甘薯新品种金山679是以金山57和广薯87为亲本经杂交选育而成，表现高产、稳产、食味品质好。研究金山679的高产生理特性，结果表明：该品种在整个生育时期均维持较大的叶面积指数，保持较高的光合生产能力；同时块根库容大，接纳同化物质能力强，同化产物积累于块根的比例也较高。上述生理特性显示金山679具有较高的产量潜力，形成高产的生理基础。[著者文摘] | A new sweet potato variety Jinshan679 was bred from the hybrid offspring of Jinshan 57 and Guangshu87. with high stable yield, good eating quality. The high - yield physiological characteristics of Jins- ban 679 were studied. The results showed that Jinshan 679 maintains a relatively high level throughout the whole growing period, therefore kept high photosynthetic production capacity. At the same time, the variety demonstrates stronger ability to accumulation with a higher sink capacity, and the ratio of assimilation production was higher in the tuberous roots. The variety had high resistance against drought. All the above showed the high - yield physiological basis and potential of the variety.

研究制备新型微囊化屎肠球菌活菌制剂的方法。采用发酵前包被工艺，对屎肠球菌进行微囊化，在加入适量氯化钙的MRS培养基中进行固化培养，过滤收集微胶囊，45 ℃干燥后得到微囊化屎肠球菌活菌制剂。采用平板菌落计数法评价其对80 ℃高温、模拟胃肠液及常温贮藏条件的耐受能力。采用发酵前包被工艺获得的微囊化屎肠球菌液态产品的活菌数较发酵后包被工艺提高了2 lgCFU/mL。通过在发酵培养基中加入2 g/L氯化钙，并在45 ℃条件下烘干，不仅可以得到球形度好、大小均匀的微囊化屎肠球菌固态产品，而且其活菌数可以达到11.57 lgCFU/g。与游离屎肠球菌固态产品相比，微囊化屎肠球菌活菌制剂具有更强的耐受80 ℃高温及模拟胃肠液的能力（P＜0.01），在常温条件下储存2个月，活菌数基本没有变化。微囊化屎肠球菌活菌制剂的发酵前包被制备工艺简单、产品形态较好、抗逆性强、稳定性高，且具有较高的包埋率，可以作为饲用高活性微生态制剂应用于生产实际。 | The research prepared and studied probiotics of new microencapsulated Enterococcus faecium. In this paper, we microencapsulated Enterococcus faecium using coating technology before fermentation, collected them by filtration technology, cultured in MRS medium adding suitable concentration of anhydrous calcium chloride, dried under the condition of 45 ℃ and got solid microencapsulated Enterococcus faecium products. And their tolerance abilities to the 80 ℃ temperature and the artificial gastric and intestinal fluids were evaluated in viable plate counts. The viable bacteria counts of liquid microencapsulated Enterococcus faecium products using coating technology before fermentation increased by 2 lgCFU/mL, more than that after fermentation. We could not only get both moderate sizes and ideal morphology products, but also high viable bacteria counts of 11.57 lgCFU/g by culturing in MRS adding 2 g/L anhydrous calcium chloride and drying for 5 h under the condition of 45 ℃ in electric blastdrying oven. Studies on using 80 ℃ temperature and the artificial gastric and intestinal fluids showed that the solid microencapsulated Enterococcus faecium products could survive better than free Enterococcus faecium products (P＜0.01). The experiment of storage at room temperature showed that there was no notable decline concerning the number of live bacteria. Therefore, the simple technology and the products of ideal morphology, strong stress resistance, good stability and high yield would be beneficial for the development of new microbial ecological agents with high activity that can be used widely in feedstuffs.

