The importance of milk for the growth and health of a newborn offspring is well known. Milk contains immunoglobulin G (Ig G), Ig A, lactoperoxidase, lactoferin, cytokines, and growth factors. Osteopontin, one of the multifunctional proteins, is secreted by macrophages, T cell, and epithelial cells. Although osteopontin production in bovine milk have been documented, the precise expression levels in bovine milk have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to observe the expression of osteopontin, in bovine milk during the lactation period or bovine mammary glands.

The left main descending artery (LMDA) of left coronary artery (LCA) in rats runs around the left side of conus arteriosus after arising from the aortic sinus and descends to the apex of heart with branching several branches into the wall of left ventricle (LV). The ligation site of LMDA for myocardial infarction (MI) is the 2~4 mm from LCA origin, between the pulmonary trunk and left auricle. The characteristics that rat heart has no interventricular groove on the surface and its coronary arteries run intramyocardially with branching several branches give the difficulty in surgery for MI which resulted in expected size.

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidative effects of Houttuynia cordata root on non-lipid oxidative damage. The antioxidative effects of methanolic (MeOH) extract of Houttuynia cordata root on non-lipid, including liposome oxidation, oxidation of deoxyribose, protein oxidation, chelating, scavenging, and 2'-deoxyguanosine (2'dG) oxidation were investigated. Houttuynia cordata root exhibited high antioxidative effect in a liposome model system. The inhibitory effect of MeOH extract on deoxyribose damage exhibited antioxidative effect and it afforded considerable protection against damage to deoxyribose.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important bacterial pathogen that causes chronic gastritis and is associated with gastroduodenal ulcer disease, adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach, and gastric lymphoma in humans. The differences of host susceptibility of H. pylori infection associated with host age have not been well-defined in human. To evaluate the difference in host susceptibility to infection in relation to age of acquisition of H. pylori infection, we designed an experiment involving inoculation of H. pylori ATCC 43504 at different ages of Mongolian gerbils.

This study was carried out to investigate the pathogenesis and pathogenicity of the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Korean isolate from weaned pigs. Twenty four weaned pigs, PCV2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) antibodies free, were allocated to 4 groups (n=6). Six pigs were inoculated intranasally with PCV2 alone, 6 with PCV2 and PRRSV, 6 with the combined PCV2/PRRSV/PPV inoculum, and 6 were remained as a uninoculated negative control. Pigs were killed 3 and 6 weeks after inoculation and tissue samples examined for gross and microscopic lesions and for the presence of PCV2 antigens and nucleic acids.

Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus is one of the most important cultured fish in Korea, its farming has been negatively impacted by viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases. Streptococcal infection was considered as a serious problem because of significant economic losses in olive flounder farm industry. The development and evaluation of vaccine for protection against infection by this agent were required. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of β-hemolytic Streptococcus (S.) iniae vaccine on olive flounder.

Pneumocystis (P.) carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of many animal species and human, which can cause fatal pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. Three 100-day-old pigs with progressive atrophy, anorexia and respiratory distress were submitted to the Cheju National University for diagnosis. Grossly, the lungs were enlarged with rubbery consistency. Histopathologically, the lungs were characterized by diffuse interstitial pneumonia with thickening of alveolar septa due to infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes.

Isolated splenic torsion is a rare disease, which is usually produced in deep-chest large breed dogs. A five-year old Pitbull terrier and a four-year old Yorkshire terrier were diagnosed as isolated splenic torsion with chronic form. Leukocytosis, anemia and elevated hepatic enzyme level were found in blood test and a large amount of ascites was observed. Abdominal radiography revealed splenomegaly and ascites and ultrasonography showed diffuse hypoechoic change of spleen in case 1 and hyperechoic change of spleen with focal hypoechoic regions in case 2, thromboembolism of splenic vein and abnormal direction of spleen.

Cause of high lethality and dissemination to human being, new development of rapid method for the detection of highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) is still necessary. For the detection of AIV subtype H5N1, typical pathogenic AIV, new method to confirm sub-typing of this virus is also needed. For the purpose of ultra-rapid detection and sub-typing of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of AIV, this study was planned. As the results we could demonstrate an ultra-rapid multiplex real-time PCR (URMRT-PCR) for the detection of AIV.

Serological surveillance programs in animal populations are becoming increasingly important to estimate prevalence of a specific disease and subsequently to document disease-free status in a region or a country. For these purposes, the programs need to be based on both theoretical and economical aspects from the designing phase. From Aujeszky's disease (AD)-eradication program point of view, group of animals (aggregates, herds) not individual animal is the more important sampling unit of concern.