Relevance. Among the main factors that determine the productivity of vegetable yields in protected ground, the main one is light. For the formation of 1 kg/m2 of cucumber fruits with a length of 18-22 cm, on average about 3500-4000 J/cm2 of solar radiation is required. In the winter-spring cycle, in the absence of artificial lighting in greenhouses, there is an unevenness of scattered solar radiation and a general shortage of incoming light energy. At the same time, the amount of total solar radiation required for the formation of a 1 kg of fruit ("lighting price") is not the same for different hybrids. To increase the profitability of production in the winter-spring turnover in greenhouses that are not equipped with artificial lighting, it is necessary to choose hybrids with the lowest "lighting price" of the crop, that is, hybrids that use less light energy to form a 1 kg of fruit.The purpose of the study: evaluation of F1 hybrids of cucumber on the basis of resistance to lack of lighting by comparing their "lighting price" of the crop: how much energy is spent on the formation of 1 kg of marketable products.Methods. The research was carried out at the variety testing site in the Crimean breeding Center of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Crop Selection "Gavrish", in the conditions of winter-spring turnover, in greenhouses not equipped with artificial lighting. We tested seven medium-fruited (18-22 cm) spined-fruited cucumber hybrids recommended for growing in winter-spring turnover.Results. The analysis of the data on the input of solar radiation and the formation of a standard yield showed that there is a direct relationship between the amount of incoming light and the level of productivity. The period of conversion of the received solar energy into the fruit harvest varied during the growing season from 14 to 8 days, depending on the degree of plant development. The "lighting price" of the crop was not the same for different hybrids: the hybrids tested in the experiment spent an average of 2900 J/cm2 per 1 kg of product, which is 18% more efficient than for standard greenhouse cucumbers.

The productivity of vegetable yields in protected ground strongly depends on illuminance. It is known that the amount of total solar radiation required for the formation of a 1 kg of fruit ('lighting price') is not the same for different hybrids. It is economically reasonable to choose hybrids that use less light energy to form a 1 kg of fruit. The purpose of the study is to evaluate F1 hybrids of cucumber on the basis of resistance to lack of lighting by comparing the lighting price of their crop. The research was carried out in 2019-2020 at the variety testing site in the Crimean Breeding Center of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Crop Selection 'Gavrish', in the conditions of winter-spring turnover, in greenhouses not equipped with artificial lighting. There were tested 7 medium- (18-22 cm) warty-fruited cucumber hybrids recommended for growing in winter-spring turnover. The analysis of the data on the input of solar radiation and the formation of a standard yield showed that there is a direct relationship between the amount of incoming light and the level of productivity. The period of conversion of the received solar energy into the fruit harvest varied during the growing season from 14 to 8 days, depending on the degree of plant development. The 'lighting price' of the crop was not the same for different hybrids: the hybrids tested in the experiment spent an average of 2900 J/cm2 per 1 kg of product, which is 18% more efficient than for standard varieties of greenhouse cucumbers. The hybrids F1 Lyuty, Saiber and Yary were characterized by especially low lighting price (2500-2800 J/cm2). | Продуктивность овощных культур в защищенном грунте сильно зависит от освещенности. Известно, что количество суммарной солнечной радиации, необходимое для формирования 1 кг плодов ('световая цена'), не одинаково у разных гибридов. Экономически целесообразно выбирать гибриды, использующие на формирование 1 кг плодов меньшее количество световой энергии. Цель исследования: оценка гибридов F1 огурца по признаку устойчивости к недостатку освещения при помощи сравнения 'световой цены' их урожая. Исследования проводили в 2019-2020 гг. на участке сортоиспытания в Крымском селекционном центре 'Гавриш' НИИ селекции овощных культур, в условиях зимне-весеннего оборота, в теплицах, не оборудованных искусственным освещением. Испытывали 7 бугорчатых среднеплодных (18-22 см) гибридов огурца, рекомендованных для выращивания в зимне-весенних оборотах. Проведенный анализ данных поступления солнечной радиации и формирования стандартного урожая показал, что существует прямая связь между количеством поступившего света и уровнем продуктивности. Период преобразования поступившей солнечной энергии в урожай плодов изменялся в течение вегетации от 14 до 8 суток в зависимости от степени развития растений. 'Световая цена' урожая у разных гибридов была не одинакова: на 1 кг продукции гибриды, испытанные в опыте, затратили в среднем 2900 Дж/см2, что на 18% эффективнее, чем для стандартных сортов тепличных огурцов. Особенно низкой световой ценой (2500-2800 Дж/см2) отличались гибриды F1 Лютый, Сайбер и Ярый.

