnificance of strict quality control measures to be adopted to ensure feed and food safety.

An investigation was carried out to assess the nurtional , texture profile, microbial and sensory quality of wafer cones. Refined wheat flour and water, lecthin oil, vegetable fat, baking powder, SMBS (Sodium Meta Bisulphite) were used for the preparation of the wafer cone. Treatments were prepared with casein powder at the rate of 3, 5 and 7 per cent for enriching the wafer cones and control samples were prepared by using refined wheat flour. The quality assessment for moisture, protein and fat was carried out using infrared analyser from NDC technologies. Sensory acceptability was assessed by 9- Point Hedonic Scale and results were analysed statistically.

A Study on the comaprative efficancy of two types of serial collapasible fish traps differning   rear end funnel opening was carried out. With respect to Type-1 trap having rectangular rear end funnel opening and Type-2 trap with elliptical rear end were fabricated. The experiment was carried out in fishing ground one nautical mile off  the coast of mandatam (Lat 09 degree 16.633 'N  long .. 0.79 degree 08.992 ') Feb 2015 to june 2015. significant differnce wasobserved with respect to catch rate of different species caught irrespective of the design of traps (Plt;0.05). The difference in shape of rear funnel opening was found to be responsible for the significant difference in the catch rear funnel opening was about 3 times higher catch rate of Type-1 trap with rectangular rear funnel opening was about three times higher (17.1 Nos/ soaking day) than that of Type-2 trap with elliptical shaped rear funnel opening (5.9 Nos./ soaking day). The impact of seasonal variation on the catch rate was found to be insignificant (Pgt; 0.05). Though Psammoperca waigensis was found to be the dominant specices in both  types of traps in terms of number, Epinephalus coioides ranked first in term  of weight and price per kilogram in both Type-1 and Type-2 traps. Irrespective of the types of traps tested, the higher catch rate, including all the species caught, and was observed during the month of February which directly increased the overall catch rate during February month. With respect to the behavior of different species caught in relation to the types of traps tested, Sarcocendrum rubrum was recorded only in Type-1 trap which had rectangular shaped rear funnel opening and Muraena sp was recorded only in Type-2 trap with elliptical shaped rear end of the funnel opening which served like a burrow and hence facilitated the entry of eel. Type -1 trap gave three times higher gross returns than Type-2 trap.

A 3 time calved cross bred Jersey cow with its 20 days old calf was presented to the outpatient medical unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal with the history of anorexia, mild respiratory distress and eruptions on the skin for a period of 10 days. General clinical examination revealed high temperature, anaemia, icteric conjunctival mucous membrane, enlarged prescapular amp; cutaneous lymph nodes, eruptions on the skin and presence of ticks on the body. Fine needle aspiration cytology of pre scapular lymph node and pheripheral blood smear examintaion confirmed theileriosis. Incidentally its 20 days old calf too had similar symptoms. Both the dam and the calf were treated with suitable therapeutic regimen including blood transfusion.

Nasal washings and faecal samples were collected from 110 cows during the period between July 2019 and June 2020 in and around the Orathandu, Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu to document the seasonal prevalence of Schistosoma nasale and Schistosoma spindale. These samples were processed and screened by using the standard parasitological techniques. Out of 110 nasal washings, 23 samples (20.9%) confirmed the Schistosoma nasale infection by the presence of eggs. No faecal samples could be detected positive for Schistosoma spindale infection during the study period

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) modification that enables molecular diagnosis and detection viable cells from diverse samples is based on the Viability PCR (V-PCR). In this study, we optimized V-PCR using a candidate L. plantarum probiotic strain and the technique performed efficiently in detecting live cells from an admixed suspension of live and dead cells. Application of the V-PCR on different probiotics strains (B. coagulans, L. plantarum and L. fermentum) also revealed a strong positive correlation in its performance across the strains tested even with an admixture of varied concentration of live and dead cells and different dilutions respectively (r=0.93 to 0.98). We obtained five and four commercial probiotics available for humans and animal use respectively from the market and tested for the recovery of total viable bacteria by agar pour plate method and also the count of viable bacteria by V-PCR. All commercial preparations when tested by the pour plate method recovered their listed viable counts except for the probiotic B and F, and C & G revealed lower counts (<1 to 2 log, and <3 to 4 log respectively) than the the manufacturer’s claims. A semi quantification approach using arbitrary density units with the universal 16S rRNA