[目的] 探讨木聚糖酶的生理生化特性。[方法] 采用平板活性筛选法从不同环境样品中筛选出木聚糖降解能力最强的菌株进行鉴定并对其所产粗木聚糖酶的特性进行研究。[结果] 菌株GXM1 被鉴定为洋葱假单胞菌, 菌株GXM4 为类芽孢杆菌。菌株GXM1 所产木聚糖酶的最适pH 为6.0 , 最适温度为55 ℃, 菌株GXM4 所产木聚糖酶的最适pH 为6.0 , 最适温度为50 ℃。2 株菌株所产的木聚糖酶在40 ℃以下较为稳定。Mn2 + 、Ca2 + 和Zn2 + 对菌株GXM1 所产木聚糖酶有显著的激活作用, 而Cu2 + 、Fe2 + 和Fe3 + 对其有显著的抑制作用;Ca2 + 和Fe3 + 对菌株GXM4 所产木聚糖酶有显著的激活作用, 而Mn2 + 、Zn2 + 和Fe2 + 对其有显著的抑制作用。[结论] 为高效木聚糖酶的生产应用奠定了理论基础。 | [Objective] The aim was to discuss the physiological and biochemical characteristics of xylanase . [Method] The strains with strongest xylan degradation ability were screened from samples in different environment by plate activity screening method and then identified. The characteristics of the crude xylanase produced by the screened strains were studied. [Result] The strain GXM1 was identified as Burkholderia cepacia and the strain GXM4 was identified as Paenibacillus favisporus. The suitable pH value of xylanase produced by the strain GXM1 was 6 .0 and its suitable temperature was 55 ℃. The suitable pH value of xylanase produced by the strain GXM4 was 6 .0 and its suitable temperature was 50 ℃. The xylanase produced by the 2 trains were stable below40 ℃. Mn2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+ had significant activation on the xylanase produced by the strain GXM1, while Cu2+, Fe2+ and Fe3+ had significant inhibitory effect on it. Ca2+ and Fe3+ had significant activation on the xylanase produced by the strain GXM4, while Mn2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ had significant inhibitory effect on it. [Conclusion] The research laid the theoretical foundation for the production application of efficient xylanase.

研究干旱对小麦旗叶光合产物供应能力的影响，揭示小麦抗旱高产的生理机制，为提高小麦的抗旱能力及高产稳产提供理论依据。在防雨池栽培条件下，以旱地冬小麦品种长武134（抗旱性强）和水地冬小麦品种陕253（抗旱性弱）为试材，以适宜水分处理为对照（CK，土壤含水量为田间持水量的70%～75%），研究干旱处理（土壤含水量为田间持水量的50%～55%）对不同冬小麦旗叶光合产物供应速率（净光合速率和蔗糖合成能力）和供应持续期的影响。与对照相比，干旱处理降低了冬小麦灌浆中后期旗叶净光合速率，缩短了净光合速率高值持续期(PAD)，其中长武134降幅较小，净光合速率较高；干旱处理提高了冬小麦灌浆初期旗叶的蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性，其中长武134增幅较大，且在灌浆中后期依然能保持相对较高的蔗糖供应能力；干旱处理缩短了冬小麦叶绿素含量缓降期(RSP)，提高了丙二醛(MDA)含量，加速了旗叶的衰老，缩短了光合产物的供应持续期，其中长武134受干旱影响较小；干旱处理降低了冬小麦灌浆中后期主茎穗粒质量积累量及其速率，其中长武134降幅较小。干旱条件下，抗旱品种长武134旗叶在灌浆中后期可维持较高的光合产物供应速率和较长供应持续期，这是其主茎穗粒质量积累量及其速率降幅较小的重要原因。 | Studying the effects of drought on photosynthate supplying capability of flag leaf can partially reveal the physiological mechanisms of drought-resistant wheat cultivars with high grain yield and provide some theoretical basis for improving drought resistance ability and maintaining a high and stable yield of wheat. Under the condition of rain-proof shelter culture, two types of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), dryland cultivar Changwu 134 (drought-resistant) and irrigated cultivar Shaan 253 (drought-sensitive), were applied to study the effects of soil drought (the soil water content was 50%C55% of the field water capacity) on photosynthate supplying rate (net photosynthetic rate and sucrose synthetic rate) and supplying duration of flag leaves. Thereinto, the optimum soil water treatment was served as control (CK,the soil water content was 70%-75% of the field water capacity). Compared with the control, both net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic active duration (PAD) of flag leaves in two winter wheats were significantly decreased during the middle and late grain filling period due to drought stress. In contrast with Shaan 253, however, Changwu 134 had a relatively lower decreased degree and could maintain a higher Pn. Drought also significantly increased the flag leaf sucrose phosphate syntheses (SPS) activity in two winter wheats during the early grain filling period. However, Changwu 134 exhibited relatively higher flag leaf SPS activity when compared with Shaan 253, which might be helpful to preserve a high sucrose supplying capability during the middle and late grain filling period. Moreover, the shortened steady phase of chlorophyll content (RSP) and the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in flag leaf might accelerate the aging of flag leaf, which could significantly shorten its photosynthate supplying duration. Furthermore, drought resulted in a significant decrease of accumulation rate and accumulation amount per spike grain mass of main stem during the middle and late grain filling period, but had little influence on Changwu 134. Under drought conditions, drought-resistance wheat-Changwu 134 can maintain a relatively higher photosynthate supplying rate and longer photosynthate supplying duration in comparison with Shaan 253, which could be a key reason for a low decrease of accumulation rate and accumulation amount per spike grain mass of main stem.

