John's disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic mycobacterial infection that affectsruminants, adversely, leading to huge economic losses throughout the world. Theestimation of sero-prevalence and molecular confirmation of this disease in the cattlepopulation of south-Iraq were the objectives of this study. One of the diagnostic toolsused to detect an antibody in plasma samples was the Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay, indirect-ELISA was used to diagnose and estimate the sero-prevalenceof paratuberculosis in cattle. Out of 156 bovine plasma samples, 81 (51.9%) werepositive and this MAP-seroprevalence is not significantly connected to age or breedof cows (P>0.05). In this study, a PCR-based detection of IS900, distinct insertionsequences of MAP from the buffy coat of seropositive cattle (n = 81) were used as aconfirmative diagnosis. The positive PCR-based detection of IS900 was observed inanimals having high S:P% ELISA values (n=29 :35.8%).

The present study was carried out in ewes to investigate the causes of dystocia andeconomic effect, reared in Basrah governorate (Basra – Iraq ) .The current study was started from August 2017 to May 2018 , and conductedon 60 ewes,1.5-10 years old. Animals were divided into two groups,First treated group: 40 ewes suffered from dystocia. and theSecond normal group: 20 ewes with normal parturition served as a healthy control.Ewes with dystocia were diagnosed on the bases of clinical inspection .The study showed that the ewes that suffered from dystocia have a low serumlevel of calcium compared with control group.

Currents study was designed to investigations about Klebsiella pneumoniaeinfection in sheep then evaluation its effects in mouse by experimentally infectionField study conducting on examination of one hundred100 sheep's lungs in KerbalaProvince, these lungs were send to laboratory of microbes for microbial examine.Results showed 44 % of lungs samples were infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae;18% of samples were negative for bacterial examination and the others 38 sampleswere infected with different type of bacteria but not frequently occurs as Klebsiella eLaboratory study, the isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae used to induce experimentalinfection in mice. Thirty 30 mixed mice at age of (4-6) weeks were used andsubdivided in to three 3 group; 1st contains 10 ten males injected with 0.25ml.IP. (1.5*10) suspension of bacteria; 2nd contains 10 ten females injected with 0.25ml.IP. (1.5*10) suspension of bacteria; 3rd contains mixed ten mice injected with Distilled Water.Scarified 4 four animals were done at the end of one week's until last 4 four week.Samples of tissues (liver, Kidney, lung, spleen, testes, uterus) were taken from eachmouse. Maine pathological lesions in lung of sheep infected with Klebsiellapneumoniae were suppurative broncho pneumonia, giant cell infiltration andgranulomatous foci. Tissues samples of experimentally infected mice showed generalabscesses at 1-2 weeks of infection, necrosis with granuloma and giant cell infiltrationat 3-4 weeks of infection. Conclusion: Klebsiella pneumoniae infects lung sheep and cause chronic suppurative pneumonia due to presence of giant cell as well asexperimentally infects mice and causes general suppurative and granulomatouslesions

This study was conducted to prepare a database about hair follicles of Shami goat skin and to compare itwith that of Black goat. To achieve this goal, a comparative topographic histological study of 10 areas ofShami goat skin and similar areas of the Black goat skin was performed. Samples of 10 male animals (5)Shami goats and (5) Black goats used in this study were clinically healthy, 1-2 years old . Hair follicles inmost studied areas were of the composite type of primary and secondary hair follicles in both animals exceptfor the ventral surface area of the tail where primary follicles were present only. The length of hair folliclesin Black goats of all studied areas was longer than that of Shami goats. However, the depth of hair folliclesin skin of Shami goats was significantly lower than that of Black goats, indicating that the angle of hairfollicles in Shami goats is greater than those of Black goats. The follicles in Black goats were larger thanthose of Shami goats, indicating that the Shami goats hair was softer than that of Black goats. Shami goatshair had softness more than that of Black goat' hair. This softness is attributed to the increases the ratio ofsecondary hair follicles to primary hair follicles in Shami goats in most studied areas compared with those inBlack goats. The follicular arrangement was studied in both species, however, the triangular arrangement ofthe follicles was predominant in both animals except for the ventral area of the tail, where the trio folliculararrangement appeared only in the Shami goats and did not appear in the Black goats where they spreaduniformly and not in groups.

The results in present study are illustrated that the effects of different levels of NSseeds and RO leaves on in vitro gas production, rumen fermentation, fatty acidscomposition and the apparent biohydrogenation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acidsusing rumen liquor from Dorper lambs. The NS seeds and RO leaves weresupplemented at the rate of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% (w/w) DM of basal substrate [60%forage (urea treated rice straw) and 40% concentrate] and incubated for 24 h at 39°C.Substrates containing RO and NS had greater (P<0.05) gas production than the controlsubstrates. The volume of gas produced increased as the levels of RO and NSincreased up to 1.5% and decreased afterwards. Supplementation of RO and NS did not affect (P>0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro organic matterdigestibility, rumen pH, CH4 and NH3-N, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and themolar proportion of acetate, propionate and butyrate. The RO supplements reduced theruminal concentration of C18:0 and increased the ruminal concentration of C18:1n-9in a dose dependent manner. The supplementation of RO leaves reduced (P<0.05) theapparent biohydrogenation of C18:1n-9 but had no effect (P>0.05) on the apparentbiohydrogenation of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3.

Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is a versatile opportunistic pathogen that causes awide spectrum of pathologies. In rabbits, this bacterium infects dermal lesions causingsuppurative dermatitis, and invades subcutaneous tissues, causing different wellknowndisease conditions such as mastitis, abscesses (subcutaneously or affectinginternal organs) and pododermatitis. The aim of the study is to update the knowledgeon rabbit Staphylococcosis by focusing mainly on the different histopathologicchanges. Twenty rabbits were used as laboratory animal models in an experimentdesigned to study the pathogenesis of S. aureus. A dose of (1x108 CFU/ml) of aRifampicin-resistant S.aureus was given through the following routes: Intratracheal(IT), andsterile distilled water was given by same route to a group of rabbits used ascontrol.There were difference in temperature and body weights among treated animalsand control,but it were statistically significant(P˂0.05).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of graveola and extract ofeucalyptus productions on liver regeneration. 16 mature males rabbit were used. Theanimals were divided into two equal groups. The animals were anesthetized byketamine and xylazine as general anesthesia. The animals were anesthetized byatropine sulphate (1mg /Kg B.W) intramuscularly as premedication and 15 minuteslater a mixture of xylazine hydrochloride (20mg /Kg B.W) and Ketaminehydrochloride (40 mg /Kg B.W) intramuscularly. After anesthetized the rabbits andpreparation the site of operation was done in the upper part of abdomen, then Surgicalincision was done and exposure of fourth lobe of the live. The liver handling bythump forceps and the stitches was done on the lobe. Three knots were tied anddissecting scissors were used to cut the tied lobe just distal to the suture. Then theabdominal wall was approximated with a running 3-0 Polyglactin suture, and theskin was closed with a running 2-0 polyamide suture. And after hepatoctomy dividedthe animals to two equal groups; first group give the graveola orally and second groupgive the extracted eucalyptus orally too for 15 days . The clinical parameters includedtemperature, respiratory , and heart rates, were within acceptable limits postoperatively in all animals in two groups. The intra-abdominal adhesions in differentdegrees of evaluations and occurred among liver, different organs and abdominal wallthat more frequency in graviola group when compared with another treated group.Histopathological Examinations was done by taken the liver biopsies on 15th day postoperatively. The histopathological results of this study revealed that the liver regeneration similar maturity in two groups

The present study was designed to show the potential role of zinc oxide nanoparticles againstthe toxicity of L. donovani. The study were conducted on 15 adult male rats that arranged inthree groups (5 rates for each), The control group that received normal saline, The second is thegroup with rats injected with L. donovani at dose rate of 1.2× 1 0 6 cell/ 0.2ml . intraperitoneally,The third group is rats injected with L. donovani at a dose rate of 1.2× 1 0 6 cell/ 0.2ml andtreated with50ug/kg of ZnO-NPs for two weeks. The results show a high significant increased (P< 0.05) in levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and a high significant decreased (P < 0.05) inlevels of GSH, catalase in the second group compared with the controls. The results of thirdgroup showed non-significant changes (P < 0.05) in all parameters compared with controls whenusing green zinc oxide nanoparticles. The results of the histopathological study of sectionsprepared from animals of the second group indicated a thickening wall of bronchiole in mostregions with sever lymphocytes infiltration and damage in wall of alveoli. However , Aftertreatment, the sections that prepared from the third group show a semi-normal structure ofbronchiole, alveolar sac and alveoli. It has been was concluded that green zinc oxidenanoparticles have the true been potential role against the toxicity of L. donovani in adult malerats.

The genus Salmonella is one of the most important enteric pathogens, over the worldSalmonella Entritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are the two most widespread serotypes thatlead to salmonellosis in human and animals and are often transferred to humans by infectedanimals and their products. The present study was conducted to compare the culture methods, API20E test and PCR assays for detection of Salmonella spp. isolated from 300 different samplescollected from various sources included healthy and infected human, cows ,chickens, chickenseggs and other sources. To achieve this goal three selective media were used included (XLD, S.S.and KIA agar) in addition to using the chromogenic salmonella media and the result of culturingwas compared with the results of API 20E test and PCR assays . We find that the using ofchromogenic media and PCR assay for detection of Salmonella spp. is more current and efficientthan using selective media and/or API 20E.

During the period from January 2014 to the end of July 2014, a total of 21 fishes belongingto two species of the family Ephippidae (Platax teira and P. orbicularis) were captured fromIraqi marine waters, northwest Arab Gulf. The study revealed the existence of one species ofmonogenean, Sprostoniella multitestis from gills of both fish species. The record of S.multitestis in the present study is considered as the first record in the Iraqi territorial waters ofthe Arab Gulf and both P. teira and P. orbicularis are new host records for this parasite in theArab Gulf.