The present study was performed to test the fertility of commercially procured sex-sorted frozen bull semen straws in crossbred cattle of Thiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu under field conditions. A total of 60 crossbred heifers and 60 crossbred cows were inseminated with sex-sorted semen straws containing 2 x 106 X-bearing, frozen spermatozoa from six different bulls. Early pregnancy diagnosis was performed around 28-30 day post insemination using commercially available kits. The pregnancy rates were 31.67 per cent (19/60) and 30.00 per cent (18/60) in heifers and cows, respectively and were 40.9 (9/22), 30.77 (4/13), 27.27 (3/14) and 18.18 (2/11) between cows in first, second, third and fourth calving, respectively. The mean pregnancy rates between animals inseminated with Jersey crossbred and Red Sindhi sex-sorted frozen bull semen were 30.00±5.0 and 31.25±6.9, respectively. The conception rate was not statistically significant (P>0.05) between the groups. Foetal sex determination at 65-80 days post insemination using ultrasonography confirmed female foetus in all the pregnancies. Hence, the present field trial concludes similar pregnancy rates with the commercially procured X-bearing sex-sorted frozen semen straws in crossbred cattle along with foetal sex determination revealing female foetus in all pregnant animals.

Two 8-week old Aseel chicks were presented for necropsy from a native chicken farm with the history of swollen left eyelid, dyspnoea, off feed, dullness and sudden death. Gross examination of the carcasses revealed swollen left eye with cheesy exudate on incision. Lungs revealed severe congestion, with multifocal grey consolidated areas (1-2 mm diameter) while, the intestinal lumen was clogged by numerous round worms. Histopathological examination of lungs revealed multifocal granulomatous area with central necrosis, presence of macrophages, lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells. Special staining with Periodic acid Schiff and Grocott-Gomori’s methenamine silver stain showed the presence of fungal hyphae and spores in the lung lesions. The fungus was identified as Aspergillus sp. by cultural examination. Intestines revealed numerous cut sections of worms with eosinophilic and mononuclear cell infiltration and were identified as Ascaridia galli. Eye lesion had multifocal mild to moderate mononuclear cell infiltration with osseous metaplasia of scleral cartilage in eyeball. Staphylococcus hyicus was isolated from the eye exudate by cultural examination. Etiological diagnosis revealed an outbreak of Aspergillosis, Ascariasis and Staphylococcal blepharitis in the farm.

A crossbred cow in her third parity was presented in the clinics with history of complete gestation period and dystocia. The three limbs were protruding through the vulva without further progress in delivery in spite of traction applied by local area veterinarian. Per vaginum examination revealed fetal monstrosity and a decision to perform subcutaneous fetotomy was taken which resulted in delivery of an ischiopagus monster.

A pluriparous crossbred Jersey cow in early lactation was reported to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Orathanadu with the history of anorexia, dull and depressed, coffee coloured urine and sternal recumbency for 3 days. On physical examination mucous membranes were slightly icteric, prescapular lymph node was of optimal size and presence of ticks on the surface of the body. Clinical examination revealed subnormal temperature (36.70 C), heart rate - 85 bpm, respiratory rate – 41 bpm (Tachypnoea). Hematology revealed PCV 51%, Hb – 5.2 g /dl and RBC – 3.2 mill/ cumm. Animal was treated with diminazene aceturate (Berenil® MSD Pvt. Ltd.,) @3.5 mg per kg body weight administered deep IM single dose, tranxanemic acid 10 ml IM, oxytetracycline @ 20 mg/ kg IV and supportive therapy for 5 days. Clinical improvement was observed on 7th day of treatement. This present case report describes successful management of Babesia bigemina infection in a transition cow.