Este proyecto busca llevar a cabo la creación de tres (3) canciones para nuestro dúo Manguito Chill, en donde convergen elementos presentes en los géneros del Neo Soul y del Nu Jazz con rasgos característicos de músicas tradicionales colombianas y venezolanas como el bullerengue, el currulao, la gaita zuliana, la fulía y algunos golpes de tambor de las fiestas de San Juan. | Maestro en Música | Pregrado | This project seeks to carry out the creation of three (3) songs for our duo Manguito Chill, where elements present in the Neo Soul and Nu Jazz genres converge with characteristic traits of traditional Colombian and Venezuelan music such as bullerengue, the currulao, the gaita zuliana, the fulía and some drum hits of the San Juan festivities.

Este proyecto busca llevar a cabo la producción de tres (3) canciones por parte del dúo Manguito Chill (Camilo Motta, Félix Suárez), en donde convergen elementos presentes en los géneros del Neo Soul y del Neo Jazz, con rasgos característicos de músicas tradicionales colombianas y venezolanas, como lo son el bullerengue, el currulao, la gaita zuliana, la fulía y algunos golpes de tambor de las fiestas de San Juan en las costas venezolanas. El producto final tendría el nombre de “Camino e’ Agua”, nombre otorgado tras el concepto adquirido por medio de la composición lírica de las tres canciones que componen el proyecto, en donde, inspiradas por la investigación, tenían como elemento simbólico el agua. Bajo este concepto, se busca recorrer a profundidad todas las etapas pertenecientes al ejercicio de creación musical dentro de un esquema de producción discográfica profesional, en donde caben espacios de composición y arreglos, grabación (cuyas técnicas de captura y selección de equipos dependen de la intención a transmitir), mezcla y masterización. Se entrega un esquema y un proceso aún en desarrollo, cuya muestra tangible son 3 prototipos (maquetas), 3 sesiones de grabación, y 3 mezclas de lo que será el producto final. Este producto se proyecta, en un futuro, como parte de la nueva escena de la música alternativa latinoamericana, cuyo público objetivo, incluye al mismo de los artistas que representaron mayor influencia para la banda. Esta influencia en cuanto a su posición en la industria musical latinoamericana actual, como lo son Rawayana, Diamante eléctrico, Vicente García, Rap Bang Club, Juan Pablo Vega, entre otros. La forma de cumplir esta meta en la cual nos proyectamos a futuro es replicando esquemas que nos resultaron funcionales durante el desarrollo de este proyecto, y aplicando métodos para mejorar aquellos aspectos en los que mostramos falencias durante el proceso del mismo. | Estudios Audiovisión | Maestro en Música | Pregrado | This project seeks to carry out the creation of three (3) songs for our duo Manguito Chill, where elements present in the genres of Neo Soul and Nu Jazz converge with characteristic features of traditional Colombian and Venezuelan music such as Bullerengue, Currulao , the Gaita zuliana, the Fulía and some drum hits from the San Juan festivities. The final product name would be “Camino e’ Agua”, given name after the concept acquired through the composition, songwriting/lyrics writing process, in which, inspired by the musical research itself, water becomes and displays as a constant symbol. It’s the intention of the project to explore the different processes and stages that make part of a professional music production. We deliver as a final result a work in process with three mixing sessions and finished arrangements.

