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Estimation of Phosphorus Reduction from Wastewater by Artificial Neural Network, Random Forest and M5P Model Tree Approaches
2020
Kumar, S. | Deswal, S.
This study aims to examine the ability of free floating aquatic plants to remove phosphorus and to predict the reduction of phosphorus from rice mill wastewater using soft computing techniques. A mesocosm study was conducted at the mill premises under normal conditions, and reliable results were obtained. Four aquatic plants, namely water hyacinth, water lettuce, salvinia, and duckweed were used for this study. The growth of all the plants was inhibited in rice mill wastewater due to low pH, high chemical oxygen demand, high conductivity, and high phosphorus concentration. Subsequently, a 1:1 ratio of mill water to tap water was used. A control was maintained to assess the aquatic plant technology. In this study, the aquatic plants reduced the total phosphorus content up to 80 % within 15 days. A comparison between three modeling techniques e.g. Artificial neural network (ANN), Random forest (RF) and M5P has been done considering the reduction rate of total phosphorus as predicted variable. In this paper, the data set has been divided in two parts, 70 % is used to train the model and residual 30 % is used for testing of the model. Artificial neural network shows promising results as compared to random forest and M5P tree modelling. The root mean square error (RMSE) for all the three models is observed as 0.0162, 0.0204 and 0.0492 for ANN, RF and M5P tree, respectively.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Evaluation of PM2.5 Emissions in Tehran by Means of Remote Sensing and Regression Models
2020
Jafarian, H. | Behzadi, S.
Defined as any substance in the air that may harm humans, animals, vegetation, and materials, air pollution poses a great danger to human health. It has turned into a worldwide problem as well as a huge environmental risk. Recent years have witnessed the increase of air pollution in many cities around the world. Similarly, it has become a big problem in Iran. Although ground-level monitoring can provide accurate PM2.5 measurements, it has limited spatial coverage and resolution. As a result, Satellite Remote Sensing (RS) has emerged as an approach to estimate ground-level ambient air pollution, making it possible to monitor atmospheric particulate matters continuously and have a spatial coverage of them. Recent studies show a high correlation between ground level PM2.5, estimated by RS on the one hand, and measurements, collected at regulatory monitoring sites on the other. As such, the present study addresses the relation between air pollution and satellite images. For so doing, it derives RS estimates, using satellite measurements from Landsat satellite images. Monitoring data is the daily concentration of PM2.5 contaminants, obtained from air pollution stations. The relation between the concentration of pollutants and the values of various bands of Landsat satellite images is examined through 19 regression models. Among them, the Ensembles Bagged Trees has the lowest Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE), equal to 21.88. Results show that this model can be used to estimate PM2.5 contaminants, based on Landsat satellite images.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Forests under climate change and air pollution: Gaps in understanding and future directions for research
2012
Matyssek, R. | Wieser, G. | Calfapietra, C. | de Vries, W. | Dizengremel, Pierre | Ernst, D. | Jolivet, Yves | Mikkelsen, T. N. | Mohren, G. M. J. | Le Thiec, Didier | Tuovinen, J. -P. | Weatherall, A. | Paoletti, E. | Technische Universität Munchen - Technical University Munich - Université Technique de Munich (TUM) | Dept Alpine Timberline Ecophysiol ; Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests | Natl Res Council ; Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol | Environm Syst Anal Grp ; Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | Inst Biochem Plant Pathol ; Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health | Biosystems Division [Roskilde] ; Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU) ; Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)-Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU) | Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group [Wageningen] ; Centre for Ecosystem Studies [Wageningen] ; Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)-Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) | Natl Sch Forestry ; Univ Cumbria | National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) | EU Commission
Forests in Europe face significant changes in climate, which in interaction with air quality changes, may significantly affect forest productivity, stand composition and carbon sequestration in both vegetation and soils. Identified knowledge gaps and research needs include: (i) interaction between changes in air quality (trace gas concentrations), climate and other site factors on forest ecosystem response, (ii) significance of biotic processes in system response, (iii) tools for mechanistic and diagnostic understanding and upscaling, and (iv) the need for unifying modelling and empirical research for synthesis. This position paper highlights the above focuses, including the global dimension of air pollution as part of climate change and the need for knowledge transfer to enable reliable risk assessment. A new type of research site in forest ecosystems ("supersites") will be conducive to addressing these gaps by enabling integration of experimentation and modelling within the soil-plant-atmosphere interface, as well as further model development. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Challenges in quantifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange of nitrogen species
