The changes in serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels, and BVD, IBR and PI-3 viral neutralizing antibody titers in colostrum-conferred Korean native calves during the first 12 weeks postpartum were studied. The mean concentration of total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, IgM and IgA in sera of 9 calves at birth were 3.8 +- 0.5g/dl, 0.27 +- 0.15mg/ml, 0.06 +- 0.08mg/ml, 0.21 +- 0.11mg/ml, and extremely low concentration, respectively. Serum total protein level reached a maximum at 20 hours after birth, total immunoglobulin, IgG and IgM levels at 24 hours, and IgA level at 28 hours, respectively. Serum IgA level reached a minimum at 4 weeks old, IgM level at 5 weeks, total immunoglobulin level at 8 weeks, and IgG level at 10 weeks, respectively. After then those levels had begun to increase, but total protein level was still decreasing at 12 weeks old. The half-lives of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 21.1 days, 4.0 days, and 2.6 days respectively. In 10 Korean native cows immediately after parturition, serum neutralizing antibody titers specific to BVD, IBR and PI-3 virus were 8.7 +- 1.5 log2, 5.7 +-1.2 log2, and 6.8 +- 1.0 log2, respectively. And colostral neutralizing antibody titers against BVD, IBR, and PI-3 virus were 10.1 +- 1.4 log2, 6.8 +- 1.3 log2, and 7.8 +- 1.7 log2, respectively. Before suckling the colostrum, SN antibody titers against BVD, IBR, and PI-3 virus were undetectable from all of 9 Korean native calves. Nevertheless SN antibody titer against BVD virus reached a maximum level (9.2 +- 0.6 log2) at 24 hours after birth, that against IBR virus (6.1 +- 1.0 log2) at 20 hours after birth, and that against PI-3 virus (6.8 +- 0.9 log2) at 32 hours after birth, respectively. In 12 weeks old calves, the SN antibodies against BVD and IBR virus were still decreasing, but that against PI-3 virus reached a minimum at 10 weeks, and increased after 12 weeks of age. The half-lives of SN antibodies against BVD, PI-3 and IBR, virus were 16.0 days, 22.6 days, and 25.5 days, respectively.

Fecal samples were taken from 402 cows in Posung, Chonnam which was designated as a place for Korean native cattle breeding. Prevalence of internal parasitisms were determined by the fecal examinations using the floatation and sedimentation procedures. 62.9 % of the cows were found as positive cases with excretion of the eggs of Fasciola hepatica in the fecal specimens. Of those infected with F. hepatica 97 cows free of other pathogenic intestinal parasites were chosen for albendazole treatment. Albendazole tablets (10mg/Kg) were administered to the cows twice at the interval of 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected via jugular vein prior to the first treatment, four weeks after the first treatment and four weeks after the second treatment, respectively. At the same time fecal samples were collected for parasitological examinations by sedimentation methods. The mean pretreatment count was 44 fluke eggs per gram of feces, which compared with 27 epg and 17 epg four weeks after the first and second treatment, respectively. Most of the hematological and biochemical values fluctuated within the normal ranges during the experiment. Eosinophil counts were high initially, decreased after the first treatment and thereafter remained steady. The opposite was the case with aspartate and alanine aminotransferases.

This paper deals with the genetic properties of R plasmids in Salmonella originated from pigs and cattle. The plasmid DNA was examined for incompatibility, stability and fertility inhibition (F1), and gel electrophoresis was performed for isolation of plasmid DNA. Among the 66 conjugative R plasmids from 44 pigs and 22 cattle, 61 R plasmids (92.4 %) were Fi-, whereas the remainder were Fi+. The Inc groups of 66 R plasmids were determined with 7 standard plasmids. Twenty-six R plasmids were classified into Inc group Ialpha, H1, H2 or F1, 40 R plasmids being not classified with standard plasmids used, and the Inc group Ialpha (57.7 %) was most frequent. 3. Inc groups Ialpha H1, and F1 were identified in strains from swine, Inc groups H2 and F1 from cattle. The plasmid DNA profiles in 16 Salmonella isolated from pigs and cattle were confirmed as being 1 to 10 fragments by the gel eletrophoresis. Their molecular weight ranged 1.0 to 90 megadalton. The molecular weight of conjugative plasmids ranged 1.0 to 80 megadalton in 4 Salmonella (P-4, P-5, P-7 and P-8) isolated from pigs.

