Brucellosis is one of the common zoonoses caused by Brucella abortus (B. abortus). However, little has been reported on factors affecting invasion of B. abortus into host cells. To investigate cell-type dependent invasion of B. abortus, phagocytic RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells and non-phagocytic HeLa cells were infected with wild-type and mutant B. abortus, and their invasion efficiencies were compared. The invasion efficiencies of the strains were cell-type dependent. Wild-type B. abortus invasion efficiency was greater in phagocytic cells than in epithelial cells. The results also indicated that there are different factors involved in the invasion of B. abortus into phagocytic cells.

Blood pressure (BP) measurement plays a pivotal role in veterinary medicine for diagnosing cardiovascular disorders and monitoring anesthesia of animals. Although indirect BP measurement has been widely applied to monitor BP because of its convenience and non-invasiveness, it is still unclear whether indirect BP measurement is compatible with direct BP measurement in minipigs. In addition, the effect of animal posture during BP measurement is not well understood in minipigs despite its importance to cardiovascular performance. Therefore, both systolic and diastolic arterial BPs in minipigs were measured via femoral artery catheterization for direct BP measurement and using a compressive cuff as an indirect BP measurement under the dorsal or right lateral recumbent postures. Numerical values were processed by the Bland-Altman method to calculate the bias ± SD and the limits of agreement (LOA). In accordance with the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine guidelines, the results between direct and indirect BP measurements were determined as apparent disagreements in both systolic and diastolic arterial BPs under all postures because of large bias ± SD and wide LOA. The results of the present will help prevent misinterpretation of the anesthetized patient's condition during monitoring of BP by indirect measurement.

Although hyaluronic acid (HA) has been developed as a nanoparticle (NP; 320-400 nm) for a drug delivery system, the tissue targeting efficacy and the pharmacokinetics of HA-NPs are not yet fully understood. After a dose of 5 mg/kg of cyanine 5.5-labeled HA-NPs or HA-polymers was intravenously administrated into mice, the fluorescence was measured from 0.5 h to 28 days. The HA-NPs fluorescence was generally stronger than that of HA-polymers, which was maintained at a high level over 7 days in vivo, after which it gradually decreased. Upon ex vivo imaging, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, testis and sublingual gland fluorescences were much higher than that of other organs. The fluorescence of HA-NPs in the liver, spleen and kidney was highest at 30 min, where it was generally maintained until 4 h, while it drastically decreased at 1 day. However, the fluorescence in the liver and spleen increased sharply at 7 days relative to 3 days, then decreased drastically at 14 days. Conversely, the fluorescence of HA-polymers in the lymph node was higher than that of HA-NPs. The results presented herein may have important clinical implications regarding the safety of as self-assembled HA-NPs, which can be widely used in biomedical applications.

A 13-year-old neutered male Poodle dog was presented with a third eyelid mass in the left eye. The dog had undergone local resection of the mass about a year prior in a private practice. On cytological examination, the mass was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Although lung and lymph node metastases were suspected, based upon the computed tomographic results, exenteration was performed to relieve chronic pain and to improve the dog’s quality of life. Exenteration carried a good prognosis with no tumor recurrence until 1 year and 10 months after surgery, when local recurrence occurred near the left zygomatic arch.

The aim of this study was to draw attention to the clinical course of the disease and some laboratory findings in cats diagnosed with Toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma gondii seropositive 14 cats were used in this study. A serological evaluation was carried out to determine the presence of Toxoplasma gondii specific IgG using commercial diagnostic kits, by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Hematological and clinical changes of those cats were recorded.Of 14 cats, neural symptoms such as behavioral changes, seizures, ataxia and nystagmus were detected in 11 cats, uveitis in 5 cats and diarrhea in 4 cats. Serum urea, creatinine and bilirubin levels were normal in all cats. However, Anemia (decreased Hb, RBC, PCV) in 8 cats (57.1%), monocytosis in 6 cats (42.8%), neutrophilia in 5 cats (35.7%), hypoalbuminemia in 5 cats (35.7%) and increased AST and ALT levels in 3 cats (21.4%) were detected.It was concluded that clinical Toxoplasmosis in cats is characterized by neurological, ocular and gastrointestinal sings and hematological sings such as anemia, monocytosis, neutrophilia and hypoalbuminemia that clinically patient cats should also be evaluated in terms of Toxoplasmosis in cats.

