The port is a place for ships as sea transportation to dock. The port, as a place of entry and exit for goods or passengers from various regions, places, and environments, encourages the potential for disease transmission to a new environment. Pathogens present in the environment can directly contact the human body through air, touch, and transmission through food around areas with high mobilization. Therefore, this study aims to look at the results of hygiene observations and laboratory testing related to food, drinking water, and air samples at Galala Port, Ambon City. This study used descriptive research with a cross-sectional research design. From all parameter examination results, several examination results do not meet the standards such as food microbiology examination results (E. coli bacteria > 3.6MPN/gr), sanitation (walls and floors are not watertight), the presence of mosquito larvae (seven Aedes albopictus mosquito larvae), drinking water microbiology (total Coliforms 64 CFU.100 mL-1), and clean water microbiology (E. coli > 250 CFU. 100 mL-1 and total Coliforms 8 CFU.100 mL-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that the inspection of restaurants carried out at Galala port, Ambon City, is not appropriate and does not meet the standards according to the Minister of Health Decree number 942 of 2003.

The interaction between climate change and agricultural intensification contributes to biodiversity loss, while widespread degradation of land and water undermine food system productivity. Agroecological principles aim to guide food systems transformation but rarely refer to water or aquatic foods, which are critical elements of nutritious, sustainable and equitable food systems. Here we examine the principles and frameworks presented in agroecological literature and suggest rephrasing of six of the principles to incorporate water, aquatic foods and land- to seascapes. We recommend three cross-sectoral actions that leverage aquatic features in agroecosystems to facilitate more effective transition pathways towards sustainable food systems.

Climate change presents significant challenges to global food, land, and water systems, with agriculture both contributing to emissions and vulnerable to climate impacts. Integrated farming systems (IFS) and climate-smart agriculture (CSA) provide solutions by enhancing productivity, resilience, and sustainability. IFS optimizes resource use by integrating crops, livestock, aquaculture, and agroforestry, while CSA focuses on practices like precision agriculture, water-efficient techniques, and soil carbon sequestration to adapt to climate change. Organic and natural farming reduce reliance on synthetic inputs, promote soil health, and enhance biodiversity. Transforming agricultural systems requires supportive policies, research, capacity building, and global collaboration. By adopting these approaches, agriculture can adapt to climate change, mitigate its effects, and ensure food security, contributing to global sustainability goals and building a resilient future for food, land, and water systems.

International audience | BackgroundViral detection in food and water is a major challenge for food safety and public health. Foodborne viruses such as noroviruses and hepatitis viruses are responsible for significant outbreaks worldwide. Reliable and rapid detection methods are essential for monitoring contamination and preventing infections.Scope and approachThis systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of viral detection techniques, including genetic, immunoassay-based, optical, sequencing, and biosensor-based methods. The PRISMA 2020 statement was followed for article selection. The techniques were assessed based on trueness, precision, accuracy, and selectivity to compare their performance in food and water matrices.Key findings and conclusionGenetic methods, particularly RT-qPCR, remain the most reliable approach due to their sensitivity and standardized protocols. Biosensors show potential for rapid viral detection but require further validation for complex matrices. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides valuable insights but is costly and not widely adopted for routine analysis. Immunoassays offer an alternative but face limitations in food applications. Optical and emerging techniques such as molecularly imprinted polymers and aptamers present promising avenues for improving speed and selectivity. Overall, while RT-qPCR is the current gold standard, advances in biosensors and alternative techniques may enable faster, more selective, and cost-effective viral detection in the future. Further research is needed to optimize these technologies for real-world food safety applications.

Obtaining active extracts from beet root leaves and stems (BLS) is an alternative for the valorization of this agricultural waste. Subcritical water extraction (SWE) at 150 &deg:C and 170 &deg:C has been used to obtain these extracts, which were incorporated (6% wt.) into polymer matrices to produce antioxidant films of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and polylactic acid (PLA) for the preservation of sunflower oil. A high extraction yield (67&ndash:60% solubilized solids) was achieved, and the extracts contained high levels of total phenols (51&ndash:73 mg GAE&middot:g&minus:1 extract) and betalains and great radical scavenging capacity (EC50: 30&ndash:22 mg mg&minus:1 DPPH). The highest temperature promoted the extract&rsquo:s phenolic richness and antioxidant capacity. The TPS and PLA films containing extracts exhibited color and UV-light blocking effects. The extracts reduced the oxygen permeability (OP) and water vapor permeability of PLA films while promoting those of the TPS films. The capacity of the films to preserve sunflower oil from oxidation was mainly controlled by the OP values of the films, which were very high in TPS films with low OP values. However, in the PLA films (which were more permeable to oxygen), the antioxidant extracts provided significant protection against sunflower oil oxidation.

