In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was determined the influence of nutritional medium composition on pathogenic properties of leptospirosis bacteria, by an example of 6 pathogenic strains: Leptospira pomona; Leptospira tarassovi; Leptospira grippothyphosa; Leptospira icterrohaemorragia; Leptospira conicola; Leptospira hardjo. During the study there were used the following media: serum-supplemented vitaminized medium on the basis of buck serum; serum-supplemented medium with a growth factor; serum-supplemented vitaminized medium with antlbody biosynthesis growth factor; semisynthetic Russel's medium. According to the results of realized studies there was developed a correlation between terms of leptospirosis bacteria survivability in laboratory animals depending on cultivation medium. In course of the study there were analyzed terms of Leptospira persistence in guinea pigs.

The research was realized by an example on 30 chickens aged 1, 10, 20, 30 60-days old, and 10 hens: 4-months, one-year-old and 2-year-old in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. All poultry stock was maintained in the conditions of industrial production at the Gorodokskaya Poultry Farm of Vitebsk region (Belarus). As a result of the study there was revealed a certain pattern of variation of a quantity of active forms of enzymes in organs chickens of different age. Application of histochemical methods made it possible to reveal different levels of metabolic processes in cellular elements of thyroid gland, which demonstrated the habit of formation and functioning of the organ at different stages of postnatal ontogenesis in hens. Coefficients of acid phosphatase activity in thyrocytes of thyroid gland of hens and indexes of alkaline phosphatase activity in secretion forming cells were analyzed. | Исследование провели на 30 цыплятах в возрасте 1-, 10-, 20-, 30- 60-дней, и 10 курах: 4-месячные молодки, годовалые и 2-летние особи. Все поголовье птицы содержалось в условиях промышленного производства на Городокской птицефабрике Витебской области. В результаты исследований установлена определенная закономерность изменения количества активных форм ферментов в органах птиц разного возраста. Использование гистохимических методов позволило выявить разные уровни метаболических процессов в клеточных элементах щитовидной железы, которые демонстрируют характер становления и функционирования органа на разных этапах постнатального онтогенеза кур. В табличной форме представлены коэффициенты активности кислой фосфатазы в тироцитах щитовидной железы кур и показатели активности щелочной фосфатазы в секретообразующих клетках.

On the basis of realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus research it was established, that Cryptosporidial infection was found at adult and young pigs. The data on influence studying cryptosporidiosis invasion on pathomorphological changes in internal organs of piglets in the conditions of an associative course with infectious. Associative diseases give clearer clinical findings and proceed much harder, with heavier morphological changes. The majority of diseases in the conditions of an associative course proceeds harder in comparison with a mono-infection or invasion. In the conditions of mono-invasion the basic changes are localized in small intestines, causing acute and subacute catarrhal enteritis and a serous inflammation of regional mesenteric lymphonodus. These histological processes are presented as non-uniform locus of infection of a mucous membrane of intestines with atrophy of villus, hypertrophy of crypth and mononuclear polymorphic-nuclear infiltration of basal membranes. In the conditions of association of Cryptosporidial infection with infectious diseases it was noted that the pathomorphological changes progress and are showed not only by catarrhal, but also by hemorrhagic and local necrotic enteritis. Epithelium of mucous membrane is exposed to desquamation, intestines walls become thinner because of meteorism. Thick intestines are also involved into inflammatory process. Associations of Cryptosporidial infection with infectious diseases lead to development of severe pathomorphological changes in intestines. Alteration has prevailing character that is expressed in progressive development of atrophic, dystrophic processes and decline of cells and tissues that conducts to increase of permeability of vessels and proliferation of cells of reticuloendothelial system. | На основании проведенных исследований установлено, что криптоспоридиозная инвазия выявляется у поросят. Представлены данные по изучению влияния инвазии криптоспоридиоза на патоморфологические изменения во внутренних органах поросят при ассоциативном течении с инфекционными болезнями. Ассоциативные заболевания дают более яркую клиническую картину и протекают гораздо тяжелее, с более выраженными морфологическими изменениями в организме. Большинство болезней при ассоциативном течении протекает более тяжело в сравнении с моноинфекцией или инвазией. При моноинвазии основные изменения локализуются в тонком кишечнике, вызывая острый и подострый катаральный энтериты и серозное воспаление регионарных брыжеечных лимфоузлов. Гистологические данные процессы представлены, как неоднородные участки инфицирования слизистой оболочки кишечника с атрофией ворсинок, гипертрофией крипт и мононуклеарной полиморфнооядерной инфильтрацией базальной мембраны. При ассоциации криптоспоридиоза с инфекционными заболеваниями патоморфологические изменения прогрессируют и проявляются не только катаральным, но геморрагическим и очаговым некротическим энтеритами. Эпителий слизистой оболочки подвергается десквамации, стенки кишечника истончаются вследствие метеоризма. В воспалительный процесс также вовлекается толстый кишечник. Ассоциации криптоспоридиоза с инфекционными заболеваниями приводят к развитию в кишечнике тяжелых патоморфологических изменений. Альтерация имеет преобладающих характер, что выражается в прогрессивном развитии атрофических, дистрофических процессов и некроза клеток и тканей, что ведет к повышению проницаемости сосудов и пролиферации клеток ретикулоэндотелиальной системы.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was analyzed the influence of mycotoxins on state of energy metabolism and development of energy deficient states of bred and milking sows maintained in the production breeding conditions. Clinical status of sows was characterized by concurrent mycotoxicoses. As a result of action of mycotoxins in sows there was developed an energy deficiency and state of acidosis. The mentioned above changes played an important part in the pathogenesis of mycotoxicosis. There were presented the following results: analysis of groups of pregnant sows and suckling-pigs; the content of mycotoxins in mixed fodders; symptoms revealed at sows and pigs; indexes of carbohydrate and lipide exchanges in blood of sows; the content of trace elements in blood of sows; gas composition of sow blood. | Исследования проведены на супоросных и подсосных свиноматках, содержащихся в условиях промышленной технологии. Клинический статус свиноматок характеризовался сочетанным микотоксикозом. В результате действия микотоксинов у свиноматок развились энергодефицит и состояние ацидоза. Данные изменения являются важной составной частью патогенеза при микотоксикозах. В табличной форме представлены группы супоросных и подсосных свиноматок, содержание микотоксинов в комбикормах, симптомы, выявленные у свиноматок и поросят, показатели углеводного и липидного обменов в крови свиноматок, содержание макроэлементов в крови свиноматок, газовый состав крови свиноматок.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied the formation of nonspecific protection factors of the first year foals. By a principle of conditional analogues there was generated a group of clinically healthy foals at which monthly from bulbar veins there were taken tests of blood for hematological and biochemical analysis. From the obtained data it was visible, that within the first year of foal life there were taking place the processes of formation of nonspecific protection factors of an organism which were accompanied by a gradual increasing of quantity of erythrocytes, haemoglobin, leukocytes, certain change in the diagramme, and also increasing of bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum. However, at seven-month age there was marked a considerable decrease in number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, concentration of haemoglobin, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum is marked, in leukogram share reduction of segmented neutrophils, and at the same time, the content of eosinocytes and lymphocytes increased. It testified the decreasing of protective forces of an organism during this period. Consequently, the seventh month in the postnatal period of foal life proved to be the most critical.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized creation and evaluation of growth activity of serum and albuminous nutritional media. In the experiment there were used of 6 pathogenic strains: Leptospira pomona; Leptospira tarassovi; Leptospira grippothyphosa; Leptospira icterrohaemorragia; Leptospira conicola; Leptospira sejroe. For the Leptospira cultivation there were used the following media: serum-supplemented vitaminized medium on the basis of buck serum; serum-supplemented medium with a growth factor; serum-supplemented vitaminized medium with antlbody biosynthesis growth factor; semisynthetic Russel's medium in modification of V.I. Sitkov. Research results showed that the albuminous nutritional medium provided an intensive accumulation of Leptospira of all tested serogroups of Leptospira, but was suitable only for single bacterial inoculation. For the secondary hatching the albuminous media was unsuitable as it lowered the antigenic activity of Leptospira.

