Siberian sturgeon weighing 50 ±5 g, cultured in cages stocked at 45 specimens/m3 density and placed in cooling water, were fed Dan-ex 2545 trout feed for 112 days. Experimental treatments differed in the amount of ascorbic acid + glucose mixture (1 : 9) added to the feed. The mixture was applied, in individual treatments, in doses of 0; 1; 5; and 10 g/kg feed, corresponding to ascorbic acid doses of 0; 0.1; 0.5; and 1 g/kg feed. The highest mixture doses resulted in a significant increase in the fish body fat level; however, no significant effect on fish growth was observed.

The paper presents lysimeter tests, which have been conducted since 1974 on the amount of water runoff from sodded soil profile under conditions of its diversified use and watering. On the tested area a major portion of the total yearly runoff from grasslands occurs during the growing season due to the amount and distribution of precipitation in this region (c.a. 68 of the total yearly precipitation falls during the growing season). Runoff values from grasslands recorded during the study period varied from 113.7 to 247.1 mm. A significant relationship has been found betwen the amount of water draining away from grassland soil profile and the amount of yield, which was caused either by a method of use (meadow, pasture or 8-15 cm high sward) or by the amount of applied nitrogen fertilization

The purpose of the anthropological assignment was ul; li To review the existing Clan maps and the relevant literature on the Somali communities inhabiting the project area from available sources in Nairobi and Addis-Ababa and develop contacts and information networking /li li To do joint field work with WATSAN and health teams to current proposed Dhagax Buur project locations, jointly review programme objectives, field methodology and acculturated principles of participatory development. During this time to define social constraints to sustainable development and list potential areas conflict. Initiate field based training for two Somali community workers who, it is hoped, will be have been recruited in advance/li; li Carry out specialist survey within the wider zone, map the area travelled and build up sketched clan boundaries concentrating on locations currently proposed, valuation judgement regarding those locations not yet assessed/visited based on global view of clan boundaries and recommend additional new locations or removal of old. The long term aim is to create Clans balance and elevate potential jealousy based on clan difference. Avoid conflict over scarce resources. Finalise output and deliverables, report back to field based programme teams, coordination in Addis Ababa and finally WATSAN dept in Brussels /li; /ul.

Estudaram-se a ingestão de alimentos e de água e a ruminação em vacas primíparas e multíparas da raça Holandesa, com alta produção de leite, criadas em sistema de confinamento do tipo free stall, em diferentes combinações de temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar. Foram realizadas três coletas de dados nos meses de verão e três nos de inverno, todas elas com duração de 24 horas. As atividades de alimentação e ruminação foram monitoradas em intervalos de 15 minutos e a de ingestão de água, continuamente ao longo das 24 horas. A temperatura ambiente e a umidade relativa do ar foram observadas em intervalos de uma hora. O binômio temperatura ambiente/umidade do ar alteraram significativamente (P<0,05) o padrão de alimentação de vacas e novilhas nas coletas de verão, período de alimentação esperado de 6h-18h, para o intervalo de 18h-24h. A ruminação foi afetada principalmente pelo padrão diário de alimentação. O padrão de ingestão de água, da mesma forma, variou significativamente (P<0,05) em função do comportamento de alimentação e das condições ambientais (temperatura ambiente e umidade do ar), marcadamente no lote de vacas. | The feeding behaviour, rumination and water consumption of primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows, housed in a free-stall system were studied, in response to different combinations of temperature and relative air humidity. Data were collected during three days (24 hours) in the summer and winter months. Feeding behaviour and rumination were monitored in each 15 minute intervals, and the water ingestion, continuously all day long. Environmental temperature and relative humidity were also monitored in each hour interval. During summer time, the environmental temperature and relative humidity significantly affected (P<0.05) feeding behaviour of the cows with an increasing time of feeding intervals, from 6am - 6pm to 6pm - 12pm. Daily pattern of rumination was defined by the daily pattern of feeding. The water ingestion varied significantly (P<0.05) as a function of the feeding behavior due to environmental temperature and air humidity, mainly in the cow group.

Estudaram-se a ingestão de alimentos e de água e a ruminação em vacas primíparas e multíparas da raça Holandesa, com alta produção de leite, criadas em sistema de confinamento do tipo free stall, em diferentes combinações de temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar. Foram realizadas três coletas de dados nos meses de verão e três nos de inverno, todas elas com duração de 24 horas. As atividades de alimentação e ruminação foram monitoradas em intervalos de 15 minutos e a de ingestão de água, continuamente ao longo das 24 horas. A temperatura ambiente e a umidade relativa do ar foram observadas em intervalos de uma hora. O binômio temperatura ambiente/umidade do ar alteraram significativamente (P<0,05) o padrão de alimentação de vacas e novilhas nas coletas de verão, período de alimentação esperado de 6h-18h, para o intervalo de 18h-24h. A ruminação foi afetada principalmente pelo padrão diário de alimentação. O padrão de ingestão de água, da mesma forma, variou significativamente (P<0,05) em função do comportamento de alimentação e das condições ambientais (temperatura ambiente e umidade do ar), marcadamente no lote de vacas.

Summaries (En) | Gift

Report on the activity of the "Natural Mineral Water Working Committee" of the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Hungarian National Committee. The working committee has been functioning since 1972. The European Regional Standard (108-1981) was perpared in 1981. On its 19 Session the Codex Alimentarius Commission adopted a resolution according to which - with regard to the importance of mineral waters - the European Standard had to be redrafted to a world standard and an other standard had to be elaborated for the packaged (bottled) waters other than natural mineral waters as well. The new standard prepared in Thun Switzerland in 1996 and it was adopted on the 22 Session of the C.A.C. The elaboration of the world standard for packaged (bottled) waters other than mineral waters started in Bern, in 1998

Les recherches effectuees conjointement en Wallonie (Belgique) et dans le bassin Artois Picardie (Nord de la France) sur l'eau des aquiferes mettent en evidence que le nickel peut etre d'origine naturelle. L'apparition de cet allergene parait liee a la mise en solution de marcassite ou de pyrite dans des conditions de milieu specifique avec pour corollaire une elevation de la teneur en sulfates des eaux de nappe analysees. Les conditions de solubilisation du nickel sont etudiees: Eh, pH, liens avec les oxydes de fer et de manganese. En outre, une observation des variations du rapport nickel/cobalt peut permettre de distinguer le nickel d'origine naturelle de celui resultant des activites humaines. Ces differentes donnees nouvelles devraient permettre de mieux gerer la ressource en eau alimentaire eu egard au cadre plus contraignant de la nouvelle directive europeenne concernant les eaux de distribution

Comme toutes les plantes, la vigne a besoin d'eau, mais ses besoins sont specifiques et ils constituent l'un des caracteres du terroir. On presente une evaluation globale des besoins de la vigne, puis comment la vigne absorbe l'eau et ou elle la trouve et enfin comment elle se comporte vis a vis de l'eau dans differentes situations et au cours de son cycle vegetatif. Cet expose ne se propose pas d'etre exhaustif, mais oriente vers l'obtention et la comprehension de la qualite des produits