In order to investigate the morphological characteristics of epididymal duct of the squirrel, the histological and histochemical studies were carried out. The epididymal duct can be divided into 9 segments by histological and histochemical features. Segments 1 to 5 were located in the head, segments 6 and 7 in the body, and segments 8 and 9 in the tail of the epididymis. The apical cells were numerous in the segment. Clear cells which has a compact, deeply staining nucleus and a characteristically clear cytoplasm were scattered in the epithelium throughout the duct. Interepithelial clear cells which had PAS-positive granules tended to increase in number caudally. Strong PAS-positive reaction was detected at the intralumen of the segments 3, 8 and 9. Acid phosphatase activity was relatively high in the basal cytoplasm of the segment 7, and then in the supranuclear region of the segments 8 and 9. Alkaline phosphatase activity was weakly positive or negative except the segments 3 and 4. ATPase activity was strong in the free surface of the epithelium in the head and the entire cytoplasm in the body and tail, and SDH activity was generally weak except for the body where it was more intense.

This study was performed to investigate the patterns of progesterone secretion after induction of estrus in premature, metestrous and anestrous bitches. A total of 22 bitches were used. 18 bitches were treated with hormone to induced estrus and 4 bitches were untreated and served as controls. Estrus was induced with PGF 2 alpha, estrone, estradiol-17 beta, PMSG and HCG (Treatment A), and with PMSG and HCG (Treatment B). Blood samples were collected via the cephalic vein at 2 to 5 days interval. Blood samples were centrifuged (1,200g, 10min.) within 30 minutes after collection and plasma was stored at -20deg C until analyzed for the progesterone concentrations. Plamsa progesterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results of estrous induction were determined by estrous signs, overain response, egg recovery and progesterone patterns. All bitches in treatment A showed estrous signs, however the ovarian response and egg recovery were not detectable and the levels of progesterone were nearly same as before. In the treatment B, premature and metestrous bitches showed only estrous signs, however 5 of 7 anestrous bitches (71.4 %) showed estrous signs, ovarian response and changes of progesterone levels. In conclusion, clinical estrous behavior can be induced during any phase of the estrous cycle, but ovulation should be induced only if induction occur approximately 4 months or more after the previous estrus.

In order to investigate the renal pathology of spontaneously occurring renal lesions, basic macroscopic inspection was conducted to 3,850 pigs randomly collected from local slaughter houses, and a total of 355 pigs (9.2 %) were detected with various gross pathological conditions. Renal morphologic patterns for gross lesions were classified histopathologically as 123 (34.5 %) congestion, 81 (22.8 %) acute interstitial nephritis, 52 (14.7 %) chronic interstitial nephritis, 49 (13.8 %) hemorrhage, 39 (11.0 %) renal cyst, 29 (8.2 %) chronic glomerulonephritis, 18 (5.1 %) acute glomeruonephritis, 14 (3.9 %) infarction, 11 (3.1 %) thrombosis, 5 (1.4 %) atrophy, 5 (1.4 %) pyelonephritis and 1 (0.3 %) lymphosarcoma.

This paper dealt wih the distribution of Shigella spp. on 5 piggeries in Taegu and Kyongbuk during the period from August to October 1987. Isolated Shigella were examined for serogrouping, antimicrobial drug resistance and detection of R plasmid. Genetic properties of R plasmid in Shigella were examined for fertility inhibition (F1) and gel electrophoresis was performed for the isolation of plasmid DNA. Of total 2,978 samples from 5 piggeries, 82 strains (2.8 %) of Shigella spp. were isolated from 82 samples. The isolated strains were identified as S. dysenteriae (60 strains), S. flexneri (20 strains) and S. sonnei (2 strains). Of the 82 strains examined 67 (95.1 %) were resistant to one or more antibiotics, such as ampicillin (Am), chloramphenicol (Cm), kanamycin (Km), nalidixic acid (Na), rifampicin (Rf), streptomycin (Sm), sulfademethoxine (Su), and tetracycline (Tc) and higher resistance to Su (90.2 %), Sm (63.4 %) and Tc (63.4 %). Of the 78 resistant Shigella strains 26 (33.3 %) harbored conjugative R plasmids and the transfer frequency of Sm (50.0 %), Cm (33.3 %) resistance was much higher than that of the other drug resistance. The most common resistant patterns were SmSuTc, Su and AmSmSuTc. Out of the 26 Shigella R plasmids examined for Fi, 14 (53.8 % were Fi + and the remainder were Fi-. The plasmid DNA profiles in Shigella spp. (9 strains) isolated from pigs were confirmed as being 2 to 9 fragments by the gel electrophoresis. Their molecular size ranged 2.17 to 87.62 kilobase (Kb). All strains of Shigella spp. consisted in 15.4 Kb plasmids.

