A numerical method to interpret aqueous extract methods is presented. The numerical model is solved with CORE and allows to account for: 1) dilution, 2) kinetic mineral dissolution and precipitation processes; 3) equilibrium mineral dissolution and precipitation processes; 4) cation exchange; 5) aqueous complexation and acid base reactions; and 6) gas dissolution/ex-solution. The methodology has been successfully applied to model aqueous extract tests performed with distilled and granitic waters of several durations and at different ratios R between mass of added water to mass of soil sample ranging from 1 to 16. Although the method has been tested with bentonites used for sealing and backfilling radiactive waste disposal, it should be applicable to any type of soil. | Se presenta una metodología numérica para la interpretación de los resultados de ensayos de extractos acuosos basada en la modelización hidrogeoquímica del ensayo. El modelo numérico se ha resuelto con el código de transporte reactivo CORE desarrollado en la Universidad de La Coruña y permite tener en cuenta: (1) La dilución del agua intersticial inicial; (2) Los procesos cinéticos de disolución/precipitación de fases minerales; (3) La disolución/precipitación de fases minerales en condiciones de equilibrio; (4) El intercambio catiónico; (5) las reacciones ácido-base y de formación de complejos acuosos; y (6) La disolución/ex-solución de gases. La metodología se ha aplicado con éxito a la modelización de ensayos de extractos acuosos realizados con agua destilada y agua granítica a distintas duraciones (entre 1 y 30 días) y a distintas relaciones R entre la masa de agua añadida y la masa de muestra que varían entre 1 y 16. Aunque la metodología ha sido desarrollada para las bentonitas utilizadas como material de relleno y sellado de almacenamientos de residuos radiactivos, es aplicable a cualquier tipo de suelo.

A numerical method to interpret aqueous extract methods is presented. The numerical model is solved with CORE and allows to account for: 1) dilution, 2) kinetic mineral dissolution and precipitation processes; 3) equilibrium mineral dissolution and precipitation processes; 4) cation exchange; 5) aqueous complexation and acid base reactions; and 6) gas dissolution/ex-solution. The methodology has been successfully applied to model aqueous extract tests performed with distilled and granitic waters of several durations and at different ratios R between mass of added water to mass of soil sample ranging from 1 to 16. Although the method has been tested with bentonites used for sealing and backfilling radiactive waste disposal, it should be applicable to any type of soil. | Se presenta una metodolog.a num.rica para la interpretaci.n de los resultados de ensayos de extractos acuosos basada en la modelizaci.n hidrogeoqu.mica del ensayo. El modelo num.rico se ha resuelto con el c.digo de transporte reactivo CORE desarrollado en la Universidad de La Coru.a y permite tener en cuenta: (1) La diluci.n del agua intersticial inicial; (2) Los procesos cin.ticos de disoluci.n/precipitaci.n de fases minerales; (3) La disoluci.n/precipitaci.n de fases minerales en condiciones de equilibrio; (4) El intercambio cati.nico; (5) las reacciones .cido-base y de formaci.n de complejos acuosos; y (6) La disoluci.n/ex-soluci.n de gases. La metodolog.a se ha aplicado con .xito a la modelizaci.n de ensayos de extractos acuosos realizados con agua destilada y agua gran.tica a distintas duraciones (entre 1 y 30 d.as) y a distintas relaciones R entre la masa de agua a.adida y la masa de muestra que var.an entre 1 y 16. Aunque la metodolog.a ha sido desarrollada para las bentonitas utilizadas como material de relleno y sellado de almacenamientos de residuos radiactivos, es aplicable a cualquier tipo de suelo.

The efficacy of different proportions of silt-loam/bentonite mixtures overlying a vadose zone in controlling solute leaching to groundwater was quantified. Laboratory experiments were carried out using three large soil columns, each packed with 200-cm-thick riverbed soil covered by a 2-cm-thick bentonite/silt-loam mixture as the low-permeability layer (with bentonite mass accounting for 12, 16 and 19 % of the total mass of the mixture). Reclaimed water containing ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃⁻), organic matter (OM), various types of phosphorus and other inorganic salts was applied as inflow. A one-dimensional mobile–immobile multi-species reactive transport model was used to predict the preferential flow and transport of typical pollutants through the soil columns. The simulated results show that the model is able to predict the solute transport in such conditions. Increasing the amount of bentonite in the low-permeability layer improves the removal of NH₄⁺and total phosphorous (TP) because of the longer contact time and increased adsorption capacity. The removal of NH₄⁺and OM is mainly attributed to adsorption and biodegradation. The increase of TP and NO₃⁻concentration mainly results from discharge and nitrification in riverbed soils, respectively. This study underscores the role of low-permeability layers as barriers in groundwater protection. Neglect of fingers or preferential flow may cause underestimation of pollution risk.