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Advantages of Grain Legume-Cereal Intercropping in Sustainable Agriculture 全文
2021
Aybegün Ton
Sustainable agriculture bases on certain ecological principles in both of crop production and livestocks. Legume-cereal intercropping in sustainable agricultural cropping system is the most applied in the intercropping systems in the World. Legume-cereal intercropping have many benefits such soil conservation, weed control, animal feed and effective land use, greater yield and quality in low-input agricultural system. Land use efficiently is available to evaluate the advantages of intercrop in sustainable agriculture to meet food demand due to increase in population. Amount of N2 fixed by intercropped legume is less compared to mono crop legume due to competition with cereal. However, proportion of total N derived from fixation (Ndfa %) in legume intercropped with cereal was greater than mono crop legume. N-transfer from the legume to neighbouring plant may be possible, but it can be affected by a lot of factors. The principal aim of present study is to define advantages of cereal-grain legume intercrops in sustainable agriculture.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Investigation of Solar Powered Drying System Potential in Niğde Province 全文
2021
Yaşar Serhat Saygılı | Ali Kaan Yetik | Furkan Baş | Burak Şen
Investigation of Solar Powered Drying System Potential in Niğde Province 全文
2021
Yaşar Serhat Saygılı | Ali Kaan Yetik | Furkan Baş | Burak Şen
Storage of the foods obtained by plant and animal production is as important as their cultivation. Crops cultivated around the world lose 28-36% of total yield during the process from agricultural land to consumption. With the most of this loss occurs after harvest and harvest, it can be reduced by suitable machines and appropriate methods to be used. Niğde is in third place in the list of cities with the highest apple production in Turkey. In addition, it is seen that the potential of the region to benefit from solar energy is quite high with 8.02 hours of daily sunshine duration and 1550-1800 kWh m-2 total solar radiation values. In line with the information given, Niğde province stands out as an important opportunity for apple drying processes using solar-powered drying methods. In this study, suitable drying methods that can be used for agricultural products in general and methods that can be used in Niğde province have been investigated and with the using the information obtained from previous studies related to the region its examined that the solar drying system and machines that can be developed for the province of Niğde are specified.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Time Series Forecasting Using Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing: Application to Abaca Fiber Data 全文
Pleños, Mary Cris F.
This study utilized the data on abaca fiber production and used Holt-Winters model to forecast the abaca fiber production since the studied variable is characterized by a fairly strong intensity of seasonality. For the construction of forecasts, additive and multiplicative models were used. The most accurate forecasts were selected on the basis of Mean Square Error, Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, and Mean Absolute Scaled Error. It was found that the multiplicative method had a higher accuracy, hence it was utilized to forecast the production for the next three years. According to the findings, the anticipated fiber production for 2021-2023 showed an increase up to the second quarter, but then declining afterwards.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Culinary Temperature Variably Affects the Antioxidant Content of Some Local Spices and Green Herbs 全文
2021
Choumessi Tchewonpi Aphrodite | Sonchieu Jean | Yong Deloris Kuoh | Tenyung Esther Eyen | Mbouh Mariama | Nantia Akono Edouard
Spices and herbs are groups of vegetables with important properties for human health and food industries. They are generally consumed in cooked recipes and such treatment may affect the content of vital components such antioxidants. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of the cooking temperatures on total phenolics, flavonoids and vitamin C of some spices and herbs used in the locality of Bamenda, Cameroon. Briefly, the most consumed spices and herbs were selected through structured questionnaires administered to individuals involved in their consumption and selling. Thereafter, samples were collected and subjected to different boiling treatments and the levels of the antioxidants (flavonoids, phenols and vitamin C) were determined. Results showed that almost half the participants (48%) used Parsley, Basil, White pepper, Njansa, Mint and African nutmeg mainly for flavoring and medicinal purposes. The cooking temperature of 65°C increased total phenolics and flavonoids in spices (Mint, White pepper, Njangsa and African nutmeg) and herbs (Parsley, Basil) while higher heat treatments (75 and 85°C) lowered the content of these pytochemicals. Boiling of spices or herbs significantly and temperature dependently reduced the vitamin C content in all spice and herb samples with respect to the control raw samples. Summarily, the moderate boiling (65°C) treatment used by the local populations favors release of total phenolics and flavonoids though with some reducing effect on vitamin C.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effect of Different Pre-Sowing Treatments on Germination of Persian Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) in Rukum (East) District, Nepal 全文
