This work is part of the Strategic Research Programme 2011-2016 and is funded by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS). | Peer reviewed

The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of three different food‐grade emulsifiers to form and stabilise an orange oil‐in‐water emulsion. The emulsifier type and concentration had a profound effect on the initial particle size of the oil droplets with Tween 80 being the most effective in reducing the particle size (1% w/w, 1.88 ± 0.01 μm) followed by sodium caseinate (10% w/w, 2.14 ± 0.03 μm) and gum arabic (10% w/w, 4.10 ± 0.24 μm). The long‐term stability of the concentrated beverages was monitored using Turbiscan analysis. The Turbiscan stability indices after 4 weeks of storage followed the order: Tween 80 (1.70 ± 0.08) < gum arabic (4.83 ± 0.53) < sodium caseinate (6.20 ± 1.56). The protein emulsifier was more capable to control the oxidation process, and this was attributed to the excess amount of emulsifier present in the aqueous phase. This study provides useful insights into the formulation of flavour emulsions by the beverage industry.

The data are given on annual and seasonal dynamics of the development, composition and structure of aquatic hydrobionts living in Krasnodar water reservoir. With the help of coefficients that characterize processes of biological production, we have counted how fish productivity can be increased due to the introduction of Far Eastern fish species and carp. The amount of food resources of Krasnodar water reservoir when used effectively may allow one to increase the total fish productivity of the water reservoir by 143.4 kg/ha. | Приводятся данные по годовой и сезонной динамике интенсивности развития, составу и структуре кормовых гидробионтов в Краснодарском водохранилище. Посредством использования коэффициентов, характеризующих биопродукционные процессы, рассчитан возможный объём увеличения рыбопродуктивности за счёт дополнительного вселения рыб дальневосточного комплекса и сазана. Объём кормовых ресурсов Краснодарского водохранилища при их эффективном использовании позволит увеличить общую рыбопродуктивность водоёма на 143,4 кг/га. | Published

The pressure on land is growing in many regions of the world, due to the increasing demand for arable crops, meat and dairy products, bio-energy and timber, and is exacerbated by land degradation and climate change. This policy report provides scenario projections for the UNCCD Global Land Outlook, exploring future changes to the use and condition of land and the resulting impacts on food, water, climate change and biodiversity.

In this paper, we describe ultrasonic assisted-dispersive solid phase extraction based on ion-imprinted polymer (UA-DSPE-IIP) nanoparticles for the selective extraction of lead ions. Ultrasound is a good and robust method to facilitate the extraction of the target ions in the sorption step and elution of the target ions in the desorption step. The ion-imprinted polymer nanoparticles used in the UA-DSPE-IIP were prepared by precipitation polymerization technique. The ion-imprinted polymer nanoparticles was synthesized using 2-vinylpyridine as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker, 2,2′- azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator, 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiol as the ligand, methanol/dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent, and lead as the template ion, through precipitation polymerization technique. The IIP nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used for optimization of sorption and desorption steps in UA-DSPE-IIP. In the sorption step: pH of solution, IIP amount (mg), sonication time (min) for sorption and in the desorption step: concentration of eluent (mol L⁻¹), volume of eluent (mL), and sonication time (s) for desorption was investigated and optimized by the Box-Behnken design. The optimum conditions for the method were pH of solution: 7.5, sonication time for sorption 7.5 min, IIP amount 24 mg, type and concentration of eluent HCl 1.4 mol L⁻¹, volume of eluent 2.1 mL, and sonication time for desorption 135 s. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection and relative standard deviation for the detection of lead ions by UA-DSPE-IIP was found to be 0.7 μg L⁻¹ and <4%, respectively.

Micronized grape skin powder (GS) and maltodextrin-encapsulated grape skin phenolics (eGSP) were recovered from winemaking byproducts as potential food ingredients. Hygroscopicity was higher in eGSP than in GS. Both eGSP and GS had intense color and less fermented odor than the wet GS. Phenolic content, antioxidant activity and inhibitory effectiveness towards enzymes related to hyperglycemia damage were ~ double in eGSP than in GS. During storage, the rate of phenolic degradation diminished with decreasing aw from 0.75 to 0.11. Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins were less stable than monomeric flavanols and flavonols. The rate of decrease in antioxidant activity was lower compared to the extent of phenolic degradation. At aw 0.11 no degradation was observed in eGSP, while anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin contents slightly decreased in GS (k∗103 in the range 0.69–2.94d−1). Criteria for GS and eGSP storage were defined in relation to their final uses.The conversion of winemaking by products into value added products is considered the unique strategy to overcome the cost of not recycling, including waste disposal and decontamination of affected areas. As winemaking is a seasonal activity, long-term stability of recovered byproducts is needed for their further utilization. GS and eGSP represent potential value-added food ingredients for wide-ranging applications (antioxidant, colorant, phenolic sources) and tailor-made functionalities (inhibitors of enzymes related to hyperglycemia). The results obtained led to the definition of criteria for GS and eGSP storage, which depend on their final use in foods, as illustrated by two discussed scenarios.

A novel ultrasound-assisted liquid phase microextraction (UALPME) based on environmental friendly extractants, deep eutectic solvent (DES) was first time presented for speciation of selenium. In present study, five DES solvents of different composition was prepared and used as efficient extractive medium for hydrophobic chelate of Se(IV) with 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB). The total inorganic Se species were determined after pre-reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV), prior to applying developed method. The concentration of Se(VI) was calculated by the difference of Se(IV) values and total selenium contents. The concentration of Se in DES rich phase was measured with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer (ETAAS). The effects of different parameters on extraction efficiency of study analyte, including pH, ligand concentration, type and volume of DES, sonication time, volumes tetrahydrofuran and aqueous samples were examined. At the optimum conditions, limit of detection and quantification, preconcentration factor, and relative standard deviation (RSD %) were determined as 4.61ngL⁻¹, 15.4ngL⁻¹, 50% and 4.1%, respectively. The accuracy of the presented method was confirmed by analysis of certified reference material and standard addition method for different water and ice tea samples. The developed method was effectively applied to real water and food samples.

Bisphenol A (BPA) contamination in foods and beverages usually occurs as a result of migration from the packages that contain it. In this context, a simple, easy-to-use, and efficient method was developed for the spectrophotometric determination of BPA in food, milk, and water samples in contact with plastic products after preconcentration by ultrasonic-thermostatic-assisted cloud point extraction (UTA-CPE). The method is based on the charge transfer-sensitive complexation of BPA with 3-methylamino-7-dimethylaminophenothiazin-5-ium chloride (AzB) in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at pH 8.5 and then extraction of the formed complex into the micellar phase of polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether (Brij 35). The effects of the analytical variables affecting complex formation and extraction efficiency were systematically studied and optimized. Under optimized conditions, a good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 1.2–160 μg L⁻¹ with a detection limit of 0.35 μg L⁻¹. After preconcentration of a sample of 20 mL, a sensitivity enhancement factor was found to be 180. The accuracy and reliability of the method were evaluated by recovery studies from the spiked quality control samples and intraday and interday precision studies. From the studies conducted, the extraction efficiency (E%) was in the range of 94–103% with a relative standard deviation lower than 5.2% (as RSD%, n = 5). The method was successfully applied to the preconcentration and determination of BPA from the selected sample matrices. Graphical Abstract Migration of bisphenol A into the foodstuffs

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