［目的］确定绿色木霉ZJ株产纤维素酶的最佳诱导时间和诱导物，为其实际应用提供条件。［方法］接种绿色木霉ZJ株7 d内，每天取培养物样品，采用3, 5-二硝基水杨酸法检测产酶量。将绿色木霉ZJ株接种添加了不同碳源或氮源的基础培养基中，观察绿色木霉的生长情况，测定菌丝重量，检测不同培养时间的培养物中CMCase酶的产量。［结果］绿色木霉ZJ株的最适培养时间为72~96 h；绿色木霉在以单糖、双糖为碳源的培养基中均能迅速生长，CMCase酶产量在3~4 d时达到高峰，以纤维素粉的诱导效果最佳；以硫酸铵与酵母膏组成的复合氮源最适合绿色木酶ZJ菌丝的生长，产酶活力最高。［结论］接种后3~4 d收获绿色木霉ZJ株培养物可获得最大产酶量；以纤维素粉作为碳源，以硫酸铵与酵母膏组成的复合氮源为氮源，绿色木霉的产酶活力最高。_ | ［Objective］To determine the best culture time and inducer for the biosynthesis of cellulase by Trichoderma vivide and thus provide the conditions for its practical application. ［Method］ Within the 7 d after the inoculation of Trichoderma vivide ZJ strain， the cultures were collected once every day， and the enzyme yield was respectively determined by 3，5-dinitrosalicylic acid assay. The Trichoderma vivide ZJ strain was inoculated into basal medium added by different types of carbon sources or nitrogen sources，and the growth of Trichoderma viride was observed. And the mycelium weight as well as the yield of CMCase enzyme after different culture time was determined. ［Result］ The optimal culture time for Trichoderma viride ZJ strain was 72-96 h；it grew rapidly in the medium added by monosaccharide or disaccharide as carbon sources， and the production of CMCase enzyme reached a peak after 3-4 d post inoculation. Cellulose powder was the best carbon inducer. The compound nitrogen source composed of 1 g/L ammonium sulfate and 2 g/L yeast extract was the most suitable for the growth of ZJ strain and produced the highest enzyme activity. ［Conclusion］The largest enzyme yield should be obtained after 3-4 d post the inoculation of Trichoderma viride ZJ strain. With cellulose powder as a carbon source and the complex substance composed of ammonium sulfate and yeast extract as a nitrogen source， Trichoderma viride has the highest enzyme activity._

为了建立适宜百合遗传转化的受体系统，以铁炮百合品种白天堂无菌苗的叶片和鳞片为外植体，薄层切割后接种于添加不同植物激素的培养基上，观察其植株再生情况，并对其建立的再生体系的遗传转化前景进行了分析比较。结果表明，叶片薄层细胞几乎没有再生能力；2，4-D和Picloram均可诱导横向薄层鳞片细胞直接产生鳞茎芽，最适的培养基是MS＋2，4-D0．002mg／L，在30d内就可直接诱导出鳞茎芽，再生率达到100％，平均出芽数为2．38；MS＋TDZ 0．4mg／L＋NAA 0．5mg／L可以诱导横向薄层鳞片细胞产生愈伤。综合考虑，百合鳞片薄层培养以MS＋2，4-D 0．002mg／L诱导的直接再生体系为最佳的再生体系。[著者文摘] | In order to establish the genetic transformation system of lily,the thin cell layer of leaves and scales were cultured on MS media supplemented with 2,4-D, TDZ, NAA or Picloram to screen the suitable explants and plant growth regulators. The results showed that the TCL of leaves was hardly regenerate. 2,4-D and Picloram could induce bulblets from tTCL of scale. The best medium was MS＋2, 4-D 0. 002 mg/L with bud regeneration rate of 100% and average buds of 2. 38 in 30 days. MS＋TDZ 0. 4 mg/L＋NAA 0. 5 mg/L could induce callus from tTCL of scale. On all accounts, the highly efficient regeneration system is to directly regenerate the tTCL of scale with MS＋2,4-D 0. 002 mg/L.

