The edible insect sector has, in recent times, gained significant prominence and attention. Particularly, the government of Kenya has made remarkable steps to achieve a potentially large and valuable edible insect market, with a significant milestone being the passing of regulations on edible insects as a new source of proteins. However, research on the edible insect marketing environment is still indistinct. Therefore, the study sought to evaluate the determinants of the market outlets preferred or used by smallholder farmers and traders of domesticated and field-collected edible insects (including cricket, bees, winged termites, lake flies, and dung beetle) in Siaya and Vihiga counties. This cross-sectional study was done among 188 edible insects’ farmers and traders. Purposive sampling identified the study area, while snowball sampling reached the study participants. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using multinomial logit regression to assess independent-dependent variable relationships, yielding marginal effects. Study findings showed that at 95% confidence interval, the yield was significant to the three outlets used by the farmers. Gender was significant to both institution and open-air markets outlets but insignificant to selling at the farm gate. Age, education level, and experience in marketing were insignificant to all the three market outlets. Marketing training was significant to the institution and open-air markets. The study also showed that farmers and traders had limited choices to sell their edible insect produce, which was majorly affected by yield and age variables. In view of these findings, enhancing edible insect marketing and training through initiatives that would increase production among farmers and breaking the attitudes toward open-air marketing among male farmers is pivotal to the thriving of the novel food enterprise towards achieving food security in the region.

Yam (Dioscorea spp) occupies an important place in the diet of the populations of Côte d’Ivoire. It is a real source of starch and therefore generates enormous commercial potential. However, the decrease in production due to pest attacks represents a real threat to this crop. This study was conducted with the aim of improving yam production in Côte d’Ivoire. To do so, isolations carried out on yam leaves showing symptoms of foliar diseases have allowed us to identify 9 fungal genera. These were Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Pestalotia sp., Botryodiplodia sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Curvularia sp. and Phytophtora sp. Among these fungi, the genus Colletotrichum sp. was the most isolated with a rate of 56% followed by the Fusarium and Pestalotia genera (8%). Pathogenicity tests performed on healthy leaves of two yam varieties revealed that the Dioscorea alata is more susceptible to fungi compared to Dioscorea rotundata. The largest average diameter of necrosis was caused by Pestalotiopsis sp. (5.97 cm) on the Dioscorea alata variety while the smallest was caused by Colletotrichum sp.9 on Dioscorea rotundata (0.5 cm). Combatting these fungi need to be developed for effective management of leaf diseases of yam in Côte d’Ivoire.

The aim of this study is to cover the design-implementation processes of the museum interiors of the museum building in Selçuk University campus, which consists of foyer, temporary and permanent exhibition areas that can realize the aims and functions of the museum in accordance with the culture of the institution to which it is affiliated. Two types of materials were used within the scope of the study. The first type of material is theoretical and visual information based publications, thesis studies, lecture notes, architectural and interior design printed publications and internet resources. The information scanned and analyzed was handled from general to specific. The second material is the analysis of the Selçuk University Museum building located in Selçuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus by the authors with the on-site identification stages, interviews with the relevant people, the requirements of the museum foyer, temporary, permanent exhibition areas and existing interior photographs. The method followed in the study is observation and detection. As a result of the researches and observations made by utilizing publications, thesis studies, course notes, architectural and interior architectural printed publications and internet resources on the subject, an identification study was carried out in the existing museum building. As a result of the research, it was stated that the museums within the university campus have an important place in terms of establishing a bond between the public and the university, apart from the educational areas affiliated to the institution.  Apart from education and training structures, from a different perspective, it was mentioned that they are common multi-purpose areas and the positive aspects they add to the institution to which they are affiliated. The interior revisions made in the determined areas of the museum building, the project design process and the implementation phases were mentioned.

Supercritical-CO2 extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods were conducted in this study to recover valuable components, specifically phenolic antioxidant compounds, from orange peels. Basic operating parameters such as temperature and pressure, which affect the extraction efficiency of phenolic substances in orange peel with supercritical-CO2, were designed using the central composite design methodology. In the Soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods, 2-hour extraction processes were carried out using ethanol at different concentrations (50%, 80% and 100%) as a solvent. Yield comparison was made by performing total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content analyses in the extracts. The total phenolic content (TPC) in the extracts was determined to be 5034 mg GAE/L for supercritical-CO2 extraction at 61.5°C and 20 MPa. In comparison, Soxhlet extraction yielded a TPC of 1728 mg GAE/L, while the ultrasound-assisted extraction method resulted in a TPC of 4056 mg GAE/L. It was determined that the optimum operating parameters of supercritical-CO2 extraction were 60°C and 26.4 MPa in case all the responses were maximized. The best phenolic recovery was obtained at 100% ethanol in Soxhlet extraction and 80% ethanol in ultrasound-assisted extraction. Although supercritical-CO2 extraction is an environmentally friendly application, the recovery rate of valuable components from raw materials is lower than in Soxhlet extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction. However, since the volume of the extracts obtained from the supercritical-CO2 extraction is small, the ratio of phenolic compounds is higher.