Gotta es un dispositivo que posibilita a sus usuarios, en particular a personas de escasos recursos y Primeramente a residentes de Altos de Cazucá a que logren mejorar diferentes puntos de su calidad de vida, esto ofreciéndoles un acceso a agua potable y consumible, mediante un filtrado que garantice que el agua que se va a consumir está en buen estado, permitiéndoles recorrer distancias mucho menores a las que comúnmente se verían expuestos para acceder a este servicio, además de tener que cargar su equivalente en peso por un tiempo prolongado. En la actualidad existen 3,55 millones de personas en situación de pobreza en Colombia, población que no tiene acceso a servicios básicos (sobre todo agua y energía), por lo que recurren a medios muy empíricos que muchas veces carecen de limpieza e higiene para acceder a estos. Existe una falta de propuestas apropiadas pensadas para que este sector de la sociedad, pueda tener un acceso garantizado a los servicios básicos, y tenga las oportunidades para mejorar su calidad de vida. Según la OMS(organización Mundial de la salud), cuando el agua procede de fuentes de abastecimiento mejoradas y más accesibles, las personas gastan menos tiempo y esfuerzos en recogerla físicamente, lo que significa que pueden ser productivos en otras esferas de su vida diaria. Esto también puede redundar en una mayor seguridad personal, ya que reduce la necesidad de hacer viajes largos o peligrosos para recoger agua. La mejora de las fuentes de abastecimiento de agua también conlleva la reducción del gasto sanitario, ya que las personas tienen menos probabilidades de enfermar y de incurrir en gastos médicos y están en mejores condiciones de permanecer económicamente productivas. Con el diseño de este dispositivo se busca ofrecer a las personas de escasos recursos una alternativa para el acceso de agua segura para ingerir. Dirigido y apoyado mediante políticas gubernamentales y ONG que apoyan e impulsan el desarrollo de este tipo de proyectos, ayudando a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas que conforman las diferentes esferas de nuestra sociedad y de esta manera ayudar a evitar que se desarrollen nuevas patologías gracias al consumo de agua en mal estado. | Diseñador industrial | Pregrado | Gotta is a device that enables its users, particularly low-income people, to improve different aspects of their quality of life, by offering them access to drinking water, and consumables, through a filter that guarantees that the water that is will consume this in good condition, allowing them to travel much shorter distances than they would normally be exposed to access this service, in addition to having to carry their equivalent weight for a long time. Currently, there are 3.55 million people living in poverty in Colombia, a population that does not have access to basic services (especially water and energy), so they resort to very empirical means that often lack cleanliness and hygiene to access to these. There is a lack of appropriate proposals designed so that this sector of society can have guaranteed access to basic services, and have opportunities to improve their quality of life. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), when water comes from improved and more accessible sources of supply, people spend less time and effort physically collecting it, which means they can be productive in other spheres of their daily lives. This can also lead to greater personal safety by reducing the need to make long or dangerous trips to collect water. Improving water supply sources also leads to reduced health spending, as people are less likely to get sick and incur medical costs and are better able to remain economically productive. This device is designed to offer people with limited resources an alternative for access to safe water to drink. Directed and supported by government policies and NGOs that support and promote the development of this type of project, helping to improve the quality of life of the people who make up the different spheres of our society and thus help prevent the development of new pathologies, consequence of the consumption of bad water.

La implementación de los mercados de agua en Colombia se crea como estrategia para reducir el déficit de infraestructura y cobertura en la prestación del servicio de agua potable y saneamiento básico, pero se esconde a simple vista un gran negocio de jugosas ganancias para las grandes corporaciones en el futuro con las estrategias de comercialización, privatización y financierización del agua que pueden representar la limitación del derecho fundamental del acceso al agua potable en cantidad suficiente, calidad optima y de forma eficiente. El negocio puede llegar a la venta de derechos del líquido en su lugar de producción sin que medie la propiedad de la tierra. Mediante una búsqueda en bases de datos y en la red se realiza un análisis de contexto y se miran algunos factores que pueden influir en la profundización del negocio del agua en Colombia y la instauración de la fase de bursatilización o mercados de futuros de agua. Los gobiernos de Colombia desde