The article examines the results of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy and the economy of the Russian Federation at the end of 2020. The quarantine measures introduced by the countries continue to negatively affect the economic situation in the world and the economies of individual countries. There is an acute shortage of seasonal workers in the agricultural sector of the countries of the world. The introduction of restrictions on the export of goods reduced the volume of imports. In Russia, the growth rate of imports from non-CIS countries has decreased. In January 2021, compared to January 2020, imports for food products and raw materials for their production decreased by 4.2%, and for vegetables – by 11.5%. According to the Federal Customs Service, the export of vegetables increased 3 times in terms of physical volumes and only 11% in terms of value. The growth in the physical volumes of export of products of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation did not lead to a corresponding increase in revenue. The prices for vegetables imported into the country were 2.5-3.4 times higher than the prices for exported ones. Despite some difficulties, losses in this area due to the pandemic were minimal. The gross harvest of vegetables in the country as a whole amounted to 13.8 million tons, which is 1.7% below the level of 2019. At the same time, the gross harvest of vegetables in open ground decreased by 3.1%, vegetables in protected ground increased by 6.6%. Difficulties encountered in implementation. During the crisis period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for vegetables fell by 30%. Consumers, in an effort to improve their immunity, began to buy more environmentally friendly and healthy products, including vegetables. The demand for organic products has grown by 15-20%. To accelerate the economic recovery, it was necessary to take additional measures on the part of states to support producers and consumers, restore purchasing power and help businesses, expand access to credit resources, stimulate investment activity, and reduce the tax burden on businesses and the population. In Russia, financial support for the main measures of state policy in the field of the agro-industrial complex is carried out within the framework of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food.

Рассматриваются результаты влияния пандемии COVID-19 на мировую экономику и экономику Российской Федерации по итогам 2020 г. Введённые карантинные меры продолжают негативно сказываться на экономической ситуации в мире и в отдельных странах. В аграрном секторе стран мира возник острый недостаток сезонных рабочих. Введение ограничений на экспорт товаров снизило объемы импорта и темпы роста импорта в РФ из стран дальнего зарубежья. В январе 2021 г. по сравнению с январем 2020 г. импорт по продовольственным товарам и сырью для их производства снизился на 4,2%, по овощам – на 11,5%. По данным Федеральной таможенной службы, экспорт овощей вырос в 3 раза по физическим объемам и лишь на 11% – по стоимости. Цены на ввозимые в страну овощи в 2,5-3,4 раза превышали цены на экспортируемые. Несмотря на некоторые трудности, потери в этой сфере из-за пандемии оказались минимальными. Валовой сбор овощей в целом по стране составил 13,8 млн т., что на 1,7% ниже уровня 2019 г. Валовые сборы овощей открытого грунта сократились на 3,1%, защищенного грунта - выросли на 6,6%. Возникли трудности с реализацией, т.к. из-за пандемии спрос на овощи упал на 30%. Однако потребители, стремясь повысить свой иммунитет, стали больше покупать экологически чистой продукции, в т. ч. овощной. Спрос на органическую продукцию вырос на 15-20%. Чтобы ускорить восстановление экономики, потребовалось принятие дополнительных мер со стороны государств для поддержки производителей и потребителей, восстановления покупательской способности и бизнеса, расширения доступа к кредитным ресурсам, стимулирования инвестиционной активности, сокращения налоговой нагрузки на бизнес и население. В РФ финансовое обеспечение основных мер государственной политики в сфере АПК осуществляется в рамках реализации Государственной программы развития сельского хозяйства и регулирования рынков с.-х. продукции, сырья и продовольствия. | The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy and the economy of the Russian Federation at the end of 2020 has been under study. The quarantine measures continue to negatively affect the economic situation in the world and the economies of individual countries. There is an acute shortage of seasonal workers in the agricultural sector of the countries of the world. The introduction of restrictions on the export of goods reduced the volume of imports. In Russia, the growth rate of imports from non-CIS countries has decreased. In January 2021, compared to January 2020, imports for foods and food raw materials decreased by 4.2%, and for vegetables – by 11.5%. According to the Federal Customs Service, the export of vegetables increased 3 times in terms of physical volumes and only 11% in terms of value. The prices for vegetables imported into the country were 2.5-3.4 times higher than the prices for exported ones. Despite some difficulties, losses in this area due to the pandemic were minimal. The gross harvest of vegetables in the country as a whole amounted to 13.8 million tons, which is 1.7% below the level of 2019. The gross harvest of vegetables cultivated in open ground decreased by 3.1%, vegetables in protected ground increased by 6.6%. During the crisis period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for vegetables fell by 30%. Consumers, in an effort to improve their immunity, began to buy more environmentally friendly and healthy products, including vegetables. The demand for organic products has grown by 15-20%. To accelerate the economic recovery, it was necessary to take additional measures on the part of states to support producers and consumers, restore purchasing power and help businesses, expand access to credit resources, stimulate investment activity, and reduce the tax burden on businesses and the population. In Russia, financial support for the main measures of state policy in the field of the agro-industrial complex is carried out within the framework of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food.