[目的] 筛选有良好分解效果的纤维素分解菌。[方法] 以含菌秸秆、腐叶和玉米地土壤为材料, 经富集培养后, 根据水解圈直径进行纤维素分解菌初筛分离培养和复筛培养, 制取粗酶液, 测定CMC 酶活力和滤纸酶活。[结果] 从各地采集的样品中共分离到6 个菌株,各菌株均能在羧甲基纤维素钠培养基上较好生长, 其中菌株H-1 、H-2 、H-6 生长最快,而其余菌株则生长缓慢, 菌株H-2的CMC 酶活和滤纸酶活分别为0.211 4 和0 .295 0 IU/ ml ,菌株H-6的CMC 酶活和滤纸酶活分别为0 .201 6 和0 .280 2 IU/ ml , 高于其他4 种菌株; 菌株H-4的产纤维素酶能力最低,CMC 酶活和滤纸酶活分别为0 .181 9 和0 .206 5IU/ ml 。[结论] H-2 、H-6 菌株分解纤维素的能力最强。 | [Objective] The aim was to screen cellulose-decomposing bacteria with good decomposition effect . [Method] With straw that contained bacterium, rotten leaves and soil in maize field as materials, after the enrichment culture, the bacteria was isolated and cultured according to the diameter of hydrolyzed circle for primary and secondary screening. The crude enzyme liquid was prepared for the determination of CMCase activity and filter paper enzyme activity. [Result] 6 strains were isolated from the examples in different places were isolated and all could grow well on the sodium carboxymethylcellulose medium. Among them, the strains H-1, H-2 , H-6 grew most quickly and other strains grew slowly . The CMCase activity and filter paper enzyme activity of H-2 was 0 .211 4 and 0 .295 0 IU/ ml resp., that of H-6 was 0 .201 6 and 0 .280 2 IU/ ml resp. and they were higher than that of other 4 strains. Producing cellulase ability of strain H-4 was the lowest and its CMCase activity and filter paper activity was 0 .181 9 and 0 .206 5 IU/ ml resp. [Conclusion] Strains H-2, H-6 had the strongest ability to decompose cellulose.

分析不同品种牡丹花瓣的抗氧化活性。采用卵黄脂蛋白过氧化法、DPPH法和氮兰四唑（NBT）光还原法、水杨酸羟基化法，以Vc和BHT为阳性对照，在DPPH 、O2－• 和•OH的产生和检测系统以及卵黄组织匀浆中，加入一定量的牡丹花瓣提取液，观察其与活性氧引发反应的竞争效应，研究6个牡丹品种（“藏枝红”、“洛阳红”、“胡红”、“迎日红”、“赵粉”和“凤丹”）花瓣提取液的抗氧化活性。牡丹花瓣提取液能明显抑制卵黄组织匀浆的脂质过氧化作用，降低DPPH的吸光值、抑制O2－• 介导的NBT光化学还原及•OH 作用下的水杨酸羟基化作用，其中牡丹花瓣提取液清除DPPH自由基的活性高于200 μg/mL BHT，但低于80 μg/mL Vc。6个品种的牡丹花瓣提取液，在4种测定系统中均具有一定程度的抗氧化能力，且水提取液的抗氧化活性略高于体积分数50%乙醇提取液，深色花瓣提取液对不同自由基的清除能力较强。牡丹花瓣可能成为一种新的高效天然抗氧化剂。 | To extract the antioxidant compounds from peony flowers, its effect of cleaning oxygen radical was analyzed. The extracts from 6 peonies petals were isolated by water and 50% ethanol. Its antioxidation activities were detected and evaluated by four systems of DPPH, O2－•, •OH and PUFA with controls for Vc and BHT．Water or 50% ethanol extracts of 6 peonies petals were added to the generating and detecting systems of DPPH radical，hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide radical (O2－•) and PUFA peroxidation of yolk lipoprotein for the observation of its competitive abilities to active reactions. The results indicated that the water or 50% ethanol extracts from peonies petals could reduce light absorption of DPPH and •OH initiated hydroxylation of salicylate, and inhibit O2－• mediated light chemical reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) effectively, and lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty from yolk lipoprotein, in which DPPH scavenging activities of 6 peonies water extracts were higher than that of 200 μg/mL BHT, but lower than 80 μg/mL Vc. In 4 kinds of detecting systems of antioxidation, the peroxidation activity of deep colored flowers of peonies was higher than that of light colored flowers of peonies. The peony flower can be used as an antioxidation．