2021
Sagar Lamichhane | Rabin Thapa | Praseed Thapa | Kafil Ahamad
A field-based experiment was carried out in Rukum (East), Nepal, from February to June 2020, to assess the effect of different pre-sowing treatments on germination of Persian walnut. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments included hot water treatment, chilling stratification only, cracking + Gibberellic acid (500ppm) followed by chilling stratification, cracking + Gibberellic acid (750ppm) followed by chilling stratification, Gibberellic acid (500ppm) + chilling stratification and Gibberellic acid (750ppm) + chilling stratification. The minimum days for germination (15.75 days) and highest germination (53.25%) were obtained when the combination of cracking with GA3 @ 750 ppm along with chilling stratification was done. The maximum shoot length (34.83 cm) was observed in the combination of cracking with GA3 @ 500 ppm followed by stratification but statistically similar shoot length (34.63 cm) was observed when cracking, application of GA3 @ 750 ppm followed by stratification was done. Cracking, treatment with GA3 @ 500 ppm followed by chilling stratification resulted in the highest shoot fresh weight (11.93 gm) and root fresh weight (10.77 gm) compared to the other treatments used. Thus, cracking along with treatment by GA3 @ 750 ppm followed by chilling stratification could be suggested to the walnut growers for better germination and a better morphological and physiological status of the rootstocks/seedlings.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Classification of Some Fruits using Image Processing and Machine Learning 全文
2021
Dilara Gerdan Koç | Mustafa Vatandaş
In this study, an image processing algorithm and classification unit were developed to classify the fruits according to their size and color characteristics. For this purpose, a total of 300 fruits (50 fruit samples from each of the Starkrimson Delicious and Golden Delicious apple varieties, Washington Navel and Valencia Midknight orange varieties, Ekmek and Eşme quince varieties) were used in the experiments. The size and color values measured with a caliper and a spectrophotometer were entered in the developed image processing algorithm to determine the success rates of classifying the fruits. The integration of image processing algorithm with the classification unit classified 88%, 100%, 96%, 82%, 86%, respectively. On the other hand, the size and color values read in fruits with the image processing algorithm were evaluated using predictive techniques used in data mining. For this purpose, K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Naive Bayes classification and Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) algorithms were used. Algorithms were run with 10-fold cross validation method. In the training of artificial classifiers, the success was 93.6% for KNN, 90.3% for DT, 88.3% for Naive Bayes, 92.6% for MLP and 94.3% for RF.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Determinants of Ethiopia’s Coffee Bilateral Trade Flows: A panel Gravity Approach 全文
2021
Bekele Wegi Feyisa
Ethiopia’s export earning is heavily dependent on primary agricultural commodities and raw materials. Coffee has been the principal export commodity of Ethiopia for many years and continued to be the leading export commodity. The objective of this paper was, therefore, to identify the determinants of Ethiopia’s coffee export to the major trading partners. Eighteen countries were selected based on the importance of the country as Ethiopia’s coffee export destination and availability of the required data. Annual panel data from 2001 to 2016 was collected from FAO database and other relevant sources. After appropriate econometric tests had been applied, random effect model was selected and used to analyze the data. From the seven variables entered into the model, four variables were found to affect Ethiopia’s coffee export significantly. GDP of the importing countries and population size of Ethiopia affect Ethiopia’s coffee export positively as expected. Weighted distance between Ethiopia and its trading partners was also found to have an expected effect, negative, on Ethiopia’s coffee export. Contrary to the hypothesis, foreign direct investment flows to Ethiopia affected Ethiopia’s coffee export negatively. Based on the results, the study draws conclusion and policy implications. To increase Ethiopia’s coffee export, government and other stakeholders should give prime attention to countries where there is high demand for Ethiopia’s coffee. Moreover, coffee exporters should exploit the existing nearest market opportunities. Finally, favourable conditions should be created for the large unemployed labor of the country to increase coffee production and export.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Allelopathic Mechanisms in Fire-Prone Ecosystems 全文
2021
Nursema Aktepe | Ömer Küçük
