Twelve biotinylated lectins and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase method were used to detect and localize specific carbohydrate residues on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded female canine mammary gland sections. Histologic sections from 3 lactating and 7 nonlactating mixed-breed dogs (age 5.6 +/- 0.35 years) were incubated with Arachis hypogea agglutinin (peanut agglutinin; PNA), Concanavalia ensiformis agglutinin (conA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), Glycine max agglutinin (SBA), Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-I (GS-I), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin (LEA), Phytolacca americana mitogen (pokeweed mitogen; PWM), Ricinus communis agglutinin-I and-II (RCA-I and -II), Triticum vulgaris (WGA), and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I). Each lectin had a specific binding pattern, except SBA and DBA. In nonlactating glands, PNA, conA, LEA, and UEA-I stained duct cells in a linear-binding pattern, with a mean percentage of positive ducts per section of 28.7 (+/- 0.6), 65.7 (+/- 0.3), 100 (+/- 0), and 8.4 (+/- 0.2), respectively. Strong apical, lateral, basal, and cytoplasmic positivity on duct cells was seen after incubation of the sections with RCA-I, RCA-II, and WGA in all ducts. In acinar cells, the binding pattern and the staining distribution of all the lectins studied were similar to those in duct cells. However, for PNA, conA, and UEA-I, the mean percentage of positive lobules per section was 33.7 (+/- 0.9), 62 (+/- 0.5), and 10.5 (+/- 0.2), respectively. In glands from lactating dogs, conA and UEA-I did not stain. The cytoplasm of all myoepithelial cells was moderately stained with RCA-I, RCA-II, and WGA. Endothelial cells stained with GS-I, PWM, RCA-I, RCA-II, WGA, conA, and LCA. The extracellular matrix, especially the periacinar and periduct regions, and the interstitial fibroblasts were positive for LCA, RCA-I, RCA-II, and WGA. Peripheral unmyelinated nerve fibers of the nipple were strongly positive for GS-I, PWM, RCA-1, RCA-II, and WGA. Some of the lectins used (ie, PNA, conA, UEA-I, GS-I, PWM, and LEA) appear to have selective staining of mammary gland structures that seems to be correlated with various physiologic functions. The contrasting binding pattern of lectins specific for the same sugar indicates a lack of knowledge of interactions between lectins and carbohydrate residues in tissue sections.

Lectin binding of small intestinal goblet cells was examined in newborn, suckling, and weaned pigs. Sections of duodenum, proximal portion of the jejunum, distal portion of the jejunum, and ileum were embedded in a hydrophilic acrylic resin and treated with each of the following lectins: Canavalia ensiformis, Ricinus communis I, Glycine max, Ulex europaeus I, and Triticum vulgaris. Percentages of goblet cells binding each lectin were calculated within intestinal regions. Differences in lectin-binding affinity were detected among pigs of various ages and among various intestinal regions within pig age groups.

To determine the role of thromboxane A2 in the pathogenesis of experimentally induced immune complex glomerulonephritis, 12 concanavalin A-immunized Beagles were infused with 1 mg of concanavalin A via each renal artery and treated twice daily for 8 days with either 30 mg of CGS 12970/kg, PO, a specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, or placebo. The effect of treatment was assessed by measuring endogenous creatinine clearance and urine protein and eicosanoid excretion, and by evaluating changes in glomerular morphometric characteristics. On postinfusion day 8, urine protein, thromboxane B2, and 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 excretion, glomerular epithelial crescent formation, and glomerular cell proliferation in the CGS 12970-treated dogs were significantly decreased when compared with values in the placebo-treated group. Differences were not observed in endogenous creatinine clearance, urine prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha excretion, or glomerular polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration between groups in this study. These findings suggest thromboxane A2 has a role in the development of immune complex glomerulonephritis and that thromboxane synthetase inhibition may be beneficial in attenuating some of the functional and histologic changes associated with immune complex glomerulonephritis.

In order to search the availability of the lectin extracted from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) as an adjuvant for the avian vaccines, attempts were made to determine toxicity of the lectin in chicks and its immunostimulating activity on the inactivated vaccines against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). For the determination of toxicity, the lectin was injected into the thigh muscle of SPF chicks (Charles River) of 1-week-old and observed hematologically and pathologically.

