The etiologic agents of mucormycosis are several nonpathogenic fungi of the order Mucorales and are ubiquitous. A total of 82 chickens were infected with the disease and developed anorexia, diarrhea, malnutrition, dyspnea, and paralysis in a chicken farm, Sokcho, Kwangwon. At necropsy there were multiple nodular lesions and hemorrhages in livers, spleens, kidneys, gastro intestinal track, and respiratory system. On histopathological examination it was found that the nodular lesions were consisted of granulomatous inflammation accompanying characteristic hyphae (4-24 micro wide) of the fungi

Nine strains of Yersinia species isolated from pigs and dogs in Korea, comprising 5 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, 2 strains of Y. kristensenii and each strain of Y. pseudo-tuberculosis and Y. intermedia, were examined for the presence of virulence-associated plasmids, calcium dependency and provocation of guinea pig conjunctivitis (Sereny test). Three strains of Y. enterocolitica isolated from pigs were positive in calcium dependency and harbored one plasmid of about 45 megadalton, but negative in Sereny test

The effects of the serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels of the colostrum-conferred Korean native calves at 2 days of age on the disease incidence during the suckling period were studied. Serum total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, and IgM levels of 6 Korean native calves died from septicemia were lower than those of calves survived (p0.05). Korean native calves having low serum total protein and immunoglobulins were affected with diarrhea earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (P0.05). Korea native calves having low serum total protein were affected with bronchopneumonia earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (P0.05). Korean native calves having low serum neutralizing antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus had high incidence rate of BVD, when compared with calves having having high serum neutralizing antibody titers (P0.05)

In order to enumerate the T-lymphocytes in bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by E rosette assay, KGRBC were treated with various concentrations of 2aminoethyl-isothiouronium bromide (AET) and dextran (Dex), singly or in combination. To further standardize the assay, optimum concentration of AET-and/or Dex-treatment and incubation time for rosette forming cell (RFC) counts were determined. The levels of B-lymphocytes in the PBL were evaluated by erythrocyte-antibody (EAfc)- and erythrocyte-antibody-complement (EAC)- rosetting techniques. The PBL from 20 clinically normal Korean cattle were formed as low percentage of spontaneous E-rosette (6.7 +- 2.4 %) in control group, whereas in KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET for 20 minutes and 8 % Dex were formed as 37.3 +- 2.7 % and 45.1 +- 2.1 %, respectively. And the synergistic effects were noted no less than 66.5 +- 5.6 % when the KGRBC treated with 0.1M AET and 8 % Dex subsequently and rate of RFR did not change significantly between 3-24 hours incubation time at 4deg C, EA-and EAC-RFR were 23.3 +- 9.1 % and 23.1 +- 7.9 %, respectively. These results suggest that the KGRBC would be a useful agent for the enumeration of T-lymphocytes by E rosette assay and B-lymphocytes by EA-or EAC-rosette assay in cattle-PBL

This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of sex preselection by gradients methods using bovine serum albumin in rabbits. Artifical insemination was performed with sperm from the top and bottom layer of rabbit semen separated by bovine serum albumin gradients. Various characteristics of separated sperm, and the conception rate secondary sex ratio at artificial insemination with separated sperm were compared. The sperm from the bottom layer showed significantly high value in motility, percent of normal sperm and progressive motility as compared with control sperm and the sperm from the top layer. The conception rate of sperm from the bottom layer was higher than that of the top layer. But secondary sex ratio was not altered by this methods

This experiment was carried out to determine the progesterone concentration of bovine plasma by liquid phase double antibody enzyme immunoassay. The optimum conditions of assay-system, enzyme conjugate and gelatin were investigated. The sensitivity, recovery rate and reproducibility by this assay were also analyzed. The suitable supplementation level of gelatin was 0.2 %. As the gelatin level increased to 1 %, coefficient variation of interassay was shown to be irregular. The optimum dilution rate of enzyme conjugate was 30 times. Enzyme activity was greatly fluctuated depending on the minor condition of enzyme conjugate technique. Therefore, it was considered to be checked when determined. The sensitivity of the assay was 12 pg/tube. Recovery rate was decreased when the amount of sample was too little or too much, but the recovery rate was high as 97.8 % when the amount of sample was between 50 and 200 micro l. Mean intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation was 4.5 % and 5.9 %, respectively. By using liquid phase double antibody enzyme immunoassay, progesterone in plasma can be detected, and also this assay system is applicable to study the physiological function of progesterone and diagnosis of reproductive disorders