Understanding the fire-prone arid-zone pine species and maquis vegetation's response to fire is very important to reveal the ecology and evolution of these species. During the succession of vegetation, there are complex relationships between allelopathic metabolites and fires. Many plant communities such as pines, maquis, savannas and woodlands are known to play a critical role in the development of succession. However, studies revealing the relationship between succession processes and allelopathic mechanisms in fire-prone ecosystems are quite limited. Most evergreen maquis vegetations are one of the most studied fire ecosystems. In maquis vegetation, fire causes the formation of plant communities that continue with allelochemicals produced by plants, as well as shaping the climate of the region. The event of a living species inhibiting another species by secreting toxic compounds is expressed as allelopathy. These toxic compounds are generally referred to as allelochemicals. Many maquis species that grow in fire-prone ecosystems excrete their allelochemicals, preventing the development of herbaceous species around them and invade their habitats. These chemicals, which accumulate in the soil during the dry season, affect the succession processes in vegetation in the event of a fire and determine which species will follow each other. Considering these relationships, it can be said that allelopathic plants have the potential to change plant diversity in vegetation by changing their functional plant characteristics. The purpose of this review is to determine the relationship between allelochemicals and fire of plant species in fire-prone ecosystems, and to reveal how this affects the succession processes.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Gıdalarda Sous Vide Uygulama Teknolojisi 全文
2021
Nuran Erdem | Mustafa Karakaya
Sous vide, Fransızca “vakum altında” anlamına gelmekte olup yöntem; gıdaların vakum ambalajda, tam olarak kontrol edilebilen sıcaklıklarda (≤100°C) su banyosu içinde pastörize edilmesini içermektedir. Sous vide aynı zamanda bir muhafaza yöntemidir. Pişirme işleminin ardından ürün hemen tüketilmekte veya 0-3°C sıcaklık aralığına hızlı bir şekilde soğutularak tekrar ısıtma ve tüketim aşamasına kadar 3-5 hafta süreyle depolanabilmektedir. Sous vide teknolojisi ile ürünün tekstür ve kalite özelliklerine zarar verilmeden, dış yüzeyi aşırı kurumadan, istenen sıcaklıkta ve istenen sürede hazırlanması sağlanmaktadır. Bu yöntemle et, balık, tavuk ve sebzeler pişirilebilmektedir. Sous vide teknolojisi ile hazırlanan et ve et ürünleri hem daha lezzetli, sulu ve gevrek hem de bünyesindeki besin maddelerini minimum düzeyde kaybetmektedir. Sous vide teknolojisi, depolama süresinin uzatılması, duyusal ve mikrobiyolojik kalitenin korunması gibi, birçok avantaj sağlamaktadır. Vakum ambalajla anaerobik ortam sağlanması ve kontrollü sıcaklık uygulaması ile gıdalarda bulunan bakterilerin vejetatif formları inaktive edildiği için Sous vide teknolojisi ile pişirme birçok açıdan güvenilir olmaktadır.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Propiyonik Asit Katkısının Toplam Karışım Rasyonu Yemin Aerobik Stabilite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri 全文
2021
Ahmet Aslım | Berrin Okuyucu | Fisun Koç
Bu araştırmada, farklı düzeylerde propiyonik asit ilavesinin toplam karışım rasyonu yemin aerobik stabilite özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, propiyonik asit temeline dayalı katkı maddesinin dört farklı oranda ilavesinin (%0, 1,5, 3,0 ve 4,5), 26°C ve 30°C depolama koşullarında etkisi araştırılmıştır. Yem örnekleri her muamele grubunda 3’er tekerrür olmak üzere 7 gün süre ile depolanmıştır. Aerobik stabilite süresince yem örneklerinde kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik parametrelere ilişkin analizler yürütülmüştür. Her muamele grubunda sıcaklık değerleri ve ortam sıcaklığı 7 gün süreyle sıcaklık sensörleri ile ölçülüp kaydedilmiştir. Araştırmada katkı maddesi ilavesi toplam karışım rasyonu yemin pH, kuru madde, nötral çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif ve maya içeriklerini düşürmüş, ham protein, ham yağ, suda çözünebilir, laktik asit ve laktik asit bakteri içeriklerini yükseltmiş, küf gelişimini ise önlemiştir. Araştırma sonucunda %4,5 oranında propiyonik asit ilavesi toplam karışım rasyonunun 26°C 7 gün, 30°C ise 5 gün süre ile stabil kalmasını sağlamıştır.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Evaluation of Improved Faba Bean Technology in The Wider-Scale: Lesson from Stakeholders’ Participation in Wag-Lasta, Ethiopia 全文
2021
Ademe Mihiretu | Adane Wubet
This scale-wide participatory evaluation was designed to assess farmers’ technology preference and stakeholders’ linkage on top of estimating the advantage and efficiency of improved faba bean technology over the local practice. On-farm experiment and assessment were conducted using 100 farmers who allocate 0.25-0.5ha of land in Wag-lasta dryland. Planting and other agronomic standards were applied as per the technological recommendation. Required quantitative and qualitative data collected at farm and farmer level using quadrants and checklist, respectively. Cost-benefit analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyse the quantitative data. Qualitative data such as farmers’ technology preference and stakeholders’ linkage were assessed in simple ranking matrix and SWOT analysis. The improved faba bean technology provided mean grain yields of 1340 and 590 kg ha-1 in Lasta and Sekota districts, respectively. It has thus a 31.4% and 38.9% yield advantage and penalty over the local practice, in that order (p
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