对从法国引进的7个春播啤酒大麦品种,进行了生育时期及产量相关性状的鉴定与评价,旨在筛选适宜河北保定地区种植的优良啤酒大麦品种,并为育种改良提供种质来源。结果表明:7个外引品种在产量水平上存在显著差异,其中SB1和SB3品种表现生育期较短、分蘖能力强、成穗率高、产量高及抗倒伏性能好等特点,适宜在该地区种植,且具有可直接利用于生产的可能性。此外,7个引进品种的产量性状遗传基础较为丰富,可作为种质材料利用。

为了筛选出适合温室栽培的厚皮甜瓜品种,对8个厚皮甜瓜品种的果实性状、抗病性、生育期和丰产性以及植株生长形态等性状在日光温室中的表现进行了比较。结果表明:(1)金冠在果实品质和丰产性方面与对照品种伊丽莎白相当,在果实大小、香味方面超过对照品种,具有潜在推广价值,但其抗霜霉病能力较差。(2)品种C和品种E的果实品质和丰产性虽然差于伊丽莎白,但其抗霜霉病能力较强。

甘薯新品种金山679是以金山57和广薯87为亲本经杂交选育而成，表现高产、稳产、食味品质好。研究金山679的高产生理特性，结果表明：该品种在整个生育时期均维持较大的叶面积指数，保持较高的光合生产能力；同时块根库容大，接纳同化物质能力强，同化产物积累于块根的比例也较高。上述生理特性显示金山679具有较高的产量潜力，形成高产的生理基础。[著者文摘] | A new sweet potato variety Jinshan679 was bred from the hybrid offspring of Jinshan 57 and Guangshu87. with high stable yield, good eating quality. The high - yield physiological characteristics of Jins- ban 679 were studied. The results showed that Jinshan 679 maintains a relatively high level throughout the whole growing period, therefore kept high photosynthetic production capacity. At the same time, the variety demonstrates stronger ability to accumulation with a higher sink capacity, and the ratio of assimilation production was higher in the tuberous roots. The variety had high resistance against drought. All the above showed the high - yield physiological basis and potential of the variety.

中国湿地专栏编者按：湿地是地球上最重要的生态系统之一，它具有丰富的生物多样性，是众务物种的基因库。湿地具有很高的生产力，可以源源不断地向人们提供粮食、肉食、药材、能源、木材、芦苇、水产等生活生产用品，同时还是众多水禽和野生动物的栖息地。因此，可以毫不...

本报告对促进中国水产养殖发展的原因和要素、包括公共部门的政策进行 了分析，目的是了解这一发展的前景，向世界其它各国、特别是向发展 中国家提供中国的经验，因为作为实现粮食安全和经济增长的一部分，它们正在 奋力发展水产养殖业。中国水产养殖业的增长似乎是由实现粮食自给的国家政策 及经济原因所驱动，它们包括创造就业，特别是为农村社区；创造和积累国家、 地区和个人不动产及财富以及赚取购买资产物资所急需的外汇，以便在经历了外 国控制和内战并于1949年共和国诞生后重建国家经济。 该部门的发展主要通过两种政策体制实现：从1949年至1978年中央计划的 人人平等模式和1978年之后开放的市场经济体制。在第一个模式中，政府全面 严格控制从生产到销售的每一个环节，因此缺少来自生产者和消费者的投入以 及在生产与消费决策过程中缺少对市场作用和其它信号的重视。按照这个模式， 发展是缓慢的。在第二个、也就是最为有效的模式中，经济和政策改革得到执 行，允许生产者对生产和销售作出决定。重点放在全面利用生产资源，其中包 括人力因素、适宜的水面、滩涂及水渍地等。对研究和技术、包括本地品种和 外来品种在内的养殖品种多样性，推广商业价值高的品种、建立覆盖基层的全 国水产养殖推广网络、建立及不断完善可行的政策和法规框架等方面的投资， 也同样得到促进。 由于政府持续积极的政策、恰当的预先计划、设计科学的生产技术、完好的 管理以及日趋重要的水产品世界需求，中国的水产养殖业在国内和国际可以并且 有能力做到使生产稳定、持续及具有竞争性。可以从中国的经历中学习到宝贵的 经验：(1) 水产养殖业能够以一种可持续的方式发展，创造食品和就业，改善农村 和城市居民的收入和生活，从而减少饥饿和贫困；(2) 经济上充满活力而又可持续 的水产养殖业的动力是政府制定良好政策支持该部门的意愿和决心，特别是发布 具体政策；同样，市场也决定对产品的需求；(3) 全面利用生产要素，包括人力资 源；为发展该部门而不断完善法规框架；生产技术的科研突破将会加强水产养殖 业并确保其持续性，进而使水产养殖业推动国家整体经济发展。

