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[Meat preservation in the retrospective. In former times processes were determined by empiric observation]
2000
Nitsch, P.
Distribution and taxonomic implications of some phenolics in the family Lamiaceae determined by ESR spectroscopy
2000
Pedersen, J.A.
The dihydric phenolics from the leaves of 365 specimens representing 355 species and varieties of 110 genera of Lamiaceae (Labiatae) have been examined as semiquinones by ESR spectroscopy. Of these 89 genera comprising 194 species belong to the Lamiaceae, whereas 21 genera comprising 161 species have been transferred from the Verbenaceae in the most recent classification. Two chemical characters give strong support to the subfamily division of the Lamiaceae as recognised by Erdtman (1945). (Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 29, 279-285) and others. Rosmarinic acid was observed in 110 species out of 127 studied and confined to subfamily Nepetoideae sensu Erdtman. These species produce tricolpate pollen grains. 3,4- Dihydroxyphenylethanoid glycosides were observed in 111 species all confined to Lamioideae sensu Erdtman with hexacolpate pollen grains. The acid and the phenylethanoid glycosides were found to be mutually exclusive, apart from one species, Teucrium scorodonia. A compound tentatively assigned as a beta-hydroxy-(3-4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanoid glycoside, was observed in 49 species, solely confined to subfamily Lamioideae. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid was observed in Aegiphila mollis and in Hymenopyramis brachiata, both belonging to Lamioideae. No phenylethanoid glycosides were observed from any of 5 Hymenopyramis or from any of 30 species of Vitex. The latter result questions the transfer of the genus to Lamiaceae, but strengthens its isolated position. Chlorogenic acid was observed in 34 species and proto chatechuic acid in 16 species. Hydroquinone is scattered in the family (4 species) and thymohydroquinone was observed in 7 species all belong to the Nepetoideae.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]The sensible heat fluxes over irrigated areas in western Turkey determined with a large aperture scintillometer
2000
Meijninger, W.M.L. | Bruin, H.A.R. de
The sensible heat fluxes over irrigated areas in western Turkey determined with a large aperture scintillometer
2000
Meijninger, W.M.L. | Bruin, H.A.R. de
As part of an international experiment in which several methods of estimating the actual evapotranspiration were compared, two large aperture scintillometers (LAS) and a small micrometeorological station were installed in the Gediz Basin near Menemen. Turkey during the summer of 1998 by the Meteorology and Air Quality Group of the Wageningen Agricultural University. The instruments will be used to provide "ground-truth" sensible heat fluxes. At the first site, a LAS was set up over a transect of the valley from Belen to Suluklu with a path length of 2700 m. The second LAS (a path length of 670 m) together with a small micrometeorological station was installed in an irrigated cotton field west of the first site. However, due to experimental problems the scintillation method for the second site could not be applied. Instead the variance method, which just as the scintilliation method is based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, was used. The 24 h average sensible heat fluxes of the valley for the entire growing season are presented and special attention is given to the LANDSAT overpass dates June 26 and August 29. The results presented in this paper show that the scintillometer is a robust and reliable "stand-alone" system that is able to provide operational estimates of areal averaged sensible heat fluxes.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]The sensible heat fluxes over irrigated areas in western Turkey determined with a large aperture scintillometer
2000
Meijninger, W.M.L. | Bruin, H.A.R. de
Onset of the first S-phase is determined by a paternal effect during the G1-phase in bovine zygotes 全文
2000
Comizzoli, P. | Marquant-Le Guienne, B. | Heyman, Yvan | Renard, Jean Paul,
The bioavailability of beta-carotene in stir- or deep-fried vegetables in men determined by measuring the serum response to a single ingestion
2000
Huang, C. | Tang, Y.L. | Chen, C.Y. | Chen, M.L. | Chu, C.H. | Hseu, C.T.
