Microgreens are valued for their freshness and refined taste, and by adherents of a healthy diet – for their saturation with vitamins, trace elements, antioxidants, enzymes and valuable protein. The product enjoys steadily growing demand not only in the production segment (restaurants, cafes, supermarkets), but also in home cultivation – «vegetable garden on the window». Among vegetable crops, vegetable pea micro-greens are very popular, especially varieties with a mustachioed leaf type. It is this product that helps culinary masters to give products bright visual and taste accents. Few people know that among legumes, in addition to vegetable peas, there is an excellent alternative with no less nutritional value. This is a micro-green of vegetable beans. Bean shoots are more fleshy and juicy, crispy, sweet with a nutty taste, and most importantly, absolutely everyone can grow them. Obtaining microgreens from vegetable bean culture is a promising direction, since its nutritional value and biochemical composition are comparable to the microgreens of vegetable peas. The content of the main nutrients on average for the studied varieties of breeding of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) is: protein – 20-35% (dry weight), ascorbic acid – 0,51 mg/g, carotenoids – 0,48 mg/g, monosaccharide – 1,15%, dry matter – 10,62%. However, vegetable beans have an undeniable advantage in cultivation – it is the possibility of using up to two or three cuts from one crop, due to the ability to form additional shoots when using the method of cutting under the «root». The yield from the container when sowing 100 seeds obtained in two cuts ranged from 320 g to 400 g, depending on the variety and method of cutting. The highest yield was obtained from the cv. Velena, which forms about 200 g of fresh shoots both in the first and second cut. According to the results of our research, it is recommended to use two cuts for the cv. Belorusskie and cv. Russkie chernye, while the cv. Velena is able to give a full-fledged microgreen even with the third cut.

The historical reference of Asparagus officinalis (Asparagus officinalis L.), its species composition and practical use is given. Biological and agrotechnical features of culture, the most common diseases and pests are presented. Grades and methods of selection work. Sexual type of asparagus, perennial varieties and the ability of plants to vegetative propagation are important factors in asparagus breeding. The following methods are used in asparagus selection: hybridization; formation of male varieties via self-pollination of bisexual flowers found on male plants; utilization of the heterosis effect the formation of homozygous inbred-lines; production of tetraploid forms by exposure of colchicine to asparagus seedlings. Selection can be done either on individual plants or using multiple approach. Improvement of selection may be achieved using several parameters: plant yield, the mass of seedlings; plant height of the most developed shoot; the number of shoots. This allows to discard undesirable forms at early stages. Laboratory of green vegetables, spicy-flavoring and flower crops of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center possesses the collection nursery of 7 samples of Asparagus officinalis: K-25, K-28, K-41, K-46, Mary Washington Bruswick, Paradise. The latter are used for Asparagus selection with the aim to retain economically valuable traits.

Relevance. Tomato is the most widespread vegetable crop in the southern regions of Russia and one of the most popular with the population in all natural and climatic zones of the country. The majority of products is produced in large vegetable-growing, farming and private household farms. One of the most important tasks is to improve the assortment taking into account natural and climatic conditions of cultivation and directions of use. In this regard, the selection of industrial tomato with a high level of flexibility and resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors for the south of Russia is an urgent task.   The aim of the study is to evaluate economically valuable features of perspective lines and new hybrids of tomato of industrial type, adapted to the conditions of southern Russia.   Material and methodology. The work was carried out in the open field conditions of experimental production farm of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Industry (Moscow region) and Biryuchekutskaya vegetable breeding experimental station – branch of the FSBSI FSVC (Rostov region).   The objects of research were breeding material and 6 perspective new hybrid combinations of tomato of selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific and Scientific Institution of the Russian Federation.   Results and discussion. As a result of step-by-step study and selection, the most promising samples were identified for further use as source material for practical breeding: B-6-C-2014, VS-B-№7, VS-B-18, VS-B-20, VS-B-35, VS-B-38. As a result of the competitive testing, the best hybrid combinations were identified: F1 B-1, F1 B-2, F1 B-4, meeting the requirements of commercial production in the south of Russia. It is shown that the hybrid combination F1 B-2 exceeds both standard samples F1 Meteor and F1 Perfectpeel both in terms of total yield (by 10.9 t/ha and 9.6 t/ha), marketability of fruits, and dry matter content in fruits (6.1 % vs. 5.1% and 5.2 %). Taking into account the complex of economic characteristics, a precocious F1 hybrid of tomato F1 B-2 called F1 Profy has been submitted to the State Variety Testing, as it shows stable economic characteristics over several years of study.

