为了筛选出适合温室栽培的厚皮甜瓜品种,对8个厚皮甜瓜品种的果实性状、抗病性、生育期和丰产性以及植株生长形态等性状在日光温室中的表现进行了比较。结果表明:(1)金冠在果实品质和丰产性方面与对照品种伊丽莎白相当,在果实大小、香味方面超过对照品种,具有潜在推广价值,但其抗霜霉病能力较差。(2)品种C和品种E的果实品质和丰产性虽然差于伊丽莎白,但其抗霜霉病能力较强。

通过耕地粮食生产能力与粮食现实产量的对比，分析耕地的粮食增产潜力及其省际差异。以105个农业生态小区为研究单元，在确定能够充分发挥当地气候资源潜力的种植制度的基础上，根据粮食作物审定品种的区域试验产量，计算了各区域各个耕地亚类的粮食单产能力；再分别乘以各县2004年相应耕地亚类的面积，得到2004年各县的耕地粮食总生产能力，进而汇总出各省以及全国的耕地粮食总生产能力；结合近3年（2002～2004年）的粮食现实产量，分析耕地的粮食增产潜力、粮食生产能力开发程度及其省际差异。2004年全国耕地粮食总生产能力为9.20亿t，远高于全国近3年4.52亿t的粮食平均产量，目前粮食安全的耕地资源保障程度较高。从各省的计算结果来看，除新疆以外，单位耕地的生产能力和增产潜力均表现出从东南向西北递减的趋势，其中内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、青海、西藏5个从东北向西南延伸的省区最低；位于中国广大北部、西南部的省市，受土壤质量、灌溉条件的限制，粮食生产能力的开发程度低，粮食生产虽有一定增产空间，但实施难度较大或需大量投入。保障粮食安全首先要抓好中国农业生产基础较好的东部、中部地区的粮食生产；同时也要加大广大北部、西南部地区的农业基础设施投入，积极开展土地整理、中低产田改造，进一步开发这些地区的粮食生产能力。 | The purpose of this paper is to explain the potential of increasing grain production in each province and to explain interprovincial differences by comparing the potential grain production and the actual grain yield of cultivated lands. First, cropping systems were determined for 105 agro-ecological regions, through which potential climatic productivity could be sufficiently developed. Based on the regional test yield of the certificated grain cultivars and cropping systems, the potential grain productivity of per unit area was calculated. The gross potential grain productivity in each county, province and Mainland China was obtained by multiplying the potential grain productivity of per unit area and the cultivated land area in 2004. By comparing it with the actual yield, the potential to increase grain production, the exploitation level of potential grain productivity and the differences between each province were acquired. The results show that the gross grain potential productivity in Mainland China was 0.92 billion ton in 2004 and that there was a large gap between the potential grain productivity and the actual yield, averaging 0.45 billion ton in recent three years. There is high assurance for grain security at present. From the results of each province, the average potential grain productivity of per unit area declines from the provinces in the southeast to those in the northwest of China, apart from Sinkiang, while that of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, stretching from northeast to southwest of China, is lower than that of the others. The potential to increase production per unit area captured the same trend as the potential grain productivity per unit area, which indicates that the more potential grain productivity, the more potential to increase production for a province. The provinces lying in the north and southwest of China witness low level of potential grain productivity and exploitation because of the limitation of soil quality and irrigation conditions. These are the areas where soil is hard or needs too much investment to explore more potential grain productivity. As such, in order to ensure food security, food production in the east and middle of China, where basic agricultural bases are relative better, there should be more emphasis. In addition, basic agricultural infrastructure construction, land consolidation and the improvement of medium or low-yield cultivated lands should also be advocated in the north and southwest of China to explore the potential grain productivity.

通过田间干旱直接鉴定,采用模糊函数法进行综合评价,选出2个强抗、6个抗、3个中抗的玉米抗旱高产杂交组合,进一步通过品比试验研究各杂交组合的丰产性。结果表明,这11个组合均具有较高的产量潜力,达到10500kg/hm2以上,平均11142.90kg/hm2。经方差分析显示各组合与我省区试对照种兴黄单89-2产量水平相当或增产,是可以在生产上应用的抗旱高产杂交组合。不同玉米抗旱高产杂交组合表现高产的原因在于光合面积大、叶绿素含量高和光合生产性能好。

牛初乳是指奶牛产犊后几天内所分泌的乳汁,含有丰富的营养成分。目前已在初乳中测出50余种酶,它们具有重要的生物功能。因此,牛初乳不仅是新生幼儿及仔畜最理想的食品,也是优良的纯天然保健食品。笔者介绍8种牛初乳中存在的酶,并对其功能和酶活力变化作简要阐述。