In this study, prevalence of clinical diseases and disorders of goat at upazilla veterinary hospital, Pirojpur, Bangladesh were calculated and analyzed based on age, sex and seasonal variation during the period from June, 2014 to May, 2015. The protocol of disease diagnosis was mainly based on clinical sings, physical examination and some common laboratory techniques. Total 277 clinical cases (diseases and disorders) of goat were recorded for this study.The prevalence of medicinal, surgical and gynecological cases were 47.29%, 41.16% and 11.55%; respectively. In medicinal cases, prevalence of diarrhea was highest (22.90%) compare to bloat (13.74%), pestedes-petites ruminant (13.74%), shipping fever (12.98%), fever (11.45%), conjunctivitis (11.45%), mite infestation (10.69%) and tetanus (3.05%). Female (63.36%) and older goat (54.20%) were more susceptible to different types of medicinal cases. In surgical cases, prevalence of castration was highest (52.63%) compare to abscess (17.54%), dog bite (16.67%) and foot rot (13.16%). Summer season represented highest surgical case (49.12%) prevalence followed by winter season (33.33%) and rainy season (17.54%). In gynecological cases, prevalence of retained placenta was highest (37.50%) compare to vaginal prolapsed (31.25%) and dystocia (31.25%). Seasonal variation was also observed in gynecological cases and summer season (50%) represented highest case prevalence followed by winter season (37.5%) and rainy season (12.50%).Those prevalence of different diseases and disorders of goat will helpful for clinician to know the disease occurrence according to goat’s age, sex and seasonal variation in this area and will help them to take proper preventive measures against those diseases and disorders.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the presence and the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from the urine and stool samples. A total of 500 routine urine and feces samples were used for testing as the study materials, and a total of 349 Enterococcus spp. were collected for investigation. For the isolation, blood agar and bile esculin agar were used. DNA isolations of the 24-hour growth cultures of possible enterococci were carried out using a DNA isolation kit.Out of 350 routine urine and 150 stool samples taken with the approval of the patients, 235 (67.1%) and 114 (76%) Enterococcus spp. were isolated respectively. Using the multiplex PCR method with species specific primers, 136 (57.8%) of urine and 22 (19.2%) of stool originated enterococcal strains were identified as Enterococcus faecalis; on the other hand, 17 (7.2%) of urine and 61 (53.5%) of stool originated enterococci were identified as Enterococcus faecium.As a result of the study in Van, Turkey, the isolation rate of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains were found to be lower than other regions.

In this study, the effect of vitamin E plus selenium (Se) application on malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), vitamin E, C, A and -carotene were aimed to investigate in exercised horses. For this purpose, 50 healthy Anatolian type local horse breed aged between 3-5 from Altındere Study Farm were used. The animals were divided into two equal groups. While 1st group received nothing, horses in second group were received vitamin E+Se intramuscularly. Then animals in both groups were exercised for 1500 meters. Blood samples were taken handily from all animals before and after exercise. This samples were analyzed for MDA, GSH, vitamin E, C, A and β-caroten spectrophotometrically.MDA and GSH concentration in 1st group were found to increase significantly (p<0.001) after exercise. On the other hand, serum vitamin E, C, A and β-carotene levels did not changed significantly. In the second group, serum vitamin E levels increased significantly (p<0.001) after vitamin E+selenium application. Furthermore, MDA (p<0.05) and GSH (p<0.001) levels increased significantly after exercise in the second group. Vitamin E levels decreased significantly (p<0.01) after exercise. However, vitamin A and C levels did not change significantly. In addition, in the second group, β-carotene levels were also changed significantly (p<0.05) when the values obtained before vitamin E application compared with the values obtained after vitamin E application. When comparison made between groups, while MDA and vitamin E values were statistically important (p<0.05), GSH, vitamin C, A and β-carotene values were not important statisticallyAs a result, acute exercise can increase free-radical production which, the results shows that increase in both MDA and GSH can be shown as the indicator of it. Furthermore, decrease in MDA level in vitamin E applied group the indicator of the rise in antioxidant defense and protective effect of vitamin E.

This study was carried out to investigate the gastrointestinal helminthes of dogs in Udgir area. Materials and This study consisted of 218 dogs over period of 10 months. A total of 218 faecal samples collected over a period of 10 months from dogs in Udgir area were subjected to fecal sample examination by standard parasitological procedures.An overall prevalence to the tune of 31.65% was noted. The major helminthes parasites recovered were Ancylostoma caninum (66.67%), Ancylostoma braziliense (4.35%), Toxocara canis (26.08%) and Dipylidium caninum (2.89%).There were non-significant differences in age wise and sex wise distribution of helminthes infecting dogs of the area.

Malassezia spp. is a commensal yeast organism that is a normal resident of the skin, mucosa, and ear canals. A castrated male, 4-year-old Chinchilla cat, was brought with hair loss and skin lesions on ears, face and arms. Skin scrapings were collected from the lesions. Terbinafine HCl (30 mg/kg, PO), Omega 3 and Omega 6 essansial fatty acid supplement (Megaderm®, Virbac) were administered to the patient.