Animal wastes are not stored correctly and are used haphazardly without control in agricultural lands. As a result, it causes many irreparable environmental pollution, especially water pollution. These wastes, which are described as diffuse pollution, cause pollution of both underground and surface water resources directly or indirectly and even make them unusable. In this research, waste generation as a result of animal breeding in Karaman province, its districts, neighborhoods and villages and the effects of animal wastes on environmental pollution were evaluated with distributed pollutant load calculations. In the study, the number of 1019277 ovine and 81368 bovine in Karaman in 2022 was used. The total nitrogen (TN) produced annually by the animals has been calculated as 1,723.23 tons/year, and the total phosphorus (TP) amount is determined as 124.23 tons/year. Additionally, for large ruminant animals, the annual total amount of dry manure is 130,305.77 tons, and for small ruminant animals, it is 41,984.27 tons. To prevent environmental pollution, these wastes should be stored in closed areas in compliance with standards, and processes such as composting, drying, and biogas production should be applied. By doing so, not only can environmental pollution be mitigated but also economic value can be obtained. The proper management and utilization of these wastes have high economic potential and can contribute to sustainable development, supporting the country’s economy. In addition, this study is a source for researchers working in the field in calculating the pollution load of animal wastes and is thought to be a guide for decision makers and practitioners.

The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) causes significant quantitative and qualitative losses during storage. To identify resistant varieties of maize against this pest, an experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 11 varieties in free and no-choice conditions. The study measured weight loss, mean bored grain, debris, and weevil numbers at 30, 60, and 90 days. The findings showed that BG13Y-POP, Manakamana-7, and RML-19/RML-6 were the most resistant varieties, with weight loss percentages of 1.99%, 1.47%, and 1.74%, respectively, and final weevil numbers of 104, 72, and 73. Ganesh-2 and ZM-401 were the most susceptible varieties, with weight losses of 7.34% and 6.05%, respectively. The maximum debris weight was found in RML-761/RL-105 (1.98 g), while the minimum was found in Manakamana-7 (0.26 g). The highest number of bored grains was observed in Ganesh-2 (81), while the lowest number was observed in Rampur-4 (51). Similarly, ZM-401 (158) and Ganesh-2 (165) exhibited the highest weevil population, while the lowest count was found in Rampur-4 (72). Overall, using resistant varieties, such as Manakamana-7, BG13Y-POP, and RML-19/RML-6, can be an effective approach for reducing post-harvest losses from weevil infestation.