Abstract Water is a valuable resource for rice production, which is an integral component of food security in East Africa (EA). Rice farming is expanding in the region, with up to 90% produced on smallholder farms using traditional flooding and rain-fed methods, vulnerable to climate change and variability. Despite EA's enormous agricultural and crop potential, the region largely depends on rice imports (> 500,000 tons annually) from Asia due to rising gaps between production and consumption. Sustainable water management practices, including alternate wetting and drying (AWD), system of rice intensification (SRI), and drip irrigation are critical for paddy and upland rice production although practiced at micro-research levels with limited adoption of such technologies by smallholder farmers. Herein, we synthesize key information on smallholder irrigation agriculture development and implications for food security in changing climates in the four EA countries (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia), based on scientific literature and reports. Several studies indicate water scarcity is a major threat to rice production, while poverty and food insecurity are linked to low agricultural productivity. Although rice production has increased since 2000 because of the slight expansion of irrigation, yields are still low due to insufficient irrigation development, climate change, and variability and poor agronomic practices. Nonetheless, climate-smart water management technologies such as AWD, SRI, and drip irrigation are less used by paddy and upland rice smallholder farmers for several reasons including limited awareness, funding, and technical knowledge. Therefore, commitments of government sectors, NGOs, farmer-based organizations, and private sectors with clear policies are needed to enhance technology transfer, action research, farmer training, and innovation development. These actions are vital to promote knowledge generation and the adoption of technologies to improve water management for increased rice yields, livelihoods, and food security in changing climates.

Oil-in-water food emulsions such as mayonnaise and dressings are stabilized by proteins and low-molecular weight surfactants binding to the oil/water interface. One common source of emulsifying proteins is egg yolk containing the iron-binding protein phosvitin. Here, we applied super-resolution microscopy to quantify the distribution of phosvitin on the droplet interfaces of binary SDS/phosvitin model emulsions prepared by high-pressure homogenization (HPH). We targeted phosvitin either via fluorescently labeled, primary antibodies or with affimers, which are short polypeptides. Re-scan confocal microscopy (RCM) revealed a bimodal droplet size distribution in which small droplets were primarily covered by SDS and large droplets by phosvitin. This inter-droplet heterogeneity was in line with expected kinetics of emulsifier coverage of droplet interfaces during HPH. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) indicated that changing the concentration of phosvitin did not affect the intra-droplet distribution at the droplet interface. STORM further provided a direct visualization of the redistribution of phosvitin upon prolonged low shear treatment, resulting in diffusion-assisted exchange of SDS and phosvitin between droplet interfaces and the continuous aqueous phase. Our RCM- and STORM-based approaches allow a direct and quantitative view on the intricate balance between kinetic and thermodynamic forces governing inter- and intra-droplet interfacial distributions of proteins.

Climate change presents significant challenges to global food, land, and water systems, with agriculture both contributing to emissions and vulnerable to climate impacts. Integrated farming systems (IFS) and climate-smart agriculture (CSA) provide solutions by enhancing productivity, resilience, and sustainability. IFS optimizes resource use by integrating crops, livestock, aquaculture, and agroforestry, while CSA focuses on practices like precision agriculture, water-efficient techniques, and soil carbon sequestration to adapt to climate change. Organic and natural farming reduce reliance on synthetic inputs, promote soil health, and enhance biodiversity. Transforming agricultural systems requires supportive policies, research, capacity building, and global collaboration. By adopting these approaches, agriculture can adapt to climate change, mitigate its effects, and ensure food security, contributing to global sustainability goals and building a resilient future for food, land, and water systems.

Microplastics(MPs) are tiny plastic particles that have become a serious problem in our water bodies, harming both wildlife and potentially humans. Traditional ways of removing these plastics can be expensive, inefficient, or harmful to the environment. In this study, we explored a new, natural approach using a mix of edible oils like coconut and rapeseed, combined with beeswax and tiny magnetic particles. This mixture stays liquid just long enough to grab onto MPs before it hardens, making it easy to pull out using a magnet. We found that the time the oil stays liquid, called the dwell time, is key for trapping MPs effectively. The best results came from a mix with about 10% magnetic oil, which balanced catching plastics well and being easy to collect. Using too much oil caused the mixture to sink, which isn’t good for the environment. Compared to other methods like filters or chemical treatments, this magnetic oil approach is cheaper, biodegradable, and works well, especially in calm waters like lakes. In the future, we hope to improve this method by testing it in real water environments and using drones to spread and collect the magnetic oil more safely and efficiently.