Relevance. High voltage electric power transmission lines (HVEPTL) cover a fairly large area of agricultural land all over the world. Investigations of electromagnetic field effect on growth and development of plants are held in various countries. The reaction of individual plant species and even varieties to the electromagnetic field manifests itself in different ways. The network of HVEPTL is growing steadily in our region as well. Nevertheless, information about the effect of the electromagnetic field on bean plants is rather scares. The aim of the present work was to evaluate HVEPTL effect on the growth and development of vegetable beans, depending on the intensity of the electromagnetic field.Material and Methods. The work was achieved on green beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Sakfit, Pagoda, MBZ 556, Arishka cvs) grown in conditions of different electromagnetic field values under HVEPTL. Biometrical parameters, plant productivity, yield, dry matter, photosynthetic pigments content, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity and total phenolics were determined.Results. In the ranges of electric field values from (5-10) to (400-440) B/m and magnetic field from 0 to 0.53 μT a beneficial effect of electromagnetic field on accumulation of leaves photosynthetic pigments (15-65% increase of chlorophyll а and 6-52% increase of chlorophyll b), polyphenol content (increase up to 17%), antioxidant activity (1-15% increase), and dry matter content (2,5-11% increase) and beans ascorbic acid levels (12-28% increase) were registered. Accordingy, increased plants growth, development and productivity were demonstrated. Peculiarities of beans plants grown under HVEPTL included decrease leaves carotene levels at electric field level of 60-100 B/m (70 m form HVEPTL), and lack of correlation between chlorophyll and carotene in leaves and total antioxidant activity and phenolics content at the stage of technical ripening.

High voltage electric power transmission lines (HVEPTL) cover a fairly large area of agricultural land all over the world, therefore, experimental investigations of electromagnetic field effect on growth and development of plants are carried out in various countries. Information about the effect of the electromagnetic field (EMF) on bean plants is rather scared. The aim of the work was to evaluate HVEPTL effect on the growth and development of vegetable beans, depending on the intensity of the EMF. The object of the investigation was 4 varieties of green beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Sakfit, Pagoda, MBZ 556, Arishka) grown in conditions of different EMF values under HVEPTL. Biometrical parameters, plant productivity, yield, dry matter, photosynthetic pigments content, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity and total phenolics were determined. In the ranges of electric field values from (5-10) to (400-440) B/m and magnetic field from 0 to 0.53 micT a beneficial effect of EMF on accumulation of leaves photosynthetic pigments (15-65% increase of chlorophyll а and 6-52% increase of chlorophyll b), polyphenol content (increase up to 17%), antioxidant activity (1-15% increase), and dry matter content (2.5-11% increase) and beans ascorbic acid levels (12-28% increase) were registered. Accordingly, increased plants growth, development and productivity were demonstrated. Peculiarities of beans plants grown under HVEPTL included decreasing leaves carotene levels at electric field level of 60-100 B/m (70 m form HVEPTL), and lack of correlation between chlorophyll and carotene in leaves and total antioxidant activity and polyphenol content at the stage of technical ripening. The influence of HVEPTL EMF on the growth, productivity and quality of green beans should be regarded as positive. | Во всем мире линии электропередач (ЛЭП) покрывают достаточно обширную территорию с.-х. угодий, поэтому экспериментальные исследования по изучению влияния электромагнитного поля (ЭМП) на рост и развитие растений проводятся во многих странах. О влиянии ЭМП на растения фасоли из литературных источников известно немного. Цель работы - установить влияние ЛЭП на рост и развитие растений фасоли овощной в зависимости от интенсивности ЭМП. Объект исследования – 4 сорта фасоли овощной (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (Сакфит, Пагода, МБЗ 556, Аришка), выращенные в условиях разной интенсивности ЭМП ЛЭП. Исследуемые показатели: морфометрические признаки, продуктивность растений, урожайность, содержание сухого вещества, фотосинтетические пигменты, аскорбиновая кислота, общая антиоксидантная активность и полифенолы. В условиях изменения электрического поля от (5-10) до (400-440) В/м и магнитного от 0 до 0,53 мкТл выявлено положительное влияние ЭМП на накопление фотосинтетических пигментов (15-65% – хлорофилл а; 6-52% – хлорофилл b), увеличение интенсивности биосинтеза и полифенолов (до 17%) и антиоксидантной активности (1-15%) в листьях, сухого вещества (2,5-11%) в листьях и аскорбиновой кислоты (12-28%) в бобах фасоли овощной, что благоприятно сказалось на росте, развитии и продуктивности растений и качестве зеленой продукции. Специфическими особенностями фасоли, выращенной в условиях воздействия ЛЭП, являются достоверное снижение уровня каротина в листьях при уровне электрического поля 60-100 В/м (70 м от ЛЭП), а также отсутствие корреляционных взаимосвязей между содержанием хлорофилла и каротина в листьях и общей антиоксидантной активностью жирорастворимых антиоксидантов и содержанием полифенолов в листьях в фазу технической спелости. Влияние ЭМП ЛЭП на рост, продуктивность и качество фасоли овощной следует считать положительным.