Grazing cattle are vulnerable to the harmful effects of gastrointestinal parasites. Organically farmed cattle are even more so because conventional antiparasitic treatments are restricted, yet parasite infection patterns in Polish organic herds remain poorly documented.

Neuropeptide nesfatin-1, a nucleobindin-2 derivative, plays a role in regulating food intake, energy metabolism and body weight. It also interacts with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and has functions in the reproductive system. However, its impact on the canine reproductive tract has not been well documented. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of nesfatin-1 in canine ovarian activity and uterine function.

Over the past three decades, emerging epidemiological evidence has shown the increasing incidence and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). As a result, clinical awareness of the impact these organisms have on both human and animal health has grown.

Staphylococci commonly colonise the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals, the close contact between which may promote interspecies transmission of these microorganisms and determinants of drug resistance.

Neurokinin B (NKB), dynorphin A (Dyn A) and kisspeptin (KiSS) are key agents that participate in the neuroendocrine regulation of the development and functioning of the reproductive system. While the role of KiSS is better understood, the functions of NKB and Dyn A at the pituitary level have not been elucidated. The objective of our study was to analyse their direct effect on kisspeptin-10 (KiSS-10) secretion by anterior pituitary cells isolated from pubescent ewes.

The aim of this article was to review current knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the avian eye and ocular diseases in poultry. The avian visual organ consists of the eye and extraocular organs and, unlike the mammalian eye, is characterised by many structural and functional adaptations that enhance vision. Avian eyes do not have the same functions as mammalian eyes. Bird eyes have high sensory sensitivity and are capable of constellation recognition for star orientation and navigation; they may be regarded as the finest ocular organs in the animal kingdom. It is generally accepted that the considerable differences in the morphology and function of avian eyes are largely due to adaptations to specific activities and environmental conditions. Eye diseases are rarely diagnosed in poultry because, unlike livestock and pets, detailed ophthalmological examinations are not carried out on farmed birds. Nevertheless, poultry are frequently affected by ocular pathologies, including developmental abnormalities, infectious and non-infectious diseases, degenerative processes, tumours, injuries and pathological conditions of unknown aetiology. In poultry, ocular disease is often associated with respiratory and systemic disease. Ocular pathology in farmed birds has a complex aetiology and its incidence can be reduced by controlling the incubation parameters of hatching eggs, avoiding feeding errors in breeder flocks and rearing poultry under conditions that optimise welfare and comply with biosecurity standards.

In this study, we aimed to assess the protective capacity of the eggshell against radiation and the impact of ionizing radiation on the embryonic development process in quail eggs exposed to varying doses of radiation during incubation. A total of 740 quail eggs were divided into six groups, each exposed to different doses of ionizing radiation. Throughout the incubation period, we monitored hatching rates and examined hatched chicks for potential pathologies. Additionally, over six months, we conducted routine weekly examinations and observed the sexual activity of mature quails. At the study's conclusion, clinical pathology was not observed, and there were no mass mortalities. Quails whose laying activities were monitored exhibited normal sexual behavior. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in hatching rates among the main study groups (p<0.001). Specifically, Group VI, exposed to the highest levels of X-rays, exhibited significantly lower hatching rates compared to Groups I and V (p<0.001). These findings suggest that the quail eggshell provides some protection against ionizing radiation, as evidenced by the absence of anomalies and the high hatching rates observed in the chicks.

The concept of hygiene has become more important today due to pandemic infections. Many products on the market have been licensed, but whose antibacterial effectiveness has not been checked later. For this reason, the study aimed to determine the antibacterial activities of surface disinfectants available in the market for public and personal use, based on the international standard. Eight different surface disinfectants, licensed from the authority and for public and personal use, were collected and processed without any dilution (100%). In the study, standard strains Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 10536), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeroginosa) (ATCC 15442) were used. Exposure conditions; it was done for 5 minutes and under clean conditions (0.3 g/L bovine albumin solution) at room temperature (22-24℃). It was determined that the eight surface disinfectants included in the study showed different levels of antibacterial activity. When the logarithm differences and antibacterial activities of surface disinfectants are examined as percentages; while the logarithm difference of three disinfectants against the three bacteria examined was ≥ 5; the logarithm difference of five disinfectants against two bacteria is ≥ 5; the percentage of those effective against all three bacteria was 37.5%; the percentage of those effective against both bacteria was found to be 62.5%. Due to the improprieties detected in the antibacterial activities of the surface disinfectants examined, when their antibacterial activities are examined, although they are licensed, it is seen that the products do not provide the specified antibacterial activity. The selection of disinfectants used to neutralize bacteria that cause infections, the determination of their antibacterial activities, and the sustainability of the determined antibacterial activity are of great importance. For this reason, it is necessary to check the antibacterial activities of disinfectants even after the registration stage and to select disinfectants according to their effectiveness to prevent infections.

The aim of this study was to report the contribution of different antiseptics to clinical improvement during intravesical lavage in cats with urethral obstruction problems. Urethral obstruction (UO) is a problem mostly encountered in male cats, requiring urgent intervention with a high success rate in the inferior urinary system. A total of 42 cats of different breeds and ages were evaluated, and the first medical treatment was applied, but no urine output was detected. All cases were randomly divided into 3 different groups and one-time intravesical lavage was performed with different fluids: GI (0.9% saline), GII (Dimethyl sulphoxide) and GIII (lugol’s solution). The controls performed on the 7th, 14th, and 30th days of the study showed similar results in all cases, and no statistically significant difference was determined. As a result, it was concluded that lugol’s solution can be used as a new alternative to DMSO antiseptic, which is the only agent approved for treatment by the US Food and Drug Administration, when performing intravesical lavage in cats with urethral obstruction.

Infections with Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 can lead to severe health complications. This pathogen is commonly found in contaminated meat and fresh produce, posing significant public health risks. The Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) method offers a rapid and accessible alternative to conventional nucleic acid amplification techniques, making it particularly suitable for on-site diagnostic systems. This study aimed to design a quick method using LAMP to detect the rfbE gene of E. coli O157:H7. E. coli ATCC 43888 was used as the positive control, while Candida albicans ATCC 10231, E. coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 served as negative controls. Positive and negative controls were tested 10 times each for both analyses. Following DNA isolation, real-time PCR and LAMP were performed and compared with culture methods. For the positive control strain (E. coli ATCC 43888) at 10 CFU/mL, positivity was detected in 8 out of 10 samples by real-time PCR and in 7 out of 10 samples by LAMP. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of LAMP and real-time PCR were 95.00%–96.67%, 100%–100%, 94.34%–96.15%, and 100%–100%, respectively. In conclusion, our study successfully developed a rfbE gene-specific LAMP kit for E. coli O157, demonstrating comparable sensitivity and specificity to real-time PCR and culture methods. This kit can be effectively utilized in resource-limited settings.