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Resource Utilization by Desert Quail: Time and Energy, Food and Water 全文
1985
Goldstein, David L. | Nagy, Kenneth A.
Time—energy budgets (TEB) of Gambel's Quail (Callipepla gambelii) were compiled during two summers in the Colorado Desert of California. Quail spent 6.77 h/d foraging, 6.2 h/d inactive during daylight hours, and 11.02 h/d inactive at night. Field metabolic rate (FMR) calculated from this activity budget was 81.8 kJ/d. Of this, 47.3 kJ/d was expended during foraging, 12.6 kJ/d in daytime inactivity, and 20.4 kJ/d in nighttime inactivity. Despite the extremely hot thermal environment (maximum ambient temperature °45°C), there was no energy cost above resting levels for thermoregulation. FMR was also measured simultaneously with doubly labeled water (DLW), and averaged 90.8 kJ/d. TEB and DLW values agreed to within 6% when differences in measurement period were taken into account. A laboratory validation study indicated that DLW and balance methods agreed to within 5%. The FMR of C. gambelii was only 40% of that predicted for a bird of its body mass. This low FMR is primarily the result of a low resting metabolic rate (RMR): 51% of the predicted basal rate in 1981, and 70% of predicted in 1982. The basis and significance of this low and variable RMR are unclear. Energy assimilation efficiency, measured in laboratory feeding experiments with a mixed seed and arthropod diet, was 60.3%. An individual quail in the field thus required 150.3 kJ/d in its diet, representing a dry matter intake of 8.1 g/d. A diet of seeds alone provides insufficient water for Gambel's Quail in summer, so they must either incorporate moist food items in their diet or drink free water. It was calculated that over the course of a year, a population of Gambel's Quail consumes seeds with a total energy content °15% as great as that in seeds consumed by a population of desert rodents or harvester ants in the same area. Gambel's Quail thus may be important factors in the competition for resources among desert granivores, particularly because they can eat one of their competitors (harvester ants).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Differences in learning behaviour of honey bees collecting sugar water at artificial food sources
1985
Brandes, C. (Universitaet Frankfurt, Oberursel (Germany, F.R.). Fachbereich Biologie)
Simultaneous water and food accumulation of 65Zn by Cyprinus carpio L. (Pisces, Ciprinidae) [radioactive contamination]
1985
Baudin, J.P. (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Saint-Paul-les-Durance (France). Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Cadarache, Laboratoire de Radioecologie des Eaux Continentales)
Energy consumption for waste and waste water treatment in food processing, 1: Potato starch processing
1985
Ohtani, T. | Hoshino, C. | Nabetani, H. | Watanabe, A. (National Food Research Inst., Yatabe, Ibaraki (Japan))
A consideration of food abundance for demersal fish in the shallow water of the beach
1985
Yasunaga, Y. (National Research Inst. of Fisheries Engineering, Hasaki, Ibaraki (Japan))
Energy consumption for waste and waste water treatment in food processing, 5: Mandarin orange juice processing
1985
Watanabe, A. | Ohtani, T. | Nabetani, H. (National Food Research Inst., Yatabe, Ibaraki (Japan)) | Horikita, H.
Energy consumption for waste and waste water treatment in food processing, 2: Miso (soybean paste) processing.
1985
Ohtani T. | Nikkuni S. | Hoshino C. | Nabetani H. | Watanabe A.
Energy consumption for waste and waste water treatment in food processing, 3: Natto (fermented soybean) processing
1985
Ohtani, T. | Nabetani, H. | Watanabe, A. (National Food Research Inst., Yatabe, Ibaraki (Japan)) | Horikita, H.
Actual and recommended diet make-up for the population of Mozambique, including food composition table. Serie Terra e Agua do Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agronomica, Documento interno 10.
1985
Snijders F.L.
Development of dynamically formed membrane for recovery of valuable components in waste water from food processing factory.
1985
Watanabe A.