2007
Sutton, M.A. | Nemitz, E. | Erisman, J.W | Beier, C. | Butterbach Bahl, K. | Cellier, Pierre | de Vries, W. | Cotrufo, F. | Skiba, U | Di Marco, C. | Jones, S. | Laville, Patricia | Soussana, Jean-François | Loubet, Benjamin | Twigg, M. | Famulari, D. | Whitehead, J. | Gallagher, M.W. | Neftel, A. | Flechard, C.R. | Herrmann, B. | Calanca, P.L. | Schjoerring, J.K. | Daemmgen, U. | Horvath, L. | Tang, Y.P. | Emmett, B.A. | Tietema, A. | Penuelas, J. | Kesik, M. | Brueggemann, N. | Pilegaard, K. | Vesala, T. | Campbell, C.L. | Olesen, J.E. | Dragosits, U. | Theobald, M.R. | Levy, P. | Mobbs, D.C. | Milne, R. | Viovy, N. | Vuichard, N. | Smith, J.U. | Smith, P. | Bergamaschi, P. | Fowler, D. | Reis, S. | Centre for Ecology and Hydrology | Clean Fossil Fuels ; Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) | Risø National Laboratory ; Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation | Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU) ; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) | Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli = Second University of Naples | Unité de recherche Agronomie de Clermont (URAC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | University of Manchester [Manchester] | Agroscope | Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University = Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole (KVL ) | Institut für Agrarekologie | Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ) | Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH) ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA) | Center for Ecolological Research and Forestry Applications | Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki | Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences | Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC) ; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | University of Aberdeen | JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) ; European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC)
Recent research in nitrogen exchange with the atmosphere has separated research communities according to N form. The integrated perspective needed to quantify the net effect of N on greenhouse-gas balance is being addressed by the NitroEurope Integrated Project (NEU). Recent advances have depended on improved methodologies, while ongoing challenges include gas-aerosol interactions, organic nitrogen and N2 fluxes. The NEU strategy applies a 3-tier Flux Network together with a Manipulation Network of global-change experiments, linked by common protocols to facilitate model application. Substantial progress has been made in modelling N fluxes, especially for N2O, NO and bi-directional NH3 exchange. Landscape analysis represents an emerging challenge to address the spatial interactions between farms, fields, ecosystems, catchments and air dispersion/deposition. European up-scaling of N fluxes is highly uncertain and a key priority is for better data on agricultural practices. Finally, attention is needed to develop N flux verification procedures to assess compliance with international protocols
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Challenges in quantifying biosphere-atmosphere exchange of nitrogen species
2007
Sutton, M.A. | Nemitz, E. | Erisman, J.W | Beier, C. | Butterbach Bahl, K. | Cellier, Pierre | de Vries, W. | Cotrufo, F. | Skiba, U | Di Marco, C. | Jones, S. | Laville, Patricia | Soussana, Jean-François | Loubet, Benjamin | Twigg, M. | Famulari, D. | Whitehead, J. | Gallagher, M.W. | Neftel, A. | Flechard, C.R. | Herrmann, B. | Calanca, P.L. | Schjoerring, J.K. | Daemmgen, U. | Horvath, L. | Tang, Y.P. | Emmett, B.A. | Tietema, A. | Penuelas, J. | Kesik, M. | Brueggemann, N. | Pilegaard, K. | Vesala, T. | Campbell, C.L. | Olesen, J.E. | Dragosits, U. | Theobald, M.R. | Levy, P. | Mobbs, D.C. | Milne, R. | Viovy, N. | Vuichard, N. | Smith, J.U. | Smith, P. | Bergamaschi, P. | Fowler, D. | Reis, S. | Centre for Ecology and Hydrology | Clean Fossil Fuels ; Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) | Risø National Laboratory ; Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation | Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU) ; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology = Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) | Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli = Second University of Naples | Unité de recherche Agronomie de Clermont (URAC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | University of Manchester [Manchester] | Agroscope | Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University = Kongelige Veterinær- og Landbohøjskole (KVL ) | Institut für Agrarekologie | Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ) | Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH) ; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) | University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] = Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA) | Center for Ecolological Research and Forestry Applications | Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki | Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences | Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC) ; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | University of Aberdeen | JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) ; European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC)