野生动物繁育作为野生动物保护的重要方法之一,能够增加产品供应量,使繁育产品进入合法市场与非法来源的产品形成竞争,降低偷猎者利润; 能够提供更为优质的动物产品,代替非可持续的生存狩猎; 能够保存与保护珍贵濒危野生物种,并为实现野外放归提供种群基础,起到保护野生动物的积极作用。但是,目前的繁育仍然存在着以下问题,包括:一些动物繁育依赖野外种群; 部分消费者更热衷于野生动物; 在繁育条件下可能会存在野生动物“洗钱”问题。为规避野生动物的非可持续利用,减少偷猎,发挥动物繁育促进野生动物保护事业上的优势,应该加强对繁育行业的科学合理管理,通过提高繁育技术,进一步加强野生动物的标记管理,强化宣传与执法力度,并使各部门紧密合作,减少繁育对野生动物保护的负面影响。

通过耕地粮食生产能力与粮食现实产量的对比，分析耕地的粮食增产潜力及其省际差异。以105个农业生态小区为研究单元，在确定能够充分发挥当地气候资源潜力的种植制度的基础上，根据粮食作物审定品种的区域试验产量，计算了各区域各个耕地亚类的粮食单产能力；再分别乘以各县2004年相应耕地亚类的面积，得到2004年各县的耕地粮食总生产能力，进而汇总出各省以及全国的耕地粮食总生产能力；结合近3年（2002～2004年）的粮食现实产量，分析耕地的粮食增产潜力、粮食生产能力开发程度及其省际差异。2004年全国耕地粮食总生产能力为9.20亿t，远高于全国近3年4.52亿t的粮食平均产量，目前粮食安全的耕地资源保障程度较高。从各省的计算结果来看，除新疆以外，单位耕地的生产能力和增产潜力均表现出从东南向西北递减的趋势，其中内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、青海、西藏5个从东北向西南延伸的省区最低；位于中国广大北部、西南部的省市，受土壤质量、灌溉条件的限制，粮食生产能力的开发程度低，粮食生产虽有一定增产空间，但实施难度较大或需大量投入。保障粮食安全首先要抓好中国农业生产基础较好的东部、中部地区的粮食生产；同时也要加大广大北部、西南部地区的农业基础设施投入，积极开展土地整理、中低产田改造，进一步开发这些地区的粮食生产能力。 | The purpose of this paper is to explain the potential of increasing grain production in each province and to explain interprovincial differences by comparing the potential grain production and the actual grain yield of cultivated lands. First, cropping systems were determined for 105 agro-ecological regions, through which potential climatic productivity could be sufficiently developed. Based on the regional test yield of the certificated grain cultivars and cropping systems, the potential grain productivity of per unit area was calculated. The gross potential grain productivity in each county, province and Mainland China was obtained by multiplying the potential grain productivity of per unit area and the cultivated land area in 2004. By comparing it with the actual yield, the potential to increase grain production, the exploitation level of potential grain productivity and the differences between each province were acquired. The results show that the gross grain potential productivity in Mainland China was 0.92 billion ton in 2004 and that there was a large gap between the potential grain productivity and the actual yield, averaging 0.45 billion ton in recent three years. There is high assurance for grain security at present. From the results of each province, the average potential grain productivity of per unit area declines from the provinces in the southeast to those in the northwest of China, apart from Sinkiang, while that of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, stretching from northeast to southwest of China, is lower than that of the others. The potential to increase production per unit area captured the same trend as the potential grain productivity per unit area, which indicates that the more potential grain productivity, the more potential to increase production for a province. The provinces lying in the north and southwest of China witness low level of potential grain productivity and exploitation because of the limitation of soil quality and irrigation conditions. These are the areas where soil is hard or needs too much investment to explore more potential grain productivity. As such, in order to ensure food security, food production in the east and middle of China, where basic agricultural bases are relative better, there should be more emphasis. In addition, basic agricultural infrastructure construction, land consolidation and the improvement of medium or low-yield cultivated lands should also be advocated in the north and southwest of China to explore the potential grain productivity.