siempre ha sido partidarios de las imposiciones en materia de recursos que le son “sugeridas” desde los organismos multilaterales y en esa medida su ordenamiento jurídico y ambiental se pliega a esos designios; hace tiempo el concepto de mercados de agua se aplica en el país y amplia la cobertura del negocio hídrico para los privados y grandes capitales. Queda la tarea de profundizar en los temas conexos del contexto de mercados de agua con metas más ambiciosas. | The implementation of water markets in Colombia was created as a strategy to reduce the infrastructure and coverage deficit in the provision of drinking water and basic sanitation services, but a great deal of juicy profits for large corporations is hidden in plain sight. large corporations in the future with the strategies of commercialization, privatization and financialization of water that may represent the limitation of the fundamental right of access to drinking water in sufficient quantity, optimal quality and continuously; the business can reach the sale of rights to the liquid in its place of production without ownership of the land. Through a search in databases and in the network, a context analysis is carried out and some factors that can influence the deepening of the water business in Colombia and the establishment of the securitization phase or water futures markets are looked at. The governments of Colombia have always been in favor of impositions on resources that are "suggested" from multilateral organizations and to that extent the legal and environmental system bends to those designs, The concept of water markets has been applied in the country for a long time and broadens the coverage of the water business for private companies and large capitals. The task remains to delve into related issues in the context of water markets with more ambitious goals. | Especialización

This research was carried out aiming to evaluate tilapia production in irrigation water reservoir, improving the productivity in small scale family farms. Tilapia juveniles (3.600) with 8.10 g of initial weight were put in a water reservoir with useful volume of 1,170 m3 and bred for seven and half months. Fish were fed with commercial feed specific for each level. The feed was given 3 times a day, in the amount of 5% of its total biomass. In order to adjust feed amount, fish were weighed every 20 days. At the same time, local water analyses were made and water samples were collected for laboratory analyses. At the end of the trial growth parameters were measured. Average final weight was of 535 g and total final biomass was of 18.489 kg ha-1. Water quality parameters were within optimal values for fish culture. Fish production in the water reservoirs for irrigation is viable for the small scale farmer as a way to increase water, area and family productivity. | Este trabalho foi realizado com o intuito de avaliar o potencial de cultivo de tilápia em reservatório de água para irrigação, aumentando a produtividade em pequenas propriedades familiares. Foram utilizados 3.600 alevinos de tilápia tailandesa, com peso inicial de 8,10 g. Os alevinos foram colocados em um reservatório de água para irrigação, com volume útil de 1.170 m3. O período de cultivo foi de 26/12/2007 a 01/08/2008. Os alevinos foram alimentados com ração comercial extrusada com porcentagem de proteína recomendada para cada fase de crescimento. O arraçoamento restrito foi de três vezes ao dia, com a proporção de 5% da biomassa total. Para o ajuste do fornecimento de ração, foram realizadas biometrias a cada 20 dias. Em cada biometria foram realizadas análises locais dos parâmetros de qualidade da água e amostras da água foram coletadas para análise posterior em laboratório. Ao final do experimento foi realizada a avaliação do desempenho zootécnico dos animais. O peso final médio foi de 535 g e a biomassa final de 18.489 kg ha-1. Os parâmetros de qualidade da água estavam dentro da faixa ótima para cultivo. A produção de peixes em reservatórios de água para a irrigação é viável.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of irrigation on ethanol productivity, water yield and economic productivity of water for ethanol production from corn and grain sorghum crops. The experimental design used a two-factor arrangement, in strips with randomized blocks and four replications. ​Being evaluated in factor “A”, three irrigation depths: 0%, 50% and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration, and in factor “D”, corn and grain sorghum cultivars. Irrigation management was determined using the water balance method and calculating evapotranspiration using the Penman-Monteith method. For the determination of the productivity of the cultures, the plants of a useful area of 5 m² were collected. The ethanol yield of each treatment was obtained by the product of grain yield and average ethanol yield. Water productivity and water economic productivity were determined. The highest ethanol yields were obtained with 100% irrigation for corn. Water productivity and water economic productivity showed the best results for the 50% water replacement depth. | RENDIMENTO DE ETANOL, PRODUTIVIDADE DA ÁGUA E PRODUTIVIDADE ECONÔMICA DA ÁGUA PARA MILHO E SORGO     MIGUEL CHAIBEN NETO1; ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA 2; MARCIA XAVIER PEITER 3; JHOSEFE BRUNING4; YESICA RAMIREZ FLORES5 E SILVANA ANTUNES RODRIGUES6   1 Eng. Agrícola, doutor em Eng. Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Rural (DER), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: miguelchaiben@gmail.com, 2 Eng. Agrônoma, doutor, Professora do Departamento de Engenharia Rural (DER), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail diasrobaina@gmail.com, 3 Eng. Agrônomo, doutora, Professor do Departamento de Engenharia Rural (DER), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail marcia.peiter@ufsm.br, 4 Eng. Agrícola, doutor em Eng. Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Rural (DER), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail:  jhosefe.b@gmail.com, 5 Tecnóloga em Geoprocessamento, Mestra em Eng. Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Rural (DER), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: yeyiramiflo@gmail.com, 6 Eng. Agrícola, Doutora em Eng. Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Rural (DER), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. E-mail: rodrigues.silvana.a@gmail.com     1 RESUMO   O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação na produtividade de etanol (PE), produtividade da água (PA) e produtividade econômica da água (PEA) para produção de etanol a partir das culturas de milho e sorgo granífero. O estudo foi realizado em duas safras na área experimental do Colégio Politécnico da UFSM. O delineamento experimental foi um arranjo bifatorial em faixas com blocos ao acaso e quatro repetições. Sendo avaliadas no fator “A”, três lâminas de irrigação por aspersão: 0%, 50% e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), e no fator “D”, cultivares de milho e sorgo granífero. Para a determinação da produtividade das culturas, foram coletadas as plantas de cinco metros lineares. A PE de cada tratamento foi obtida pelo produto da produtividade de grãos pelo rendimento médio de etanol. O milho apresentou  incremento de 60,23% e 27,37% na PE quando comparado ao sorgo nas duas safras. O uso da irrigação apresentou diferença significativa, a lâmina de 100% resultou em um incremento de 48,25% e 10,08% para a PE quando comparada com a testemunha e a lâmina de 50% da ETo, respectivamente. A PA e a PEA apresentaram os melhores resultados na lâmina de 50% de reposição hídrica.   Palavras-chave: irrigação, eficiência do uso da água, biocombustível.   CHAIBEN NETO, M.; ROBAINA, A. D.; PEITER, M. X.; BRUNING, J.; FLORES, Y. R. E RODRIGUES, S. A. ETHANOL YIELD, WATER PRODUCTIVITY, AND ECONOMIC WATER PRODUCTIVITY FOR CORN AND SORGHUM         2 ABSTRACT   The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of irrigation on ethanol yield (EY), water productivity (WP) and economic water for ethanol production from corn and grain sorghum crops. The study was carried out in two growing seasons in the experimental area of ​​Colégio Politécnico da UFSM. The experimental design was a two-factor arrangement in strips with randomized blocks and four replications. In the “A” factor, three sprinkler irrigation levels were evaluated: 0%, 50%, and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), and in the “D” factor, maize and grain sorghum cultivars. For the determination of the crop’s productivity, the plants of five linear meters were collected. The EY of each treatment was obtained by the product of grain yield by average ethanol yield. Corn presented an increase of 60.23% and 27.37% in EY when compared to sorghum in both growing seasons. The use of irrigation showed a significant difference, the water depth of 100% resulted in an increase of 48.25% and 10.08% for EY when compared to the control and the water depth of 50% of the ETo, respectively. The WP and EWP presented the best results in the 50% water replacement depth.   Keywords: irrigation, water use efficiency, biofuel

DMulching contributes to the maintenance of soil moisture at reasonable levels for crop growth. It influences the crop water demand and irrigation time. The aim of this study was to estimate evapotranspiration and root water uptake by the ?BRS Princesa? banana cultivar through a simple approach using some components of soil water balance within the root zone in bare and mulched soil irrigated by drip and micro sprinkler systems. The experimental design was completely randomized in split plots with six replicates. The plots consisted of two irrigation systems (drip and micro sprinkler), the subplots consisted of two soil surface conditions: with and without mulch. The alternative approach for soil water percolation in the soil water balance allowed obtaining ETc under field condition with reasonable accuracy. ETc estimated from the root zone water balance is lower than ETc from FAO Penman-Monteith equation. Root water extraction in the mulched soil under drip irrigation is higher than that under micro sprinkler irrigation.