In the present study toxicity and immunostimulating activity of the lectin (KML-C), which was extracted from Korean mistletoe (Viscum album coloratum) were investigated in swine. To determine the toxicity, lectin was injected into thigh or cervical muscles of 4-week-old piglets (Landrace) and observed clinically and pathologically. For determinatio of the immunostimulating activity, lectin (0.7 ㎍/kg of body weight)-adjuvanted vaccine of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) (NYJ1-87) which was inactivated by 0.2% formalin was injected into the cervical muscle of antibody-negative piglets in the same age group.

Studying of interaction of phytolectins with carbohydrate epitopes of cattle erythrocytes and alpha 1-4 D-glukan was realize in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus was realized by the example of seeds of soy (Glycine max) of Viliya variety, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) of Olga variety, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) of VM-MGF variety, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) of Akogomugi varity. Lectins studies of pathological conditions (infringement of a cellular metabolism, transformation and cell destruction, etc.) were closely connected with research of structure and functions of cellular membranes that was important for carrying out of various biotechnological works. As a result of the realized research there was given the comparative characteristic of hemagglutinin activity of phytolectins of some bean and grain crops in relation to erythrocytes of cattle and precipitating with and 1-4 D-glukan. Intensive precipitation of alpha 1-4 D-glukan was observed in the conditions of its interaction with lectins of soya and wheat and less expressed in the conditions of interaction with lectins of bean and barley. It was established, that glucose monomers and its derivatives proved to be the basic structural element of glycocalyx of erythrocytes which detected the phytolectins of soya, beans, wheat and barley

For the successful decision of pressing questions of manufacture of cattle-breeding production in the field of biochemistry in whole and molecular biology in particular in-depth studies are necessary. Progress and achievements in this area are closely connected with development of new research methods. One of them is studying of proteins-lectines. Lectines, entering into structure of plant tissues, microorganisms, animal, take part in regulation of their metabolism, and also in protection against some agents of environment. On the other hand, lectines, being allocated from live objects, are the valuable biochemical reagents which use is perspective in experimental cytochemistry, in diagnostics and treatment of some animal diseases, in biotechnological processes of allocation of some difficult hydrocarbon-bearing substances. Result of the spent research was the comparative characteristic of hemagglutinin activity of phytolectines of some bean and grain crops in relation to cattle erythrocytes and precipitated with and D-yeast cellulose. Intensive precipitation with a 1-4 D-yeast cellulose was observed at its interaction with soya and wheat pectins, and less expressed - at interaction with string bean and barley pectins. It is established, that by the basic structural element of erythrocytes glycocalyx which detect soya, string beans, wheat and barley phytolectines, are monomeasures of glucose or its derivatives. The given interactions of phytolectines with a 1-4 D-yeast cellulose are presented, hemagglutination curves by results of turbodimetria are shown | Для успешного решения актуальных вопросов производства животноводческой продукции необходимы глубокие исследования в области биохимии в целом и молекулярной биологии в частности. Прогресс и достижения в этой области науки тесно связаны с развитием новых методов исследований. Одним из них является изучение белков-лектинов. Лектины, входя в структуру тканей растений, микроорганизмов, животных, принимают участие в регулировании их метаболизма, а также в защите от некоторых агентов внешней среды. С другой стороны, лектины, будучи выделенные из живых объектов, являются ценными биохимическими реагентами, использование которых перспективно в экспериментальной цитохимии, в диагностике и лечении некоторых болезней животных, в биотехнологических процессах выделения некоторых сложных углеводсодержащих веществ. Результатом проведенных исследований явилась сравнительная характеристика гемагглютинирующей активности фитолектинов некоторых бобовых и зерновых культур по отношению к эритроцитам крупного рогатого скота и преципитирующая с а 1-4 D-глюканом. Интенсивная преципитация a 1-4 D-глюкана наблюдалась при его взаимодействии с пектинами сои и пшеницы, и менее выраженная - при взаимодействии с пектинами фасоли и ячменя. Установлено, что основным структурным элементом гликокалекса эритроцитов, который детектируют фитолектины сои, фасоли, пшеницы и ячменя, являются мономеры глюкозы или ее производные. Приведены данные взаимодействия фитолектинов с а 1-4 D-глюканом, показаны кривые гемагглютинации по результатам турбодиметрии