为促进中国边际土地草本能源植物种植与生物质原料生产,基于京郊边际土地草本能源植物规模化种植的实践,从生产潜力、生物质品质、生物质利用潜力、生态效应等4个方面对荻的应用潜力进行了分析评价。结果表明：荻在京郊挖沙废弃地上的生产潜力为2.31t/hm2,达到京郊耕地条件下的8.41%,生物质品质优良,其标准煤折算当量、沼气产量、纤维素乙醇产量分别为1.42t/hm2、289.99m3/hm2、0.59t/hm2,分别达到京郊耕地条件下的8.38%、8.37%、8.15%,生态效应明显。荻在边际土地上具备良好的应用潜力。 | For the promotion of cultivation of herbaceous bioenergy plant and production of biomass feedstock on marginal land in China, the evaluation of application potential oi silver reed was conducted, including the analysis of production potential, biomass quality, biomass utilization potential and ecological effects, based on the practical activies of the large-scale cultivation of herbaceous bioenergy plant on marginal land in Beijing suburb. The results showed that the production potential of silver reed was 2.31 t ・ hm 2 on abandoned sandpits in Beijing suburb, accounting for 8.41% of that on arable land in Beijing suburb. With good biomass quality and ecological effect, its standard coal equivalent,biogas and cellulosic ethanol yield were 1.42 t ・hm-2 ,289.99 m3 ・ hm-2 ,0.59 t ・hm-2, respectively, accounting for 8.38% ,8.37% ,8. 15% of that on arable land in Beijing suburb. Silver reed has a great application potential on marginal land in the future.

苜蓿（Medicago satire）秋眠性（fall dormancy）是苜蓿在秋季因日照长度变短和气温下降时的一种适应性生长特性，这种生长特性与苜蓿的抗寒性和生产性能相关。自20世纪20年代Oakley发现苜蓿秋眠性以来，国外许多学者相继对不同秋眠性苜蓿品种的生长习性、根系形态、生产能力、抗寒性等进行了大量研究。结果表明，秋眠性苜蓿秋季刈割后顶端生长长度很短，产量低，但越冬性增强，非秋眠型苜蓿则相反。

能源草是一类重要的能源植物。立足北方地区边际土地,我国已在能源草种质资源收集筛选、产量潜力评价、生物质品质分析、生态效应评估等方面开展了大量研究工作,并取得重要研究进展。在我国北方有栽培历史且生物质产量高于3.0t/（hm2.年）的草种主要有23种,其中生物质产量高于20t/（hm2.年）的有柳枝稷（Panicum virgatum）、芒草（Miscanthus spp.）、芦竹（Arundodonax）和杂交狼尾草（Pennisetum americanum×P.Purpureum）4种,它们在适应性、产量、品质方面各有优势,在我国北方地区开发利用前景广阔,但存在杂交狼尾草在我国北方地区不能越冬,芦竹和低地型柳枝稷越冬率低的问题。因此,在我国北方地区收集能源草资源,既要考虑产量、品质,还需兼具耐寒、抗旱或耐盐能力。在广泛收集资源的基础上,明确各能源草在我国北方的适应范围、种植区划和发展潜力,通过育种技术进一步提高能源草的产量、品质和抗逆能力,建立配套栽培管理技术,实现能源草多元化、区域化种植利用,对其经济社会效益和生态效应进行系统评估,构建评价技术体系,应是目前我国北方能源草开发利用的重点研究方向。 | Bioenergy grasses display many beneficial attributes as energy crops,and a lot of works have been carried out for their germplasm screening,yield and quality evaluation,ecological effects evaluation in the north of China.23 species of grass continuously cultivated in the north area with biomass yield higher than 3.0 t/（hm2・year） have been identified.Among these species,the biomass yield of switchgrass（Panicum virgatum）,miscanthus（Miscanthus spp.）,giant reed（Arundodonax） and hybrid pennisetum（Pennisetum americanum×P.Purpureum） are higher than 20 t/（hm2・year）,they have been superior in adaptability,yield and quality etc.The four kinds of grasses are promising in the north area,but existing problems should be taken into consideration：hybrid pennisetum cannot live through the winter;giant reed and highland ecotype＇s switchgrass have a low overwintering rate.In conclusion,the germplasm collected in north area should be with superior yield,quality and relatively high cold,drought and salt resistance.The main researches on the development and utilization of bioenergy grass in north area include：extensive collection of germplasm,reveal of the applicable scope,regional planning and development potential of grass and taping the comprehensive potential,improvement of yield,quality and stress resistance by means of breeding,technology of cultivation and management,systematic evaluation of beneficial and ecological effects and establishment of evaluation system.