The levels of the serum and colostral total protein and immunoglobulins of the Korean native cows immediately after parturition and colostrum-conferred passive immune status of the Korean native calves were studied, and the results obtained were summarized as follows: The mean total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations in sera of 10 Korean native cows immediately after parturition were 6.8 +- 0.4g/dl, 24.39 +- 3.41mg/ml, 19.49 +- 2.70 mg/ml, 4.56 +- 1.14mg/ml, and 0.35 +-0.08 mg/ml respectively. And the mean total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations in colostrum were 15.0 +- 1.1 g/dl, 116.13 +- 23.07mg/ml, 101.51 +- 22.59mg/ml, 9.46 +- 1.99mg/ml, and 5.17 +- 1.59mg/ml respectively. The mean concentrations of total protein and immunoglobulins in colostrum were 2.1 times to 14.8 times higher than those in serum. The mean concentrations of total protein, total immunoglobulins in colostrum were 2.1 times to 14.8 times higher than those in serum. The mean concentrations of total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM and IgA in sera from 211 Korean native calves at 2 days old were 6.7 +- 0.9g/dl, 35.74 +- 9.56mg/ml, 29.06 +-8.07mg/ml, 4.91+-2.99mg/ml, and 1.9 +- 0.99mg.ml respectively. Although the calves had been suckled the dam's colostrum, each of calves was considerably various in levels of serum total protein and immunoglobulins and 16.1 percent of the calves were in a state of hypoglobulinemia

This study was undertaken to investigate the changes of enzyme activities resulted from low concentrated carbon monoxide poisoning on the caudate nucleus in rat. The activities of cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were observed histochemically, after the experimental animals were poisoned to 100 ppm carbon monoxide for 8 hours every day from one day to 16 days. The materials were sliced from coronal section at the level of the optic chiasm and immediately frozen sections of 10 micro m thickness were cut on the cryostat at -15deg C and incubated in the medium containing substrate for histochemical detection of cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. The sections were mounted in glycerol gelatin and observed under light microscope. It was obtained that cytochrome oxidase activity decreased moderately and succinate dehydrogenase activity showed marked or moderate activity during entire poisoning period and lactate dehydrogenase activity showed marked or moderate activity from one to 8 days but recovered to normal condition at 16th day

These studies were carried out to investigate the changes of blood pictures, histological findings and testosterone concentrations after orchidectomy in ageing rat. The total W.B.C. counts were 9.27 +- 12 x 10** (3)/mm** (3) in the control group, 9.54 +- 34 x 10** (3)/mm** (3) in the sham-operation group and 12.08 +- 28 x 10** (3)/mm** (3) in the orchidectomy group when it was checked 50days after the operation. The number of lymphocytes after orchidectomy began to increase gradually as time passes, thereafter markedly increased 10.12 +- 03 x 10** (3)/mm** (3) at 50 days after orchidectomy. The concentration of testosterone in serum began to decrease gradually after orchidectomy showed lowest level 1.68 +- 0.61 pg/ml at 50 days after orchidectomy while it was 5.82 +- 0.39 pg/ml in control group. The histological findings of thymus after orchidectomy marked increase of thymic lymphocyte, disapearance of fat cells and appearance of mitotic figures

In present study the transtracheal aspiration technique using a commercial polypropylene 5 fr. urinary catheter with 13-gauge 2.5 inch hypodermic needle was applied to bovine medicine in order to determine the availability of this procedure for diagnosis of lower respiratory tract disease. The subjects were forty adult cattle which consisted of thirty-one cows with respiratory signs such as cough and nasal discharge and nine cows without these signs. This procedure appeared suitable for collecting specimens of the lower respiratory tract secretions without uncontamination by the flora of the mouth, respiratory distress and any complications. The most of microorganisms isolated was Pasteurella multocida (48.7 %) and a mucopurulent inflammatory response was the most appeared accounting for 40 % of cytological basis. Most cows with severe clinical signs showed a mucopurulent inflammation (60 %) and Pasteurella multocida were isolated dominantly in severe cases (63.2 %). Cows with mild clinical signs were distributed in each of the five cytological classification and Pasteurella multocida was the most isolated accounting for 40 % of mild cases. In the cytologic examination, a few neutrophils and epithelial cells were seen in the fluid of mucoid inflammation, and many neutrophils with epithelial cells and thick mucoid exudate were seen in the fluid of mucopurulent inflammation. Various number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and epithlial cells were examined in the fluid of mixed cell inflammation. The columnar ciliated epithelial cells were examined mainly in normal aspirates. From these results the transtracheal aspiration technique as a diagnostic aid for lower respiratory tract disease of cow is considered as a simple, safe and useful method and can be performed in the field situation