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Increased food security and income in the Limpopo Basin through integrated crop, water and soil fertility options and public-private partnerships
2011
Siambi, M.
Global drivers influencing water productivity, food security and livelihood of the local people in the coastal areas of the Ganges Basin
2011
Khan, Z.H. | Kamal, F.A. | Sharma, Bharat R. | Khan, M.S. | Rahman, M. | Khan, A.S.
Quesungual slash and mulch agroforestry system (QSMAS): Improving crop water productivity, food security and resource quality in the sub-humid tropics 全文
2011
e. barrios | miguel angel ayarza | b. mendoza | idupulapati m. rao | edgar amézquita collazos | oscar ferreira | l.a. welchez | maria eugenia baltodano | a. castro | m.a. rondón | e. garcia | m. rivera | n. pauli | j. pavon
The knowledge and principles generated by CPWF-PN15 confirm that QSMAS can be a model production system for implementing conservation agriculture to achieve food security and sustainable development in drought-prone areas of hillsides in the sub-humid tropics, while providing ecosystem services in the face of land degradation and climate change. As an adoptable option to replace the slash and burn traditional system, QSMAS can improve smallholder livelihoods through eco-efficient use and conservation of natural resources. Participatory validation activities suggest that the conservation agriculture principles embedded in QSMAS can be readily accepted by resource- poor farmers and local authorities in similar agroecosystems | A. Castro et al., 'Quesungual slash and mulch agroforestry system (QSMAS): Improving crop water productivity, food security and resource quality in the sub-humid tropics', CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food, 2011
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Growth performance of monosex and mixed-sex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in brakish water by using salt-tolerant roughages as supplementary food
2011
Chughtai, M.I. (Nuclear Inst. for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad (Pakistan)) | Awan, A.R. (Nuclear Inst. for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad (Pakistan))
A study was carried out to assess the culture performance of monosex and mixed-sex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in underground brackish water by using semi-intensive integrated pond system. The experiment was conducted in three earthen ponds for a period of 11 months. In pond-1 (P1), 200 females and in pond-2 (P2), 200 males, while in pond-3 (P3), 100 male and 100 female tilapias were stocked. Salt-tolerant fresh biomass, i.e. Leptochloa fusca (Kallar grass), Brachiaria mutica (Para grass) and Kochia indica (Kochia) was used as supplemental feed. Fertilization of all ponds was done with goat droppings @ 6000 kg per ha and nitrophos @ 7.5 kg per ha. Results indicated that tilapia was found well adapted to the saline environment. The net fish production was calculated as 1295, 1752 and 914 kg per ha per year in female, male and mixed tilapia ponds, respectively. Male tilapia culture resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in fish production.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Effect of ageing on different egg yolk fractions on surface properties at the air–water interface | International Journal of Food Science
2011
Freschi, Jérôme | Razafindralambo, Hary | Danthine, Sabine | Blecker, Christophe
Salinidade da água e suplementação alimentar com microalga marinha no crescimento e masculinização de tilápia do Nilo 全文
2011
Ricardo Lafaiete Moreira | Jamile Mota da Costa | Plácido Soares de Moura | Wladimir Ronald Lobo Farias
Durante os primeiros dias após a eclosão, as larvas da tilápia do Nilo suprem suas necessidades nutricionais com as reservas vitelínicas, pois nem a cavidade bucal encontra-se aberta nem o trato intestinal está completamente formado. Após o consumo do vitelo, o animal já é uma pós-larva e sua alimentação passa a ser exógena e composta principalmente por microalgas e zooplâncton. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de Spirulina platensis, no desempenho zootécnico de pós-larvas (pl's) da tilápia do Nilo, submetidas a diferentes salinidades durante o período de reversão sexual. No primeiro experimento, além da S. platensis, também foi ofertada ração microparticulada (50% PB) contendo o hormônio masculinizante 17 ï¡-metiltestosterona. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado e dividido em três tratamentos com três repetições cada. Os animais foram cultivados nas salinidades 0, 15 e 25 g.L-1. No segundo experimento, após o período de 28 dias de reversão sexual, as tilápias foram cultivadas por mais 32 dias em água doce. Após este período, o desempenho zootécnico e as taxas de reversão sexual em todos os tratamentos foram avaliados. A análise de variância não evidenciou diferenças estatísticas significativas (P > 0.05) entre os tratamentos para ganho de peso, taxa de crescimento específico, taxa de sobrevivência em ambas as fases de cultivo e para a taxa de reversão sexual ao final do experimento. As variações de salinidade no ambiente de cultivo não interferiram no desempenho zootécnico e índices de reversão sexual das tilápias quando alimentadas com S. platensis e ração comercial.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Produção de hortaliças com água de chuva armazenada em cisternas melhora a dieta alimentar das famílias rurais. 全文
2011
BRITO, L. T. de L. | CAVALCANTI, N. de B. | COSTA, N. D. | LUIZA TEIXEIRA DE LIMA BRITO, CPATSA; NILTON DE BRITO CAVALCANTI, CPATSA; NIVALDO DUARTE COSTA, CPATSA.