对吉林省玉米弯孢菌叶斑病的发生和防治几个问题进行试验研究。结果表明:室内保存1～3年的病叶、当年室外越冬的病叶均具有产孢能力;玉米生育期对弯孢菌侵染概率有明显的影响,生育前期侵染概率高,抗侵染力低,生育后期侵染概率低,抗侵染力强;施用氮肥、磷肥对玉米弯孢菌侵染概率影响不明显,而钾肥能降低侵染概率。对生产中一些玉米品种、自交系进行抗病性鉴定,如吉玉106、CM1、济单7号、吉846、5002表现抗性较好。筛选出对防治弯孢菌叶斑病有效的药剂:甲基托布津防效最高,可达91.59%;其次是炭疽福美、速克灵,防效也分别达88.37%和82.98%;代森锰锌的防效为78.37%。

探讨乙烯在长豇豆幼苗耐缺磷胁迫中的作用。选用3个耐缺磷程度不同的长豇豆品种芦花白（耐缺磷）、香港青（中间类型）、二芦白（不耐缺磷），采用水培方式，设置供磷（＋P）和缺磷（－P）2个处理，研究其幼苗各部分在缺磷胁迫下乙烯产生量的变化。缺磷胁迫下长豇豆幼苗根系乙烯产生量升高，升幅芦花白香港青二芦白；老茎叶乙烯产生量升高，升幅二芦白香港青芦花白；最嫩完全展开叶乙烯产生量也升高，其中升幅芦花白二芦白香港青；嫩茎叶乙烯产生量有变化，但幅度较小。缺磷胁迫下长豇豆幼苗根系和老茎叶乙烯产生量升高可能导致植物根系和茎形态结构的变化，增强植物获取磷的能力和根系清除活性氧的能力，增强了植株对水分和养分的吸收运输能力，从而增强适应缺磷胁迫的能力。 | To probe the role of ethylene in asparagus bean [Vigna unquiculata W. ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verd] response to phosphorus-deficiency stress. Changes of ethylene emission in seedlings of 3 asparagus bean cultivars differing in tolerance to phosphorus-deficiency were studied in 2 treatments (+P and -P) in soilless-culture experiment. Ethylene emission in asparagus bean seedling increased under P-deficiency stress. The increase of ethylene emission in root of cv. Luhuabai (high P-deficiency-tolerance) cv. Xianggangqing (middle P-deficiency-tolerance) cv. Erlubai (low P-deficiency-tolerance). The increase of ethylene emission in older leaf and stem of cv. Erlubaicv. Xianggangqing cv. Luhuabai. The increase of ethylene emission in youngest fully-expanded leaf of cv. Luhuabai cv. Erlubaicv. Xianggangqing. There was a little increase of ethylene emission in younger leaf and stem. The results indicated that the increase of ethylene emission in asparagus bean root and older stem and leaf might induced morphological changes in root and stem under phosphorus deficiency stress, then enhanced the ability of phosphorus acquisition and free radical scavenging in root, enhanced translocation of nutrient and water, thus enhanced the adaptability of asparagus bean seedlings to phosphorus deficiency stress .

缺磷是限制作物生产的重要因素之一。通过遗传改良提高玉米杂交种的磷吸收利用能力,是提高磷肥利用率的一条重要途径。本研究利用磷肥长期定位田,在前期磷高效自交系筛选的基础上,对低磷胁迫下玉米自交系的配合力进行分析,以期为磷高效育种选择亲本提供依据。研究结果表明,鲁原92×7922为高磷高效型杂交组合,减产率达67.2%;Mo17×7922为低磷高效型杂交组合,减产率只有3.5%。耐低磷育种中,高配合力自交系为CA200和Mo17;低配合力自交系为丹黄02、107、原引1号、鲁原92、3189、Oh43和黄C;中配合力自交系为91041-1、CA170、L种和7922。低磷条件下,组合产量与空秆率、成熟期熟相呈负相关,即早熟型且空秆少的玉米品种较为耐低磷胁迫。

通过对不同磷效率品种的光合碳同化与物质生产特性研究，阐明磷高效小麦品种高效吸收磷素的生理机制。以具有典型特征的不同磷效率小麦品种为材料，研究了丰、缺磷条件下的光合生理参数、碳酸酐酶活性和RuBPCase活性。缺磷条件下，各测定时期的叶绿素含量（Chl）、气孔导度（gs）、叶肉导度（gm）、碳酸酐酶活性（CA）和光合速率（Pn）以及可溶蛋白含量（SP）和RuBPCase活性均大致以磷高效品种（H）最高，中效品种（M）次之，低效品种（L）最低；不同磷效率品种各测试时期的LAI和作物生长率（CGR）、净同化率（NAR）和光合势（PP）也以H最高，M次之，L最低。磷胁迫条件下，H较高的Pn是由于其具有较强的光反应活性、较强的CO2传输能力和较高的暗反应效率综合作用的结果；其光合碳同化特性和物质生产能力的相对改善，主要是由于植株磷吸收数量较多，使细胞内部磷胁迫程度相对较低及由此导致的光合机构功能相对提高所致。 | In order to elucidate the Physiological Mechanisms in wheat varieties with different P efficiency, the characteristics of photosynthesis and dry matter production with different P efficiency were studied. Parameters of photosynthesis, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities and RuBPCase activities were studied in wheat varieties with different P efficiency. Under P-deficient condition, the chlorophyll contents (Chl), stomatal conductances (gs), mesophyll conductances (gm), carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities, photosynthetic rate (Pn), soluble protein contents (SP) and RuBPCase activities at the jointing stage, spiking stage and mid-filling stage were of the best in the varieties with high-P efficiency (H), then in the varieties with mid-P efficiency (M), and the worst in the varieties with low-P efficiency (L). The leaf area index (LAI), canopy growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and photosynthetic potential (PP) were also the highest in H, then in M, and the lowest in L. Under P-deficient condition, the high Pn in H was due to the relative improved coordination among the photoreaction, conductance of CO2 at air phase and liquid phase, and dark reaction in the chloroplast. The relative improvement of the photosynthesis and dry matter production in the varieties with high-P efficiency under the Pi-deficient condition possibly resulted from the relative Pi acquisition in the plant, lessened the stressed P limitation in the cell and further improve the function of the photosynthetic organ.

