Abstract The effect of consuming treated water from oil production on the reproductive indicators of dualpurpose bovine females was assessed. The study was carried out at the municipality of Villavicencio, department of Meta, Colombia. Twenty-four F1 Cebu x Holstein Friesian cows were selected and randomly distributed in four treatments, each treatment with the permanent disposition of a previously tested reproductive bull. The selected groups consumed water at will of treated production under grazing conditions, as follows: 1. 100 % treated production water, 2. mixture of 50 % of treated production water and 50 % of deep-well water (DWW), 3. mixture of 25 % of treated production water and 75 % of DWW, and 4. 100 % of DWW (Control). The variables evaluated in each animal were: age at first birth (AFB), age at first conception (AFC), interval between births (IBB), birthconception interval (BCI), and the number of calves/cow per year or birth rate. The statistical analysis included Shapiro-Wilk and normality tests, one-way analysis of variance, and the Kruskal-Wallis test, employing the SPSS-22 software to carry out the analyses. The results found indicated for AFB and AFC between treatments, means that ranged from 20.8 and 25.1 months and 30.2 to 34.5 months, respectively, without significant differences (p > 0.05). The variables IBB, BCI, and birth rates showed means between 339 to 466 days, 57 to 184 days, and 0.78 to 1.08, respectively. No significant differences were found between the animals that consumed and did not consume treated production water. | Resumen En el presente artículo se estudió el efecto del consumo de agua tratada proveniente de la producción del petróleo sobre indicadores reproductivos de la hembra bovina de doble propósito. Este se desarrolló en el municipio de Villavicencio, departamento del Meta, Colombia. Los animales seleccionados fueron 24 vacas F1, Cebú × Holstein Friesian, distribuidos al azar en cuatro tratamientos, cada uno con disposición permanente de toro reproductor previamente probado y que consumieron agua a voluntad de producción tratada utilizada bajo condiciones de pastoreo, así: 1) 100 % de agua de producción tratada, 2) mezcla de 50 % de agua de producción tratada y 50 % de agua de pozo profundo (PP), 3) mezcla de 25 % de agua de producción tratada y 75 % de agua PP, y 4) 100 % de agua PP (control). Las variables evaluadas en cada animal fueron las siguientes: la edad al primer parto (EPP), la edad a la primera concepción (EPC), el intervalo entre parto (IEP), el intervalo parto concepción (IPC), número de terneros/vaca año o tasa de natalidad. El análisis estadístico comprendió prueba de normalidad, Shapiro-Wilk, análisis de varianza de una vía y prueba de Kruskall-Wallis; además, se empleó el software SPSS-22. Los resultados encontrados indicaron para EPC y EPP entre tratamientos medias que oscilaron 20,8 y 25,1 meses y 30,2 a 34,5 meses, respectivamente, sin diferencias significativas (p > 0,05). Las variables IEP, IPC y tasas de natalidad estuvieron entre 339 a 466 días, 57 a 184 días, y 0,78 a 1,08, respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias entre los animales que consumieron y no consumieron agua de producción tratada.

<p>O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Estação Agrometereológica, UFC, em Fortaleza/Ceará, no período de setembro a novembro de 2012, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação nas características agronômicas do amendoinzeiro, cultivar BRS 1 em solo com e sem biofertilizante bovino. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com cinco repetições, referente aos valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação:0,8; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m^-1, em solo sem e com biofertilizante bovino, aplicado de uma única vez, ao nível de 10% do volume do substrato, três dias antes da semeadura. As variáveis analisadas foram: número de folhas, altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar, comprimento de raiz, matéria seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total. O aumento da concentração salina da água de irrigação reduziu a área foliar, matéria seca da parte aérea, matéria seca total e comprimento da raiz do amendoinzeiro, porém com menor intensidade no solo com o biofertilizante bovino. A elevação da salinidade do solo decorrente da irrigação com água salina provoca redução na altura da planta, diâmetro do caule e matéria seca da raiz.</p> <p>Palavra-chave: estresse salino, índices fisiológicos, insumo orgânico.</p><p> </p><p><strong>PEANUT CULTURE IRRIGATED WITH SALINE WATER IN SOIL WITH BOVINE BIOFERTILIZER</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong> </strong>This experiment was conducted at the agrometeorological experimental station, at the UFC, Fortaleza-CE (BR), in the period from September 2012 to November 2012, aiming to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity on the agronomic characteristics of BRS 1 peanut plant, in bio fertilized and non-bio fertilized soil. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with five repetitions. Five different saline solutions (or irrigation water), identified by their respective electrical conductivities: 0.8, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m^-1, were applied (only once) to bio fertilized and non-bio fertilized soil, at 10% of the substrate volume, three days before sowing. The analyzed variables were number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root length, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass. The increasing of salt concentration on irrigation water reduced peanut plant leaf area, shoot dry mass, total dry mass and root length, but that reduction happened with less intensity in bio fertilized soil. The increase in soil salinity due to irrigation with saline water caused a reduction in plant height, stem diameter and root dry mass.</p> <p>Keywords: salt stress, physiological indexes, organic fertilizer.</p><p><strong><strong style="text-align: justify;">DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v02n02a04">http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v02n02a04</a></strong></strong></p>

Botulism in cattle occurs by ingestion of botulinum toxin C and/or D. Seven outbreaks of the poisoning in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo are reported. The clinical and pathological data, epidemiology and laboratory findings indicate a possible intake of the toxin through contaminated water. The average mortality rate was 20.1%, with 99.2% lethality and 31.62% morbidity. From about 9,000 cattle envolved in the outbreaks, 2,844 animals died, predominantly with a hyperacute and acute clinical picture. The high morbidity rates were observed within a short period and affected all categories of cattle, with a clinical and pathological picture characterized by paresis and paralysis of the muscles of locomotion, swallowing and mastigation, with abscence of gross lesions at post-mortem examination. The outbreaks were related to the presence of decomposed animal carcasses or vegetal material in the drinking water. Botulinum toxins C and/or D were detected in water samples, viscera and blood serum of a considerable number of materials examined. | Botulismo em bovinos resulta da ingestão de toxina previamente formada. No presente trabalho são descritos sete surtos da intoxicação onde os dados clínico-patológicos, epidemiológicos e os achados laboratoriais indicaram a possível ingestão da toxina através da água contaminada. O coeficiente médio de mortalidade foi de 20,1%, com letalidade de 99,92%, e morbidade de 31,62%. Dos cerca de 9.000 bovinos envolvidos nos surtos, 2.844 morreram com quadro clínico predominantemente superagudo e agudo. A alta morbidade e mortalidade foram registradas num curto período de tempo e envolveram todas as categorias animais, com quadro clínico-patológico caracterizado por paresia e paralisia da musculatura da locomoção, deglutição e mastigação e ausência de lesões macroscópicas. As circunstâncias em que ocorreram os surtos estiveram relacionadas com a existência de carcaças de animais decompostas ou matéria orgânica vegetal na água de dessedentação. Foram detectadas toxinas botulínicas C e/ou D nas coleções de água, nas vísceras e no soro sangüíneo de parte considerável dos materiais examinados.