he objective was to characterize the water quality in a section of the Grijalva River and in some of its tributaries on the border between the States of Chiapas and Tabasco, in the rainy and dry seasons. Twenty-three physical, chemical and microbiological parameters as well as contaminants were determined. The values obtained were compared with the maximum permissible limits (MPLs) for water use and human consumption set out in O cial Mexican standard NOM-127-SSA1-1994, and with the water quality classi cation scale of the Comisión Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA). The water quality in the studied section of the Grijalva River decreases as it descends to more populated areas of the State of Tabasco. Water turbidity and E. coli coliform levels increase, both in the river channels and in sources destined for human consumption. For the other variables evaluated, there are acceptable water quality characteristics, mainly in the dry season, except for mercury, which occurs at levels higher than those recommended. Further studies on the presence of mercury in the Grijalva River basin are recommended.

Abstract The flow water in the Texcoco River is basically residual water used for crop irrigation, due to the scarcity of water in the zone. Its quality and degree of pollution are unknown, that is why the objective of the present study was to diagnose the pollution of the water discharged in the river, based on the Official Mexican Standard (NOM-001-ECOL-1996). The 14 main discharges to the river were selected and, on 10 occasions, compound samples were taken from June 2004 to April 2005. The residual water of the Texcoco River has a moderate concentration of mineral salts which, in the medium term, may affect soil and crops; the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus do not present any risk for crop irrigation and urban public use, but possibly they may for aquatic wild life. The content of helminth eggs slightly surpasses the limits established by the standard, but the presence of fecal coliforms widely exceeded the permissible limit, therefore, these aspects represent a health risk for the inhabitants of the zones near the river, and it is urgent to initiate the treatment of this residual water. | Resumen El agua que escurre en el río Texcoco es principalmente agua residual que se utiliza en la irrigación de cultivos, debido a la escasez de agua en la zona. Se desconoce su calidad y grado de contaminación, por lo que el presente trabajo tuvo como propósito diagnosticar la contaminación del agua descargada en el río, con base en la Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM-001ECOL-1996). Se seleccionaron las 14 descargas principales al río y se tomaron muestras compuestas en 10 ocasiones, de junio de 2004 a abril de 2005. El agua residual del río Texcoco presenta una concentración moderada de sales minerales que, a mediano plazo, pueden afectar el suelo y los cultivos; las concentraciones de nitrógeno y fósforo no representan riesgo para el riego de cultivos y el uso público urbano, pero posiblemente si para la vida acuática silvestre. El contenido de huevos de helmintos supera ligeramente el límite establecido en la norma; pero la presencia de coliformes fecales rebasó por mucho el límite permisible estipulado en ella, por lo que estos aspectos representan un riesgo para la salud de los habitantes de zonas cercanas a las márgenes del río, y es urgente iniciar el tratamiento de esta agua residual.

Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água de usos múltiplos e utilizada na produção leiteira em doze propriedades na região da Gameleira, no Município de Sacramento, MG. [Water microbiological characteristics in dairy properties in Sacramento, MG]. | Edição dos Resumos do VI Congresso Latinoamericano e XII Congresso Brasileiro de Higienistas Alimentos, II Encontro Nacional de Vigilância das Zoonoses, IV Encontro do Sistema Brasileiro de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Gramado, RS, abr., 2013.

159 páginas | El estudio se llevó a cabo en la subcuenca Aguas Calientes, Somoto, Nicaragua entre enero y julio 2004, con el propósito de hacer un análisis socioambiental del uso y manejo del agua, mediante la identificación de sistemas de agua para diferentes fines, determinación de la oferta climática y también las fuentes de amenazas de contaminación del agua. Se analizaron fuentes de agua para consumo humano mediante los parámetros pH, coliformes fecales, nitratos y cloro residual. El estudio contempló la recopilación del conocimiento local en el uso y manejo del agua. Todo el análisis conllevó a propuestas de alternativas con lineamientos y acciones sostenibles para el manejo del agua para diferentes fines. El balance hídrico y el método de precipitación en exceso muestran un déficit hídrico siendo mayo y septiembre los que tienen lluvia por encima de la precipitación. | The study was carried out in the Aguas Calientes Sub-River Basin, Somoto, Nicaragua, from January to July 2004, with the purpose to perform a socio-environmental analysis of water use and management through identifying water systeMON for different purposes, climate offer determination, and possible polluting threats to water. Human consumption sources were analyzed through pH, fecal coliforMON, nitrates and residual clorine parameters. The study also compiled local knowledge of water use and management. All analyses brought to bear a proposal of alternatives with lineaments and sustainable actions directed to water management for different purposes needed in the community. The hydrological balance and precipitation excess method showed water deficit in the sub-basin, with higher precipitation than evaporation from May to September. | 32 ilustraciones. 16 tablas | Referencias en las páginas 126-129 | Tesis (M. Sc) -- CATIE, Turrialba (Costa Rica), 2004