A promising direction in the elite seed growing flower seeds is to  create a  population with the given ratios decorative signs and, above all, painting flowers (racemes),  which has a  wide  range of  variability.   Maintaining constant these crosspollination  populations  can be performed using different  selection methods (mass, individual, inbreeding). The aim of this research was to develop methods of elite seed-growing population for Carnation Turkish. Source material served as seeds superdwarf  population  "Early Dwarf Mixed", derived  from  FSBSI "All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and  Aromatic Plants». Research conducted on plots FSBSI «Federal Scientific  Vegetable  Center». After the population has  been  designed  for  maintaining constant these traits in  subsequent reproductions. As  a  result of breeding work has created a new different colour population entitled "Rainbow". When analyzing the cleavage "tag coloring flower" in population  "Rainbow"  Carnation Turkish within a few reproductions, it was found that: the range of variability of coloring a flower includes 5 major groups - pink, rose, red, salmon, white; red colour is dominant towards pink and salmon, respectively;  for coloring a flower meet at least 5 genes: one controls the general predecessor synthesis of Ant-pigments, 2  gene dominant responsibility  for pink and red colour, and their recessive  alleles for pink and salmon, respectively;  2 gene suppressors  are the synthesis  of Antpigments cyaniding and pelargonidin.

Research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of legumes Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific center of vegetable growing" (Moscow region) in 2013-2017. The study included 22 varieties of vegetable pea, differing in the length of the growing season and a weigt of 1000 seeds. Sowing was carried out in the optimal time, repeat the experience fourfold. Seeding rate 100-110 seeds per 1 m2. The selection of seeds four times on each plot. The sign «weight of 1000 seeds» determines the grain size and is the most important in the production of canned «green peas». With the increase in grain size decreases marketability of products, increases the consumption of seeds for sowing, significantly reduces the multiplication factor, which leads to higher prices of products. Therefore, varieties with a weigt of 1000 seeds 200-220 grams are mainly used for freezing. Industry currently uses varieties characterized by an average grain size (7-10mm) and a weight of 1000 seeds less than 200 grams, promising grades with a mass of 100-140 grams. To accelerate the selection process for creating varieties with specified parameters, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the productivity of the initial material, in particular, the weight of 1000 seeds, is needed, since samples with an average size (160-200 grams) have a low coefficient of phenotypic variability and depend on the interaction of genotype and environment, but the reaction of each genotype to the environment is specific. Work should include samples with the lowest coefficient of variability. When working with finely seeded specimens, the average level of phenotypic variability should be taken into account and, when included in the breeding process, increase the selection sample.

Relevance. ICarrots are known all over the world. It contains a large amount of carotene-provitamin A and a lot of useful substances – vitamin C, sugar pectin’s, potassium, and essential oils. This valuable crop is grown all over the world and in different weather and climatic conditions. When growing carrots, it is necessary to carefully select varieties and hybrids that will give a high commercial yield, as well as are resistant to biotic and abiotic factors.Materials and methods. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the fields of the Biryuchekut vegetable breeding experimental station of the branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in open ground conditions. The object of research was the varieties of carrots.Results. While breeding work on the Biryuchekutsky vegetable breeding experimental station a new variety of carrot Aksinya was obtained. In 2018, it was included in the station variety test. The new promising variety has an earlier maturation period on average 10 days earlier than the standards, a conical, blunt-edged form of orange-colored root crops with high taste qualities. The yield is at the level of 45 t / ha. It has excellent preservation during winter storage, resistance to diseases, as well as the ability to grow in arid and hot climates on heavy soils, while maintaining a high marketability of 72-76%.