Pequenos reservatórios desempenham um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento agrícola na região do Cerrado brasileiro, contribuindo para melhorar a distribuição temporal da água, e aumentando a disponibilidade hídrica nos meses secos, reduzindo a vulnerabilidade das comunidades rurais à seca. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de simulação dinâmica, baseado no método da dinâmica do sistema (SD), para avaliar, ao longo do tempo a dinâmica de água em uma pequena barragem e o risco de não atendimento da demanda hídrica prevista. Os dados diários de vazão afluente ao reservatório foram obtidos da base de dados da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Cerrados) para o período de outubro de 2009 a setembro de 2011 e estendido, por meio de modelagem, a junho de 2015. O modelo desenvolvido foi calibrado e validado com dados históricos. As principais variáveis que influenciam na variação no volume de água do reservatório foram avaliadas por meio de análise de sensibilidade. Os resultados indicaram que a vazão afluente é variável que mais influenciou na variação do volume de água no reservatório, seguida da área do espelho d’água e das perdas por evaporação e infiltração, que, juntas, representaram uma retirada de água da barragem equivalente a 14,4% da vazão afluente. De acordo com os resultados da análise de risco de não atendimento da demanda hídrica prevista, em 85,9% do tempo o nível da água no reservatório esteve acima do nível crítico, e 81,6% da água estava disponível para atender a demanda hídrica. A pequena barragem oferece um risco de não atender a demanda hídrica da comunidade em pelo menos 18% do tempo. Palavras-chave: Sistema Dinâmico. Pequenas barragens. Recursos hídricos. Análise sensitiva. Pequenos irrigantes. Hidrologia. Simulação. | Small reservoirs play a key role in agricultural development in the Brazilian Cerrado region, contributing to improve the temporal distribution of water, and increasing water availability in the dry months, reducing the vulnerability of rural communities to drought. The main objective of this study was to develop a dynamic simulation model, based on the system dynamics (SD) method, to evaluate, over time, the water dynamics in a small dam and the risk of not meeting the predicted water demand. Daily data on inflow into the reservoir were obtained from the database of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Cerrados) for the period from October 2009 to September 2011 and extended, through modeling, to June 2015. The model developed has been calibrated and validated with historical data. The main variables that influence the variation in the volume of water in the reservoir were evaluated through sensitivity analysis. The results indicated that the inflow is the variable that most influenced the variation of the volume of water in the reservoir, followed by the area of the water mirror and the losses by evaporation and infiltration, which together represented a withdrawal of water from the dam equivalent to 14.4% of the influent flow. According to the results of the risk analysis of not meeting the predicted water demand, in 85.9% of the time the water level in the reservoir was above the critical level, and 81.6% of the water was available to meet the water demand. The small dam poses a risk of not meeting the community's water demand at least 18% of the time. Keywords: Dynamic System. Small dams. Water resources. Sensitive analysis. Small irrigants. Hydrology. Simulation. | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Temperature affects the physical, chemical and biological processes involved in the transport of drinking water, conditioning its water quality. Different works have revealed the role of this variable in specific phenomena. At the same time, research has been carried out to characterize temperature behaviour in water supply systems and assess its modelling possibilities. All of them are independent contributions, but there is not a global and joint vision about the role of temperature in the behaviour of a water network, even though this variable is one of those that will be most affected by climate change. The aim of this work is to revise the importance of water temperature in the different processes that occur during water distribution and to compile what is known so far about temperature modelling in water supply systems. This literature review highlights the importance of thermal conditions in the different dynamics within a distribution network, detecting a need to improve knowledge about its behaviour. This is important not only to better understand water quality at present, but also to evaluate the potential complications that may arise in future climate change scenarios. | La temperatura afecta a los procesos físicos, químicos y biológicos involucrados en el transporte del agua potable, por lo que condiciona la calidad del agua suministrada. Diferentes trabajos han puesto de manifiesto el papel de esta variable de modo específico en cada proceso o fenómeno. A su vez, se han desarrollado investigaciones sobre el comportamiento de la temperatura en las redes de agua y las posibilidades para su modelización. Todas ellas son contribuciones independientes, pero no se cuenta con una visión global y conjunta del papel de la temperatura en el comportamiento de una red de distribución, aun cuando esta variable es una de las que más se verá afectada por el cambio climático. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la importancia de la temperatura en los diferentes procesos a los que se ve sometida el agua a lo largo de la red de distribución y recopilar lo que se conoce hasta el momento sobre modelización de temperatura en redes de abastecimiento. Esta revisión de la literatura resalta la importancia de las condiciones térmicas en las diferentes dinámicas dentro de una red de distribución, detectando la necesidad de mejorar el conocimiento sobre su comportamiento, no solo para caracterizar la calidad del agua suministrada en la actualidad, sino también para evaluar las posibles complicaciones que pueden surgir en futuros escenarios de cambio climático.