Throughout history, there has been a reciprocal relationship between humans and space. Even though there are numerous spaces covered by this ongoing relationship process, it has integrated and gained value with educational venues. Mainly because they closely monitor social, cultural, technological, and economic developments and pass on knowledge to future generations, educational spaces play a crucial role in the development of individuals as well as society. It is feasible to conclude from research on educational spaces that the physical environment has a major positive or negative impact on education. To solve the issue that the current Faculty of Fine Arts at Selçuk University could not sufficiently respond to user needs physically, it was decided to construct a new Faculty of Fine Arts building. The primary goal of the study is to design the building using user-oriented techniques that promote social interaction and showcase artistic identity throughout the design phase. A qualitative research approach, based on inspection and observations, was used in the study to gather data, documents, and reports on the topic and to ensure that the architectural programming stages advanced correctly and received ongoing feedback. Studies have confirmed the results, which show that artistic education in structures that provide users with distinct experiences is different from that provided in faculty buildings with a type plan scheme. The process, which involves collaboration between stakeholders from various disciplines and necessitates coordination, is also maintained in a coordinated fashion as a consequence of the study. Because of this, it is believed that buildings with comparable features can offer direction by offering a set of data that may also be reliable for design procedures that are prearranged.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Trakya Bölgesi’nde iklim değişikliğinin buğday bitkisinin verimine etkisini modellemektir. Bu amaçla, çiftçi tarlasından alınan 2020-2021 dönemi buğday verim değeri, aynı yıla ait iklim verileri kullanılarak LINTUL model ile hesaplanan verim değeri ile karşılaştırılarak kalibre edilmiş ve daha sonra HadGEM2-ES ve MPI-ESM-MR küresel iklim modellerinin RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 senaryolarından elde edilen iklim verileri ile 2031-2040, 2041-2050, 2051-2060, 2061-2070 ve 2071-2080 dönemleri için verim değerleri tahmin edilmiştir. Ekim ve hasat tarihleri değiştirilmeden iki şekilde verim tahmini yapılmıştır: Birincisinde, ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek sıcaklık, solar radyasyon ve yağış değişimi dikkate alınarak verim hesaplaması yapılmıştır. İkincisinde ise solar radyasyon değerleri 2004-2021 dönemi için sabit tutulurken, ortalama en düşük ve en yüksek sıcaklık ve yağış değişimleri hesaba katılmıştır. Birinci yaklaşımda, HadGEM2-ES modelinin RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 senaryoları için tahmin edilen verim değişimleri sırasıyla %1,5-%7,5 ve -%7,5-%7,5 arasında hesaplanırken, MPI-ESM-MR modeli için yine aynı sırayla %9,0-%13,4 ve %3,0-%16,4 arasında simüle edilmiştir. İkinci yaklaşımda, HadGEM2-ES modelinin RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 senaryoları için tahmin edilen verim değişimleri sırasıyla %4,5-%9,0 ve -%7,5-%7,5 arasında hesaplanırken, MPI-ESM-MR modeli için yine aynı sırayla %10,4-%13,4 ve %4,5-%19,5 arasında tahmin edilmiştir. Verim tahminlerinde sıcaklık ve yağışla birlikte solar radyasyonun etkisinin de mutlaka göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği; Türkiye’nin diğer bölgelerinin aksine iklim değişimi ile verimin genelde artış yönünde olacağı tahmin edildiğinden gıda güvencesi için Trakya Bölgesi tarım arazilerinin değişimine izin verilmemesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Çalışmanın temel amacı; Son yıllarda Türkiye ve Konya İlinde kuru fasulye üretim alanlarının daralması ile insan beslenmesinde önemli bir yeri olan kuru baklagillerin üretiminde çiftçilerin karar kriterlerinin belirlenerek önceliklendirmek ve öneri geliştirmektir. Türkiye’de kuru fasulye üretim alanı ve miktarı bakımından uzun yıllar ilk sırada yer alan Konya İli ilk sıradaki yerini kaybetmiş olmasına rağmen, Türkiye’nin kuru fasulye üretim alanının %16,14’üne, üretim miktarının %18,7’sine sahiptir. Üretim miktarı bakımından Konya ilinin %31,61’ini oluşturması bakımından Çumra ilçesi araştırma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. İşletmelerin kuru fasulye üretim kararlarına etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesinde Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İşletmeler geçmiş tecrübelerinden yararlanarak üretim karalarını belirlemektedirler. Kuru fasulye üretim kararlarını etkileyen temel kriterler; verim, fiyat, işgücü, su ihtiyacı, pazarlama kolaylığı, mekanizasyon, girdi maliyetleri, yetiştiricilik bilgisi, toprak yapısı, desteklemeler olarak belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerin kuru fasulye üretim kararını etkileyen en önemli faktör  “verim” kriteri olmuştur (%20,01). Bunu sırasıyla fiyat (%13,5), girdi maliyetleri (%11,9), Su ihtiyacı (%11,8), pazarlama kolaylığı (%11,2), mekanizasyon (%8,3), işgücü(%6,8), yetiştiricilik bilgisi (%6,3), toprak yapısı (%5,6), desteklemeler (%4,7) olarak belirlenmiştir. Devletin çiftçilere bu yönde verim artırıcı girdilerin zamanında ve uygun dozda kullanmaları yönünde farkındalık kazandırılması gerekmektedir. Yine çiftçilerin yeni teknikleri ve girdileri kullanabilmeleri için ise desteklemelerin iyileştirilmesi olarak önerilmektedir.

Manda yetiştiriciliğinin avantajları ve mandadan elde edilen ürünlerin insan sağlığındaki üstünlüklerine rağmen, dünyada manda popülasyonunun azalan bir trendle düşük olduğu ve nesli tehlikede olan türler arasında olduğu belirtilmektedir. Dünyada manda yetiştiriciliği yapılan ülkeler arasında manda sayısında en hızlı azalışın gerçekleştiği ülke konumunda olan Türkiye’de, Samsun ili manda popülasyonunda geçmişten günümüze birinci sırada yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye ve Samsun ilinde 2023-2030 yılları arasında manda popülasyonunun Çift Üstel Düzleştirme ve Holt-Winters yöntemleri ile geleceğe yönelik tahminlerini gerçekleştirmektir. Çalışmada Türkiye manda popülasyon serisi için 1929-2022 yılları arası, Samsun ili manda popülasyon serisi için ise 1991-2022 yılları arası verileri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada serilerin durağan olmadığı belirlenmiş olup, birinci farkı alındıktan sonra seriler durağanlaştırılmıştır. Manda popülasyon tahmini için Holt-Winters modelinin veri setine en uygun model olduğuna karar verilmiştir. Bu modele göre 2030 yılında 2022 yılına göre Türkiye manda popülasyonunun %7,29 oranında artış yaşanacağı, Samsun ili manda popülasyonunun ise gelecek sekiz yıl içinde stabil kalacağı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, yakın gelecekte Türkiye'de manda popülasyonunun yok olma tehlikesi ile karşı karşıya kalacağı belirlenmiştir. Türkiye’de manda varlığının sürdürülebilirliği için hükümet tarafından uzun vadeli ve etkili politika araçları uygulamaya konularak verilen desteklemeler artırılmalı ve tüketicilerin de manda sütü ve etinin faydaları hakkında bilinçlendirilmesi sağlanarak talep artışı sağlanmalıdır.