以Ⅱ优107（大穗）和汕优63（中穗）为试验材料，研究了2个品种灌浆结实期非结构性碳水化合物运转特征。结果表明，灌浆前期Ⅱ优107比汕优63具有较强的光合物质生产能力，齐穗期汕优63叶鞘和茎秆非结构性碳水化合物含量均高于Ⅱ优107。在物质主要输出期（齐穗后10d内）和齐穗至成熟期间，非结构性碳水化合物输出量汕优63除倒1鞘略低于Ⅱ优107外，倒2、倒3鞘均高于Ⅱ优107，汕优63茎秆输出量要远高于Ⅱ优107。[著者文摘] | The field experiment was conducted in 2006 to determine the transloeation of non-structural carbohydrates （NSC） from the stem to the grains of two indica rice cultivars with contrasting panicle traits, i. e. Eryou 107 with large panicle and Shanyou 63 with medium panicle. The results showed that during the early filling stage the photosynthetic productivity of Eryou 107 was higher than that of Shanyou 63, and that during the full heading stage, the content of NSC in the sheath and stem of Shanyou 63 was higher than that of Eryou 107. During the 10 days after heading and from heading to maturing, the NSC translocated from the stem, 2nd and 3rd sheath of Shanyou 63 was higher than that of Erynu 107.

对适于饲用的高油玉米新组合的主要农艺性状进行遗传分析，有利于饲用高油玉米新品种的选育。试验于2007-2008年在天津市静海县良种场进行，利用NCⅡ设计，对25个杂交组合的10个农艺性状进行了遗传分析。一般配合力方差大小依次为：穗粗、单株鲜重、株高、穗行数、百粒重、穗位高、籽粒含浦率、单株粒重、穗长和行粒数．特殊配合力方差大小依次为：行粒数、穗长、单株粒重、籽粒含油率、穗位高、百粒重、穗行数、株高、单株鲜重和穗粗。广义遗传率大小依次为：百粒重、穗长、单株粒重、单株鲜重、穗行数、穗位高、穗粗、籽粒含油率、行粒数和株高，狭义遗传率大小依次为：单株鲜重、百粒重、穗粗、穗行数、穗位高、单株粒重、穗长、籽粒含油率、株高、行粒数。单株鲜重与株高、行粒数、穗行数和单株粒重呈显著正相关，但籽粒含油率与各性状没显著相关关系。对单株鲜重正向直接贡献率高低依次为：株高、单株粒重、行粒数、百粒重和穗行数，对籽粒含油率正向直接贡献率高低依次为：单株粒重、穗长和穗粗。ZP201×春油60、ZP201×GY798-x2、ZP240×GY798-x2、GY220-x1×春油60、GY220-x1×GY798-x2、ZP202×GY115改是生物产量和籽粒含油率均较高的优良杂交组合。选择单株粒重和籽粒含油率高的性状，有望解决高产与高油的矛盾，能增加组配高油和高产量玉米杂交种的机会。[著者文摘] | To study the heredity of main agronomic characters in forage high oil maize new combinations, genetic analysis of ten characters of twenty-five combinations were analysised by NC Ⅱ design in Jinghai of Tianjin in 2007 and 2008. General combination ability（GCA） variance were sequenced as ear diameter, fresh weight per plant, plant height, row number of ear, 100 kernel weight, ear height, kernel oil contents, kernel weight per plant, ear length and kernel number per row. Special combination ability （SCA） variance were sequenced as kernel number per row, ear length, kernel weight per plant, kernel oil contents, ear height, 100 kernel weight, row number of ear, plant height, fresh weight per plant and ear diameter. The estimated of heritability in the broad were sequenced as 100 kernel weight, ear length, kernel weight per plant, fresh weight per plant, row number of ear, ear height, ear diameter, kernel oil contents, kernel number per row and plant height. The estimated of heritability in the narrow were sequenced as fresh weight per plant, 100 kernel weight, ear diameter, row number of ear, ear height, kernel weight per plant, ear length, kernel oil contents, plant height and kernel number per row. Fresh weight per plant was significantly positively correlated with plant height and kernel number per row and row number of ear and kernel weight per plant, but the relationship of kernel oil contents and each characters was weak. The positive direct contributions of characters to fresh weight per plant were plant height 〉 kernel weight per plant 〉 kernel number per row 〉 100 kernel weight 〉 row number of ear. The positive direct contributions of characters to kernel oil contents were kernel weight per plant 〉 ear length 〉 ear diameter. The better hyhridized combinations of high biomass and kernel oil contents were ZP201xehunyou 60, ZP201×GY798- x2, ZP240×GY798-x2, GY220-x1×chunyou 60, GY220-x1×GY798-x2 and ZP202×GY115 gal. Selecting the characters of kernel weight per plant and high kernel oil contents eould be applied to solving contradition of high yield and high oil, and to increase the chance of breeding high oil and high yield maize hybrids.