通过研究不同氮效率小麦的氮素吸收和物质生产特性，阐明氮高效小麦品种高效吸收氮素的生物学基础。以具有典型特征的不同氮效率小麦品种为材料，研究丰、缺氮条件下的籽粒产量、氮效率、氮素吸收特性和氮素吸收同化关键酶活性。缺氮条件下，不同氮效率小麦品种的籽粒产量和氮效率以氮高效品种（H）最高，中效（M）次之，低效（L）最低；H具有较多的单位面积穗数且与籽粒产量和氮效率显著相关；不同生育时期的植株氮累积量在抽穗期和成熟期以H最大，M次之，L最低；不同生育时期株高、群体茎数、叶面积指数、群体干物重、叶片NO3-含量和硝酸还原酶活性以及各生育阶段群体生长率、净同化率和光合势均以H最大，M次之，L最低；叶片亚硝酸还原酶活性和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性在供试不同氮效率品种之间差异较小。较强的氮素吸收能力和较好的植株生长特性是氮胁迫条件下供试氮高效小麦品种获得高氮效率的生物学基础。在丰氮条件下，供试不同氮效率品种的籽粒产量、氮效率、植株氮素吸收和物质生产特性与缺氮条件下的表现规律不尽相同。 | In order to elucidate the biological basis with high nitrogen uptake capacity in the wheat varieties, the characterization of nitrogen uptake and dry matter production in wheat varieties with different N efficiency were studied. Yield, nitrogen efficiency, characterization of nitrogen uptake and key enzyme activity of nitrogen assimilation were studied in wheat varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies. Under deficient-N conditions, the yield and nitrogen use efficiencies were all highest in the wheat varieties with high-N efficiency (H), then in the varieties with mid-N efficiency (M), and lowest in the varieties with low-N efficiency among all tested varieties (L). H also had the highest spike number per planting area and correlated with the grain yield and N efficiency significantly. At spiking stage and maturity stage, the accumulative nitrogen amount was highest in H, then in M, and lowest in L. The plant height, stem number of population, leaf area index, dry weight of population, NO3- content and nitrate reductase activity in the leaf at each spring growth stage were all highest in H, then in M and lowest in L. So were the canopy growth rate, net assimilation rate and photosynthetic potential at each spring growth phase. There were little differences on nitrite reductase activity and glutamine synthetase activity among tested varieties. This study indicated that the high nitrogen efficiency characterization in wheat varieties was tightly related to higher absorption and utilization capability of nitrogen, and better growth and development traits of plants under deficient-N condition. Under sufficient-N conditions, it was not always the same yield, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake and dry matter production as those under deficient-N condition.

对波德代、陶赛特与蒙古羊的高代杂种5个品种12项血液生化指标进行了测定.结果表明:5个品种血清钙含量依次为蒙古羊(M)(2.58±0.98)mmol/L,陶赛特×蒙古羊杂种二代(DMF2)(1.95±0.24)mmol/L,波德代×蒙古羊杂种二代(BMF2)(1.99±0.17)mmol/L,陶赛特×蒙古羊杂种三代(DMF3)(1.84±0.21)mmol/L,波德代×蒙古羊杂种三代(BMF3)(1.89±0.32)mmol/L,均低于正常值(3.91±0.17)mmol/L;血清磷含量依次为M(1.83±0.70)mmol/L,DMF2(3.28±0.96)mmol/L,BMF2(2.73±1.01)mmol/L,DMF3(2.64±0.85)mmol/L,BMF3(3.01±0.56)mmol/L,均高于正常值(1.16±0.28)mmol/L,其它生化指标都在正常值范围内或与正常值相近.而与生产性能有关的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、钠含量高代杂交羊均高于当地蒙古羊,表明高代杂交羊对当地自然生态环境和饲养管理条件有较好的适应性,能较好地发挥其肉用遗传潜力.