As a result of realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus research it was revealed that application of immunostimulative drugs of sodium thyosulphate and vitamin С (ascorbic acid) in combination with a vaccine against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and streptococcosis of pigs promoted the statistically authentic increasing of leukocytes, absolute quantity of T- and B-lymphocytes content in peripheral blood. Also, it promoted the activation of phagocytic activity and digested ability of neutrophils; activization of mieloblastic hemopoiesis and decreasing of erythrocytopoiesis; activization of morphological reactions in a tissue at a place of administration of the vaccine, lymphatic nodules and spleen. | Проведенные исследования показали, что применение иммуностимуляторов натрия тиосульфата и витамина С с вакциной против сальмонеллеза, пастереллеза и стрептококкоза свиней способствует статистически достоверному повышению в периферической крови содержания лейкоцитов, абсолютного количества Т- и В-лимфоцитов, активизации фагоцитарной активности и перевариваемой способности нейтрофилов; активизации миелобластического кроветворения и снижению эритропоэза; активизации морфологических реакций в ткани на месте введения вакцины, лимфоузлах и селезенке.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was studied sterility, harmlessness and immunoactivity of an obtained production vaccine against swine pasteurellosis by an example of laboratory animals – white mice and rabbits. Research results showed that the obtained vaccine was sterile and harmless for the laboratory animals, and had a high immunogenic activity. The analyzed vaccine prevented disease incidence of white mice after its double application in dose of 0,1 ml per animal and after a single immunization of mice in dose of 0,2 ml per animal. The inactivated vaccine caused the formation of immunity of rabbits after double immunization in dose of 1 ml per animal with 14 days interval and provided 100% vitality of animals.

Belarus concerns a biogeochemical province with the lowered content in environment of such microelements, as iodine, selenium, copper, cobalt, manganese, zinc and some other. It conducts to infringement of intensity and an orientation of processes of an exchange of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and finally - to decrease in their growth and development of an organism of young growth. High cost of foreign preparations for treatment and preventive maintenance of an alimentary anaemia, low bioavailability of iron and toxicity do not provide purposeful disesase control and immunodeficiencies arising on its background. The special urgency is got by research of means of complex preventive maintenance of an alimentary anaemia and immunodeficiencies. It has been established that the recipes N1-3 have proved to be non-toxic for laboratory animals and have no effect on the meat quality.

Analysis of veterinary and sanitary examination and quality of cattle slaughter products after cattle clamidiosis was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus from April, 2004 till January, 2006. Over all these research periods there were studied 1579 cattle heads and their slaughter products. The usual salting of meat and other products with the purpose of their clearing from chlamydiosis was unsuitable for practical application. Due to long-term (1,5-9 months) persistence of chlamydia in parenchymal organs for the prevention of people infection and chlamydiosis spreading it is necessary to realize slaughter of diseased animals at a diseased animal slaughter house or in a killing department at the end of working shift with observance of measures of individual preventive maintenance and the subsequent disinfection of a premise, the equipment, stock and tools.