The present work is designed to study the anatomical features of the paranasal sinus in local goat(Capra hircus) to distinguish and describe the types of the paranasal sinuses. Five heads of local goat were collected are used in this study , Used of silicone casts and imaging in order to study the shape, position of sinuses . The study revealed that the paranasal sinuses are ventilated spaces connected to the nasal cavity. They develop as blind ending pouches between the lamina of the bones of the skull or are a series of cavities arranged one after another like pyramidal shapes consists of five sinuses. which cavities are frontal , maxillary, lacrimal, palatine, conchal sinuses with absence of sphenoid sinus . The frontal sinus lies above the eyes (above the orbits) and have two types larger lateral and smaller medial, Maxillary sinus is large and located under the cheeks, while the lacrimal sinus is very small located in the dorsal part of the lacrimal bone . The palatine sinus is located in the hard palate. There are three conchal sinuses located inside three conchae of nasal cavity. The dorsal, ventral ,middle conchal sinuses located inside dorsal ,ventral ,middle nasal concha respectively , the dorsal conchal sinus longer than ventral and middle conchal sinuses. The aim of study to identify the morphological features of the paranasal sinuses and relation between them and with other regions. in the Iraqi local goat because veterinary importance and its effect on public health. INTRODUCTION Goats are a popular large animal model because they can be easily obtained and bred. Over the past decades, they have been used to study immunoserology, microbiology, biological products, gene transfer and tissue-engineering repair of bony defects and for teaching and biomedical research and for surgical training.( 1, 2). The paranasal sinuses of goat are a series of cavities arranged one after another. These cavities are frontal , maxillary, lacrimal,palatine, conchal sinuses. The Frontal sinus, Consists of spaces within the bones between the cranial cavity and the nasal cavity divided into two parts, smaller medially and larger laterally ,while the Maxillary sinus, are the largest sinus is divided by the infraorbital canal into medial and lateral parts. The lateral partion is larger and extends caudally into the lacrimal bulla; while the medial portion located medial to the infraorbital canal , is continuous with the palatine sinus ;Lacrimal sinus are relatively small and lies near the frontolacrimal junction, The Palatine sinus Communicate with the maxillary sinus through a wide maxillopalatine opening and three conchal sinuses (dorsal, middle, ventral) formed by concha of nasal cavity ( 3,5). This sinuses are cavities lies in the interior at some bones of the skull .the walls of the sinuses are composed of compact bone and are lined by a muco- periosteum (muco-endosteum) which is continuous with the nasal cavity( 3,8). Anatomical features of the paranasal sinuses and relation between them and with other regions in the Iraqi local goat were aimed in this study.

The study was carried out to investigate the histomorphology of hemal lymph nodes of camel (Camelus dromedarius) . The results showed that the hemal lymph node was conical in shape with convex wide base and narrow apex. It was encapsulated by a thick fibrous connective tissue capsule from which long trabeculae emerge. The stroma of hemal lymph node consists of randomly distributed lymphatic nodules ,lymphatic cords and hemal sinuses. Presence of erythrocytes, leukocytes especially lymphocytes ,monocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and megakaryocytes were seen . Megakaryocytes or giant cells possess an irregularly lobulated nuclei with course chromatin and unapparent nucleoli.

Anaplasmamarginale (A. marginale) is an obligate intra-erythrocytic rickettsia;it is the cause of anaplasmosis, an important tick-borne disease of cattle. Recovered and vaccinated cattle in endemic areas are apparently normal but remain persistently infected and serve as reservoirs for the parasite.This study intended to detect A. marginale in infected and apparently healthy subclinically infected cattle in North Western Libya. During the period extended from March-2006 till September-2007, blood samples and blood smears were collected from totally 119 adult cow (group – I). These cows were raised at some governmental and private farms in Tripoli, Al-Zawiya and Imssallata districts. Blood smears were stained with May-Grunewald- Giemsa stain and examined under Light microscope to detect the presence of intraerythrocytic bacteria. Indirect- ELISA (IELISA) using a 19 KD A. marginale recombinant antigen was used to detect serologically positive reactors.During the study period, 20 cases of acute anaplasmosis were diagnosed in these farms (Group-II); where, three cows died and two aborted. The Seroprevalence for A. marginale by IELISAwas 64% and 100% in group I and II, respectively. Stained thin blood smears failed to detect infective RBCs in group I, however, variable degrees of parasitaemia were detected in group II. In conclusion, this study approved that serological test (IELISA) was more reliable than direct microscopic examination of stained blood smear in detection of chronic persistent anaplasma-infected cows in endemic areas.

The study was conducted on (96) local sheep breeds of different ages and both gender reared in Basrah, Iraq. Suspected animals show signs of night blindness, abortion of pregnant ewes, diarrhea with passing of normal small fecal materials ,nervous sings (such as paralysis of skeletal muscles, blindness due to constriction of the optic nerve canal, convulsions encephalopathy). Moreover diseased animals were also show panting and changing of skin .The levels of vitamin A and Beta carotene were estimated by ELISA test and results showed that local sheep suffer from hypo vitaminosis A with mean level of( 1.8 nmol/l). However according to regions of Basrah deficiency of vitamin A and carotenes respectively were indicated of center of Basra (1.7nmol/land 11.2 ng/ml). AlQurna (1.7 nmol/l and 15.9 ng/ml) .Azzubair (2.1 nmol/l and 26.3 ng/ml). Shateelarab (1.2nmol/l and 17.7 ng/ml).and Abulkhaseeb (2.0 nmol/l and 16.8ng/ml) It have been concluded that local sheep breeds of Basra province were suffer from hypovitaminosis A, therefore animals reared in those area should be screened periodically.