Como contribuição à política de governo, por meio do Programa Uma Terra e Duas Águas (P1+2), foram realizadas pesquisas no campo experimental da Embrapa Semiárido, durante três anos, cultivando-se diferentes espécies de hortaliças durante todo ano, utilizando água de chuva armazenada em cisterna com capacidade de 16 m3. Em cada canteiro, com área de 4 m2, foram aplicados 32 litros de água por dia, volume este variável em função da ocorrência de chuvas. Em todos os ciclos de cultivo das hortaliças, as produções obtidas foram significativas considerando as condições limitantes em que as hortaliças foram exploradas (baixa oferta de água, ausência de adubação química e de controle de pragas e doenças). Estes resultados podem contribuir com a melhoria da dieta alimentar das famílias, por meio da inserção de alimentos que contêm vitaminas e minerais.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]User manual for the projections software | Agricultural water use projections in the Nile basin to 2030: comparison with Food For Thought scenarios 全文
2011
Vibrio-Infektionen durch Lebensmittel und Meerwasser. Das Netzwerk „VibrioNet“ stellt sich vor | Vibrio infections from food and sea water. Introducing the "VibrioNet" 全文
2011
Alter, T. | Appel, B. | Bartelt, E. | Dieckmann, R. | Eichhorn, C. | Erler, R. | Frank, C. | Gerdts, G. | Gunzer, F. | Hühn, S. | Neifer, J. | Oberheitmann, B. | Strauch, E.
Vibrio is a genus of bacteria present in surface and coastal waters as well as in marine organisms worldwide. In many countries, pathogenic Vibrio species are a main cause of bacterial diarrhea, which may result from comsumption of contaminated seafood and fish products or from drinking contaminated water. Vibrio infections may also gain in importance in our regions due to global warming and the increase in the world trade of seafood. The research network "VibrioNet" studies pathogenic Vibrios in the marine environment and in seafood consumed by humans as a potential, new emerging zoonotic agent. An assessment of the risk arising from pathogenic non-cholera-vibrios in central Europe is the target of a multidisciplinary research effort. The research network will be strengthened by cooperations with international partners from countries in which Vibrio infections play a major role (Bangladesh, Chile, India, Thailand, and Vietnam).
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Ecotoxicological effects of an aged TiO₂ nanocomposite measured as apoptosis in the anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris after exposure through water, food and soil 全文
2011
Lapied, Emmanuel | Nahmani, Johanne Y. | Moudilou, Elara | Chaurand, Perrine | Labille, Jérôme | Rose, Jerome | Exbrayat, J. M. | Oughton, Deborah H. | Joner, Erik J.
Ecotoxicological effects of an aged TiO₂ nanocomposite measured as apoptosis in the anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris after exposure through water, food and soil 全文
2011
Lapied, Emmanuel | Nahmani, Johanne Y. | Moudilou, Elara | Chaurand, Perrine | Labille, Jérôme | Rose, Jerome | Exbrayat, J. M. | Oughton, Deborah H. | Joner, Erik J.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles seem to have a low toxicity to terrestrial organisms, though few studies are published in this area. TiO₂ used in sunscreens are nanocomposites where TiO₂ has been coated with magnesium, silica or alumina, as well as amphiphilic organics like polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS), and these coatings are modified by ageing. We assessed the ecotoxicity and propensity for bioaccumulation of an aged TiO₂ nanocomposite used in sunscreen cosmetics, and its potential effect on the frequency of apoptosis in different earthworm tissues. The earthworm Lumbricus terrestris was exposed to the TiO₂ nanocomposite for 7days in water or 2–8weeks in soil with the nanocomposite mixed either into food or soil at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100mgkg⁻¹. Apoptosis was then measured by immunohistochemistry and Ti localized by XRF microscopy. Results showed no mortality, but an enhanced apoptotic frequency which was higher in the cuticule, intestinal epithelium and chloragogenous tissue than in the longitudinal and circular musculature. TiO₂ nanoparticles did not seem to cross the intestinal epithelium/chloragogenous matrix barrier to enter the coelomic liquid, or the cuticule barrier to reach the muscular layers. No bioaccumulation of TiO₂ nanocomposites could thus be observed.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Ecotoxicological effects of an aged TiO2 nanocomposite measured as apoptosis in the anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris after exposure through water, food and soil 全文
2011
Lapied, Emmanuel | Nahmani, J. | Moudilou, Elara | Chaurand, Perrine | Labille, Jérôme | Rose, Jérôme | Exbrayat, Jean-Marie | Oughton, D. H. | Joner, E. J. | Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU) | Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE) ; Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
International audience | Titanium dioxide nanoparticles seem to have a low toxicity to terrestrial organisms, though few studies are published in this area. TiO2 used in sunscreens are nanocomposites where TiO2 has been coated with magnesium, silica or alumina, as well as amphiphilic organics like polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS), and these coatings are modified by ageing. We assessed the ccotoxicity and propensity for bioaccumulation of an aged TiO2 nanocomposite used in sunscreen cosmetics, and its potential effect on the frequency of apoptosis in different earthworm tissues. The earthworm Lumbricus terrestris was exposed to the TiO2 nanocomposite for 7 days in water or 2-8 weeks in soil with the nanocomposite mixed either into food or soil at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mg kg(-1). Apoptosis was then measured by immunohistochemistry and Ti localized by XRF microscopy. Results showed no mortality, but an enhanced apoptotic frequency which was higher in the cuticule, intestinal epithelium and chloragogenous tissue than in the longitudinal and circular musculature. TiO2 nanoparticles did not seem to cross the intestinal cpithelium/chloragogenous matrix barrier to enter the coclomic liquid, or the cuticule barrier to reach the muscular layers. No bioaccumulation of TiO2 nanocomposites could thus be observed.
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