17 pages, 2 tables, 4 figures | [EN] Physical, chemical and biological parameters were measured in March and November 2014. These water analyses were carried out at 22 sites on the coast of Puerto San Carlos (Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico), with the objective of assessing water quality and identifying possible sources of water pollution and its status according to Mexican regulations. The study area was divided into three zones according to its main activity: (1) thermoelectric power station, (2) fiscal port harbor and (3) San Carlos es-tuary, adjacent to the to the town of the same name. The measured physical, chemical and biological parameters were temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, nutrients, dissolved trace metals, and coliform bacteria. The results showed poor water quality in the three areas studied, in accordance with NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996 and the ecological criteria for water quality CE-CCA-001/89, in particular regarding phosphate, ammonium, and silicate (unregulated) concentrations, as well as the pres-ence of Escherichia coli. The three zones are considered sources of anthropogenic contamination whose impact is greater in the warmest month and dead tides, probably due to the entry of water contaminated by anthropogenic waste derivatives. According to the sanitary authorities of the state of Baja California Sur, the certification of water quality in Magdalena Bay has been variable: it was not certified in 2014, whilst in the period 2015-2017 it was re-certified. Although this region is an important touristic and fishing site, it is at risk of contamination due to the lack of a wastewater treatment system in the town and the inadequate disposal of raw sewage from the port | [ES] En marzo y noviembre de 2014 se llevaron a cabo mediciones de parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos del agua superficial en 22 sitios del litoral de Puerto San Carlos (Bahía Magdalena, Baja California Sur, México), con el objetivo de evaluar la calidad del agua, identificar las posibles fuentes de contaminación y su estatus de acuerdo con la reglamentación mexicana. El área de estudio fue dividida en tres zonas según su actividad principal: 1) central termoeléctrica, 2) muelle fiscal portuario y (3) estero San Carlos, aledaño al poblado del mismo nombre. Los parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos medidos fueron: temperatura, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto, clorofila-a, nutrientes, metales traza disueltos y bacterias coliformes. Los resultados mostraron una mala calidad del agua en las tres zonas estudiadas, de acuerdo con la NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996 y los Criterios Ecológicos de Calidad del Agua CE-CCA-001/89, en particular con relación a los niveles de fosfato, amonio, silicato (no reglamentado) y la presencia de Escherichia coli. Las tres zonas se consideran fuentes de contaminación y su impacto es mayor en el mes más cálido y en mareas muertas, debido probablemente a la entrada de aguas contaminadas con derivados de residuos antrópicos. De acuerdo con las autoridades sanitarias del estado de Baja California Sur, la certificación de calidad del agua en Bahía Magdalena ha sido variable: en 2014 no fue certificada, mientras que en el periodo 2015-2017 fue nuevamente certificada. Esta región, que constituye un importante sitio de aprovechamiento pesquero y turístico, se encuentra en riesgo de contaminación debido a la falta de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales en el poblado y a la inadecuada disposición de aguas grises y negras del puerto | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) e Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), proyectos 2013CD0014 y SIP-20140850, respectivamente | Peer reviewed

El estudio se llevó a cabo en la subcuenca Aguas Calientes, Somoto, Nicaragua entre enero y julio 2004, con el propósito de hacer un análisis socioambiental del uso y manejo del agua, mediante la identificación de sistemas de agua para diferentes fines, determinación de la oferta climática y también las fuentes de amenazas de contaminación del agua. Se analizaron fuentes de agua para consumo humano mediante los parámetros pH, coliformes fecales, nitratos y cloro residual. El estudio contempló la recopilación del conocimiento local en el uso y manejo del agua. Todo el análisis conllevó a propuestas de alternativas con lineamientos y acciones sostenibles para el manejo del agua para diferentes fines. El balance hídrico y el método de precipitación en exceso muestran un déficit hídrico siendo mayo y septiembre los que tienen lluvia por encima de la precipitación. | The study was carried out in the Aguas Calientes Sub-River Basin, Somoto, Nicaragua, from January to July 2004, with the purpose to perform a socio-environmental analysis of water use and management through identifying water systeMON for different purposes, climate offer determination, and possible polluting threats to water. Human consumption sources were analyzed through pH, fecal coliforMON, nitrates and residual clorine parameters. The study also compiled local knowledge of water use and management. All analyses brought to bear a proposal of alternatives with lineaments and sustainable actions directed to water management for different purposes needed in the community. The hydrological balance and precipitation excess method showed water deficit in the sub-basin, with higher precipitation than evaporation from May to September.

In order to determine if artificially collected water fog in the mountainous located in central the region of Veracruz state is suitable for human consumption; a preliminary sampling was made, from January to March (2010), the period with more fog frequency. The objective was to analyze the physical, chemical and biological aspects concerning water quality. It was found that this water is not suitable for direct human consumption, since it contains heavy metals such as mercury, coliform organisms and high amounts of ammonia nitrogen, though it is suitable for direct use in agriculture. However, it is possible to apply a sanitation treatment for human use at a cost of 0.00341 USD L-1 not including the labor cost neither the necessary infrastructure. Various causes can lead to this water pollution are discussed and it is concluded that collected fog water is not suitable for human consumption, but it might be used for agriculture.