Data from 34 yearling Hereford or Angus bulls were used to investigate relationships of testicular size, quantitative rates of sperm production, Sertoli cell numbers, numbers of germ cells supported per Sertoli cell, and the efficiency of spermatogenesis to daily sperm output and seminal quality. Two ejaculates were collected by electroejaculation from each bull on each of 2 days/week throughout the study. The percentage of progressively motile sperm and the percentage of morphologically normal sperm were determined from aliquots of fresh semen. Additional aliquots of semen were frozen in glass ampules or plastic straws and subsequently evaluated for postthaw motility and percentage of sperm with intact acrosomes. Sertoli cell numbers, the numbers of germcells per Sertoli cell, and the efficiency of spermatogenesis were unrelated to the quality of fresh or frozen semen (P greater than 0.05). In first ejaculates, the numbers of sperm and motile sperm were related (P less than 0.05) to testicular parenchymal weight (r = 0.38, and 0.50), daily sperm production (r = 0.45 and 0.53), and spermatids per gram of testicular parenchyma (r = 0.35 and 0.34). Testicular parenchymal weight and daily sperm production also were related to daily sperm output and to the average daily motile sperm output of these bulls (P less than 0.05), but could account for less than 25% of the variability in these end points among bulls.

The number and distribution of the retinal ganglion cells in the 2 years old Korean native cattle was determined from whole flat mounted preparation stained with methylene blue and thionin. The total number of retinal ganglion cells was estimated to be 3,085,200 in the bovine retina ranging from 2.214mm** (2) in total area. Visual streak was recognized at the area 2.5mm superior to the optic disc and ganglion cell density drops off rapidly to the direction superior to and inferior to the visual streak. Area centralis (6,800 cells/mm** (2)) was located at the area 10mm temporally from the point of 3mm superior to the optic disc. The number of alpha-type ganglion cells (above 15 micro) was 57,000 in the bovine retina and alpha-type ganglion cells constituted 18.5 % of the total cells. The relative frequency of alpha-type ganglion cells was higher in the peripheral regions than in the visual streak, especially higher in the superior-temporal quadrant than in other region of the bovine retina.

This study was undertaken to obtain basic data of the sternal development in Korean native cattle from the earliest sternal formation to the ossification using histological and histochemical methods. Thirty three sterna were collected from a series of embryos and fetuses ranging from 11 to 225mm (estimated age 37-120 days) in crown rump length. The bilateral sternal bars were observed in the 2nd group (CRL 21-30mm) of Korean cattle embryos. Those bars initiated to be fused in the 3rd group (CRL 31-40mm) and completed in the 7th group (CRL 71-80mm). The ossification centers were detected in the 8th group (CRL 81-90mm) also bilateral ossification centers were found in the same group. The typical epiphyseal plates, endochondral bone and calcium deposit were found in the 9th group (CRL 91-100mm). Osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and myeloid cells appeared in ossification centers in the 10th group (more than CRL 101mm). The alcianophility responded markedly in the 9th group that was decreased and showed slightly positive reaction in territorial matrix of the 10th group. Marked positive reaction to PAS was observed in bony trabeculae in the 10th group. The positive reaction to calcium deposit by trichrome stain was observed initially in the hypertrophied zone of epiphyseal plate in the 9th group and was conspicuous in the calcified zone of epiphyseal plate in the 10th group. The 1st positive reaction to the von Kossa stain was observed in the 9th group.