To evaluate the bioavailability of beta-carotene from plant foods, the serum beta-carotene response to a single ingestion of various beta-carotene sources was determined in 10 healthy men. Tested beta-carotene sources included stir-fried shredded carrot, stir-fried water convolvulus leaves, deep-fried sweet potato ball, purified beta-carotene in a capsule (beadlets) and beadlets with beta-carotene free oriental radish (beadlets + radish). The maximal change in serum beta-carotene concentration occurred at 24 or 32 h post ingestion. This response to beadlets was significantly higher than that to the other four tested beta-carotene sources (P<0.05). The maximal serum response to beadlets + radish was also significantly higher than that to the three food beta-carotene sources (P<0.05). The maximal serum response to sweet potato was significantly higher than that to water convolvulus leaves (P<0.05). The bioavailability relative to beta-carotene beadlets was calculated by dividing the maximal change in serum concentration to each test meal of each subject by his own serum maximal change in response to beadlets. Accordingly, the bioavailability was 65% for beadlets + radish, 33% for carrots, 26% for water convolvulus leaves and 37% for sweet potatoes. Concurrent ingestion of oriental radish reduced the bioavailability of beadlets to two-thirds of its original value, which partially accounted for the difference between the bioavailability of beadlets and natural foods. The relative bioavailability of beta-carotene from stir-fried and deep-fried vegetables was about one-third to one-fourth that of the purified beta-carotene beadlets. These bioavailabilities are higher than previously reported values.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Plasma levels of remnant particles are determined in part by variation in the APOC3 gene insulin response element and the APOCI–APOE cluster 全文
2000
D.M. Waterworth | J.A. Hubacek | J. Pitha | J. Kovar | R. Poledne | S.E. Humphries | P.J. Talmud
Remnant particles of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (RLP) are known to be a strong predictor of atherogenicity. The serum concentrations of remnant-like particle triglyceride (RLPTG) and remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLPC) have been determined in a representative sample of the Czech MONICA study (n = 285). The relationship was investigated between remnant particle triglyceride/cholesterol concentrations and polymorphisms in the genes APOC3 (−482C→T/3238C→G), APOE (ε2/ε3/ε4), APOCI (−317-321ins), APOB (signal peptide), hepatic lipase (LIPE, −480C→T), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL, S447X). Univariate analysis showed significant effects on RLPTG associated only with the APOE genotype (P = 0.009), the APOC3 −482C→T genotype (P = 0.018), and the APOCI −317-321ins (P = 0.014) genotype and significant effects on RLPC with APOE (P = 0.01) and APOCI −317-321ins (P = 0.021). The raising effect of the APOE genotype for both remnant cholesterol and triglyceride was confined to the ε2/4 (n = 6) and ε4/4 (n = 3) groups, and thus when the ε2/4 group was omitted in order to analyze by allele (ε2+/ε3+/ε4+), significance was lost (P = 0.6). There was strong linkage disequilibrium between the APOE and APOCI alleles (χ2, P < 0.001) and a multivariate ANOVA of RLPTG with all three significantly associated variants as factors demonstrated that while the APOC3 −482C→T effect was independent of the others (P = 0.003), the APOCI −317-321ins and APOE effects were not. This was also true for the APOCI −317-321ins and APOE effects on RLPC. To assess whether APOE-CI effects on RLPC were independent of their effects on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, multiple linear regression was used. Using multiple linear regression, it appeared that the APOE-CI effects on RLPC were independent of their effects on plasma cholesterol, but the effects of APOC3 and APOE-CI on RLPTG could not be separated from their effects on plasma Tg levels.Further characterization of this remnant particle phenotype and its genetic determinants may lead to a better understanding of its metabolism and contribution to atherosclerosis.
显示更多 [+] 显示较少 [-]Nociception after castration of juvenile pigs determined by quantitative estimation of c-Fos expressing neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn
2000
Nyborg, P.Y. | Soerig, A. | Lykkegaard, K. | Svendsen, O. (Kongelige Veterinaer- og Landbohoejskole, Copenhagen (Denmark))
The origin of soil organic C, dissolved organic C and respiration in a long-term maize experiment in Halle, Germany, determined by 13C natural abundance 全文
2000
Flessa, Heinz | Ludwig, Bernard | Heil, Balint | Merbach, Wolfgang
Additivity of ileal endogenous losses and real digestibilities of amino acids determined by means of the N15 -labelled diets technique in growing pigs fed various feedstuffs 全文
2000
DEHARENG, D. | Leterme, P. | Peyronnet, C. | Cherrière, C. | Hess, V. | Thibault, Jean-Noel, | Krawinkel, B. | Souffrant, W.B. | Théwis, André | Sève, Bernard