Recent research in nitrogen exchange with the atmosphere has separated research communities according to N form. The integrated perspective needed to quantify the net effect of N on greenhouse-gas balance is being addressed by the NitroEurope Integrated Project (NEU). Recent advances have depended on improved methodologies, while ongoing challenges include gas-aerosol interactions, organic nitrogen and N2 fluxes. The NEU strategy applies a 3-tier Flux Network together with a Manipulation Network of global-change experiments, linked by common protocols to facilitate model application. Substantial progress has been made in modelling N fluxes, especially for N2O, NO and bi-directional NH3 exchange. Landscape analysis represents an emerging challenge to address the spatial interactions between farms, fields, ecosystems, catchments and air dispersion/deposition. European up-scaling of N fluxes is highly uncertain and a key priority is for better data on agricultural practices. Finally, attention is needed to develop N flux verification procedures to assess compliance with international protocols
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Main conclusions and perspectives from the collective scientific assessment of the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land–sea continuum in France and French overseas territories
2023
Pesce, Stephane | Mamy, Laure | Sanchez, Wilfried | Amichot, Marcel | Artigas, Joan | Mongruel, Remi | Munaron, Dominique | Aviron, Stephanie | Barthélémy, Carole | Beaudouin, Rémy | Bedos, Carole | Bérard, Annette | Berny, Philippe | Bertrand, Cédric | Bertrand, Colette | Betoulle, Dtephane | Bureau‑point, Eve | Charles, Sandrine | Chaumot, Arnaud | Chauvel, Bruno | Coeurdassier, Michael | Corio‑costet, Marie-france | Coutellec, Agnes | Crouzet, Olivier | Doussan, Isabelle | Faburé, Juliette | Fritsch, Clémentine | Gallai, Nicola | Gonzalez, Patrice | Gouy, Véronique | Hedde, Mickael | Langlais, Alexandra | Le Bellec, Fabrice | Leboulanger, Christophe | Margoum, Christelle | Martin‑laurent, Fabrice | Morin, Soizic | Mougin, Christian | Nélieu, Sylvie | Pelosi, Celine | Rault, Magali | Sabater, Sergi | Stachowski-haberkorn, Sabine | Sucré, Alliott | Thomas, Marielle | Tournebize, Julien | Leenhardt, Sophie
Preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is critical for sustainable development and human well-being. However, an unprecedented erosion of biodiversity is observed and the use of plant protection products (PPP) has been identified as one of its main causes. In this context, at the request of the French Ministries responsible for the Environment, for Agriculture and for Research, a panel of 46 scientific experts ran a nearly 2-year-long (2020–2022) collective scientific assessment (CSA) of international scientific knowledge relating to the impacts of PPP on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The scope of this CSA covered the terrestrial, atmospheric, freshwater, and marine environments (with the exception of groundwater) in their continuity from the site of PPP application to the ocean, in France and French overseas territories, based on international knowledge produced on or transposable to this type of context (climate, PPP used, biodiversity present, etc.). Here, we provide a brief summary of the CSA’s main conclusions, which were drawn from about 4500 international publications. Our analysis finds that PPP contaminate all environmental matrices, including biota, and cause direct and indirect ecotoxicological effects that unequivocally contribute to the decline of certain biological groups and alter certain ecosystem functions and services. Levers for action to limit PPP-driven pollution and effects on environmental compartments include local measures from plot to landscape scales and regulatory improvements. However, there are still significant gaps in knowledge regarding environmental contamination by PPPs and its effect on biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Perspectives and research needs are proposed to address these gaps.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Main conclusions and perspectives from the collective scientific assessment of the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land–sea continuum in France and French overseas territories
2023