Relevance Traditional breeding methods are based on crossing and selection of genotypes among hybrid offspring. In recent decades, along with traditional methods, more and more attention is paid to alternative methods of selection, based on biotechnological manipulations with plants. One of the most important methods of biotechnology is the method of cell selection, which is based on the replacement of the whole plant, as a unit of selection, on its cell. Applying biotechnology techniques from a single plant can produce millions of cells, which increases the chances of finding, eliminating the need for areas for the cultivation of tested plants. As well as accelerating the selection process due to the possibility to carry out the study in the offseason. Methods The studies used the linear material of C. sativus hybrids of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center and Agroholding "Poisk". Plants were cultivated in laboratory room conditions. As explants used hypocotyl 0.5-1 cm segments isolated from young plants. Results To obtain Cucumis sativus plants with increased resistance to Fusarium by cell selection method, it is recommended to alternate culturing of callus on a non – selective medium containing sucrose in a concentration of 30 g/l, agar – 7 g/l, 0.1 mg/l, NUC – 0.5 mg/l and the filter of the cultural fluid of the fungus in a concentration of 10% within 3 passages.

Relevance. It was to study the variability of the degree of defeat of promising varieties of table carrots by diseases of various etiologies during storage for several years, to determine the level of their polymorphism based on resistance to various types of pathogens and the effectiveness of selection based on an individual immunological assessment of uterine root crops.Materials and methods. The experimental part of the work was performed in 2017-2020 at the FSBSI "Federal Scientific Vegetable Center" with carrot varietal populations of Margosha and Minor. The identification of the species composition of pathogens, the degree of damage, and the level of resistance of variety specimens were carried out in accordance with appropriate methods and determinants. For the immunological assessment of the resistance of carrot cultivars in vitro, the most virulent isolates of different types of fungi were used from the collection of the Laboratory of Immunity and Plant Protection of the Federal Center for Scientific Research.Results. It was established that in the populations of Margosha and Minor under natural storage conditions, the ratio and degree of spread of economically significant diseases differ significantly in different years. Based on an in vitro immunological assessment, a high polymorphism of the individual resistance of genotypes within both populations to the majority of micromycetes was revealed and the most resistant forms to the most dangerous types of pathogens were identified. Immunological analysis of the resulting offspring confirmed the high efficiency of group selection based on a comprehensive assessment of the stability of individual uterine root crops in vivo and in vitro.

Relevance. Vegetable beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) – a valuable high-protein culture, which has multilateral use in the national economy, is recommended for dietary nutrition. The protein content in green beans and seeds varies from 18 to 30%, which in terms of amino acid composition is at the level of protein in milk and meat.The aim of the research is to create a new indeterminate medium-late resistant to major diseases varieties for farms growing that provide fresh produce (green beans) with a long fruiting period, without fiber and parchment in the leaflets of the green bean.Methods. Studies were carried out from 2008 to 2018 on breeding fields of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow Region, Odintsovo District). Scientific work was started in 2013 with an individual selection from collection sample No. 90K (Republic of Crimea). Since 2015, the constant form was propagated with a two-year test of offspring. All the necessary phenological, biometric and phytopathological observations and counts were performed according to the methods generally accepted for this culture.Results. The article presents data on a new variety of vegetable beans Malume of indeterminate (curly) type of growth. As a result of competitive variety testing in the conditions of the Central Non-chernozem Zone since 2018 to 2019, against a natural infectious background, the new variety significantly exceeded the Fatima standard for the yield of green beans and seeds, was characterized by a high content of mono-, the amount of sugars, starch, and was resistant to major diseases. At the end of 2019 year transferred to the State Variety Test.

Priority directions in tomato breeding for protected ground remain stable productivity ness and quality of fruit, early ripeness, resistant to the most harmful diseases. Creating such varieties is a required component of ecological agriculture. Recently, the demand of appropriate species increases and hybrids of tomato with different colouring of the fruit, which is determined by the contents of xanthophylls and various carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, lutein, etc.) with antioxidant properties. According to the state program of research for 2000-2010, the staff of the laboratory of gamete and molecular methods of selection of Federal Scientific Vegetable Center created orange early crop variety Rufina for greenhouses. The article describes the brief history of its creation and characterization on major valuable features. Tomato cultivar Rufina is a source of economically useful traits: early ripeness, resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses, yield, palatability and nutritional value of fruits. Therefore, at present it is used when creating new forms of tomato, adapted to the conditions of various modern technologies protected ground - low-volume cultivation and multi-level narrow column hydroponics (MUG). A perspective starting material was received. These are five productive selection forms for the low-volume technology, haracterized by early ripeness (the beginning of harvesting on the 50-70 day of sowing), the weight of the fruit from 90 to 130 g, resistance to apical rot. For a MUG - two low forms with orange fruits weighing more than 30 grams, created as a result of hybridization with determinants of dwarfish redplant varieties Natasha.