The aim of study was a histopathological evaluation of the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) such as diode laser on healing fracture of distal third of the radius in dogs, at the end of 1st,3rd and 6th week post operation .18 male adult street dogs were used to obtained transverse fracture at the distal third of the radius under highly aseptic technique, the anesthesia was done by using the combination of (15 mg/Kg.B.W ) ketamine hydrochloride,and (5 mg/Kg.B.W ) xylazine, the fractured limb fixed with (Gypson) as an external fixation devise, and window is obtained at the anterior surface of the radius at the fracture sites for direct irradiation of the laser. The experimental animals were divided into two equal groups each contain 9 dogs, the control group lift without any irradiation, while the treatment groups received daily single dose of laser (850 nm, for 5 minutes at 72 hours interval for 14th days). Histopathological finding at the end of the 1st week revealed early formation of irregular trabecular bone (immature woven bone), compare with the control group at the same period, then these trabecular bone became later more regular, dense and width at the end of the 3rd week in the treatment group, then quickly changed to lamellar bone in the end of the 6th wk P.O. in the treatment group compare with the control group. It concluded that The LLLT promote and accelerate fracture healing, in the distal third of the radius in dogs

The current study was aimed to investigate the development of testis during pre-hatching periods to diverse the components of the testis in duck embryo from embryonic day 5 to 19 consequently; fifteen males' of mallard ducks embryos have been used. The results showed that development of testis has divided into two periods: the first one was the period of undifferentiated gonad (genital ridge) while the second period was the development into a testis which showed various stages. The undifferentiated stage has revealed of development a small protruded thickening of germinal epithelium and primordial germ cells on the ventromedial surface of the mesonephros and dorsal mesentery.The development periods has showed three stages: development of rete cords, sexual cords,primary somniferous tubules and Sertoli progenitor cells at the 8-10th day embryos. During 14th day old embryo was revealed of development immature somniferous tubule, tunica albuginea and testicular capsule. While the period of 19th day embryo showed that development of interstitial cells and thin septa from tunica albuginea, .in addition to marked division of spermatogonia cells. Size of left testis was larger than the right one also the epithelial layer of left gonad is thicker than that covering the right gonad.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of locally produced fish biosilage as fish meal alternative on feeding, growth efficiency and gut histology in common carp C. Carpio fingerlings. Biosilage was prepared by fermenting marine by-catch fish with date fruit residues, domestic vinegar and citric acid. The produced biosilage was incorporated in feeds to replace 0, 25, 50 or 75% of fish meal protein. Fish were fed for 14 weeks and feeding and growth parameters were close in the four feed groups so as fish survival rate during the experiment (88.9-93.3%). Histological examination of intestine and liver sections has showed improvements when fish fed on the four different feeds. Initial fish group showed signs of nutritional deficiency through limited size of intestinal villi and hepatocytes. However, the histological structure of gut was improved after fish were fed on the experimental feeds without significant differences between fish meal or fish biosilage feeds. The study concluded that fish silage could replace fish meal without adverse effects on feeding, growth efficiency and gut histology.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietaryfructooligosaccharide (FOS) on some blood indices of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Thefingerlings were adopted for 2 weeks and then reared in triplicate groups in 9 tanks (four fishper tank with average initial weights of (40 ± 3 g). Fish fed experimental diets containingdifferent levels of fructooligosaccharide (FOS); (7.5 and 10 g FOS/kg diet) to apparentsatiation twice a day for 10 weeks. The results showed significantly differences in Red bloodcell count (1012 cells/dl) in T2. Hemoglobin (g/dl) data was 11.597 in the control. The meancorpuscular hemoglobin (pg/cell) was 63.333 in control, 56.033 in T21 and 52.100 in T2;mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (g/l) was 28.100 in the T1; mean corpuscularvolume were (fL) 215.950 in control. White blood cell (109 cells/dl) data was (112.350) forcontrol; granulocyte % was (15.050) in control; Lymphocyte % was (82.750) for control;Platelets % was (56.500) in T2 and monocyte % was (13.300) in T1.

The present study aimed to determine the macro minerals status ( calcium , phosphorusand magnesium ) in the local buffaloes breed that suffering from uterine prolapse comparedwith other buffaloes withoututerine prolapse. The study started from August 2015 toMay 2016 , and conducted on 100 local buffalo breed, 3-14 years old, reared in Basraprovince (Basra – Iraq ). Animals were divided into two groups, first group included (40 ) diseased animals with uterine prolapse and the second group included ( 60 ) animalswithout uterine prolapse served as control. Diseased buffaloes were diagnosed on thebases of clinical manifestation, since uterine prolapse were evaluated after 6-72 hourspost calving.The results showed that there wasa drastic decrease in serum macro mineralslevels in prolapsed animals, and calcium serum level was (6.31 ± 0.71mg/dl), phosphorus(3.69 ± 0.45mg/dl) and magnesium (2.85 ± 0.18mg/dl) compared with levels of controlanimals that showed (10.02 ± 1.52, 4.97 ± 0.39 , 5.17 ± 0.97) mg/dl of the calcium,phosphorus and magnesium successively. It was concluded that deficiency of calcium,phosphorus and magnesium serum level in the last period of pregnancy and at parturitionmight be possible causes of post calving uterine prolapse in these buffaloes