Pesce, Stéphane | Mamy, Laure | Sanchez, Wilfried | Amichot, Marcel | Artigas, Joan | Aviron, Stéphanie | Barthélémy, Carole | Beaudouin, Rémy | Bedos, Carole | Bérard, Annette | Berny, Philippe | Bertrand, Cédric | Bertrand, Colette | Betoulle, Stéphane | Bureau-Point, Eve | Charles, Sandrine | Chaumot, Arnaud | Chauvel, Bruno | Coeurdassier, Michael | Corio-Costet, M.-F. | Coutellec, Marie-Agnès | Crouzet, Olivier | Doussan, Isabelle | Fabure, Juliette | Fritsch, Clémentine | Gallai, Nicola | Gonzalez, Patrice | Gouy-Boussada, Véronique | Hedde, Mickael | Langlais, Alexandra | Le Bellec, Fabrice | Leboulanger, Christophe | Margoum, Christelle | Martin-Laurent, Fabrice | Mongruel, Rémi | Morin, Soizic | Mougin, Christian | Munaron, Dominique | Nelieu, Sylvie | Pélosi, Céline | Rault, Magali | Sabater, Sergi | Stachowski-Haberkorn, Sabine | Sucré, Elliott | Thomas, Marielle | Tournebize, Julien | Leenhardt, Sophie | RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA) ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS) ; COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA) | Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) | Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP) ; Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU) | Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) | Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Interactions Cellules Environnement - UR (ICE) ; VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS) | Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE) ; Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO) ; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH) ; Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-SFR Condorcet ; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS) ; École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Agroécologie [Dijon] ; Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) ; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC) | Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE) ; Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Office français de la biodiversité (OFB) | Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion (GREDEG) ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS) ; COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA) | Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux (LEREPS) ; Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) ; Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe (IODE) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM) | Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Universitat de Girona (UdG) | Physiologie et Toxines des Microalgues Toxiques et Nuisibles (PHYTOX) ; Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR) | Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA) ; Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) through the national ECOPHYTO plan
International audience | Preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is critical for sustainable development and human well-being. However, an unprecedented erosion of biodiversity is observed and the use of plant protection products (PPP) has been identified as one of its main causes. In this context, at the request of the French Ministries responsible for the Environment, for Agriculture and for Research, a panel of 46 scientific experts ran a nearly 2-year-long (2020-2022) collective scientific assessment (CSA) of international scientific knowledge relating to the impacts of PPP on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The scope of this CSA covered the terrestrial, atmospheric, freshwater, and marine environments (with the exception of groundwater) in their continuity from the site of PPP application to the ocean, in France and French overseas territories, based on international knowledge produced on or transposable to this type of context (climate, PPP used, biodiversity present, etc.). Here, we provide a brief summary of the CSA's main conclusions, which were drawn from about 4500 international publications. Our analysis finds that PPP contaminate all environmental matrices, including biota, and cause direct and indirect ecotoxicological effects that unequivocally contribute to the decline of certain biological groups and alter certain ecosystem functions and services. Levers for action to limit PPP-driven pollution and effects on environmental compartments include local measures from plot to landscape scales and regulatory improvements. However, there are still significant gaps in knowledge regarding environmental contamination by PPPs and its effect on biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Perspectives and research needs are proposed to address these gaps.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]The screening of emerging micropollutants in wastewater in Sol Plaatje Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
2022
Oluwalana, Abimbola E. | Musvuugwa, Tendai | Sikwila, Stephen T. | Sefadi, Jeremia S. | Whata, Albert | Nindi, Mathew M. | Chaukura, Nhamo
Although pollutants pose environmental and human health risks, the majority are not routinely monitored and regulated. Organic pollutants emanate from a variety of sources, and can be classified depending on their chemistry and environmental fate. Classification of pollutants is important because it informs fate processes and apposite removal technologies. The occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in water bodies is a source of environmental and human health concern globally. Despite being widely reported, data on the occurrence of ECs in South Africa are scarce. Specifically, ECS in wastewater in the Northern Cape in South Africa are understudied. In this study, various ECs were screened in water samples collected from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the province. The ECs were detected using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry following Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction. The main findings were: (1) there is a wide variety of ECs in the WWTPs, (2) physico-chemical properties such as pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity, and dissolved organic content showed reduced values in the outlet compared to the inlet which confirms the presence of less contaminants in the treated wastewater, (3) specific ultraviolet absorbance of less than 2 was observed in the WWTPs samples, suggesting the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) that is predominantly non-humic in nature, (4) most of the ECs were recalcitrant to the treatment processes, (5) pesticides, recreational drugs, and analgesics constitute a significant proportion of pollutants in wastewater, and (6) NOM removal ranged between 35 and 90%. Consequently, a comprehensive database of ECs in wastewater in Sol Plaatje Municipality was created. Since the detected ECs pose ecotoxicological risks, there is a need to monitor and quantify ECs in WWTPs. These data are useful in selecting suitable monitoring and control strategies at WWTPs.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Cryptosporidium and Giardia in surface water and drinking water: Animal sources and towards the use of a machine-learning approach as a tool for predicting contamination
2020
Ligda, Panagiota | Claerebout, Edwin | Kostopoulou, Despoina | Zdragas, Antonios | Casaert, Stijn | Robertson, Lucy J. | Sotiraki, Smaragda
Cryptosporidium and Giardia are important parasites due to their zoonotic potential and impact on human health, often causing waterborne outbreaks of disease. Detection of (oo)cysts in water matrices is challenging and few countries have legislated water monitoring for their presence. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and origin of these parasites in different water sources in Northern Greece and identify interactions between biotic/abiotic factors in order to develop risk-assessment models. During a 2-year period, using a longitudinal, repeated sampling approach, 12 locations in 4 rivers, irrigation canals, and a water production company, were monitored for Cryptosporidium and Giardia, using standard methods. Furthermore, 254 faecal samples from animals were collected from 15 cattle and 12 sheep farms located near the water sampling points and screened for both parasites, in order to estimate their potential contribution to water contamination. River water samples were frequently contaminated with Cryptosporidium (47.1%) and Giardia (66.2%), with higher contamination rates during winter and spring. During a 5-month period, (oo)cysts were detected in drinking-water (<1/litre). Animals on all farms were infected by both parasites, with 16.7% of calves and 17.2% of lambs excreting Cryptosporidium oocysts and 41.3% of calves and 43.1% of lambs excreting Giardia cysts. The most prevalent species identified in both water and animal samples were C. parvum and G. duodenalis assemblage AII. The presence of G. duodenalis assemblage AII in drinking water and C. parvum IIaA15G2R1 in surface water highlights the potential risk of waterborne infection. No correlation was found between (oo)cyst counts and faecal-indicator bacteria. Machine-learning models that can predict contamination intensity with Cryptosporidium (75% accuracy) and Giardia (69% accuracy), combining biological, physicochemical and meteorological factors, were developed. Although these prediction accuracies may be insufficient for public health purposes, they could be useful for augmenting and informing risk-based sampling plans.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Degradation of indoor limonene by outdoor ozone: A cascade of secondary organic aerosols
2017
Rösch, Carolin | Wissenbach, Dirk K. | Franck, Ulrich | Wendisch, Manfred | Schlink, Uwe
In indoor air, terpene-ozone reactions can form secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in a transient process. ‘Real world’ measurements conducted in a furnished room without air conditioning were modelled involving the indoor background of airborne particulate matter, outdoor ozone infiltrated by natural ventilation, repeated transient limonene evaporations, and different subsequent ventilation regimes. For the given setup, we disentangled the development of nucleated, coagulated, and condensed SOA fractions in the indoor air and calculated the time dependence of the aerosol mass fraction (AMF) by means of a process model. The AMF varied significantly between 0.3 and 5.0 and was influenced by the ozone limonene ratio and the background particles which existed prior to SOA formation. Both influencing factors determine whether nucleation or adsorption processes are preferred; condensation is strongly intensified by particulate background. The results provide evidence that SOA levels in natural indoor environments can surpass those known from chamber measurements. An indicator for the SOA forming potential of limonene was found to be limona ketone. Multiplying its concentration (in μg/m³) by 450(±100) provides an estimate of the concentration of the reacted limonene. This can be used to detect a high particle formation potential due to limonene pollution, e.g. in epidemiological studies considering adverse health effects of indoor air pollutants.
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