Krimpsiekte, a chronic form of cardiac glycoside poisoning, is an important plant-induced intoxication of small stock in South Africa. It is caused by cumulative, neurotoxic bufadienolides, such as cotyledoside. A cotyledoside-bovine serum albumin conjugate was synthesized to immunize animals. The efficacy of the cotyledoside-conjugate in inducing an immunological response was ascertained in rabbits (n = 4) and sheep (n = 4) by determining cotyledoside antibody titres with an ELISA using cotyledoside-hen ovalbumin as antigen. The formation of anticotyledoside antibodies was induced in both rabbits and sheep following immunization with the cotyledoside-protein conjugate. Protection provided by the vaccine was demonstrated by challenging sheep (n = 4) with repeated, daily doses of cotyledoside (0.015 mg / kg) administered intravenously, commencing 45 days after the initial vaccination. One control animal died on Day 3 of the challenge period and the other was severely affected after administration of the third cotyledoside dose. The immunized ewes (n = 2) remained clinically unaffected and the challenge was suspended following six daily injections. Vaccination as a means of preventing krimpsiekte seems to be quite feasible and deserves further investigation.

The importance of milk for the growth and health of a newborn offspring is well known. Milk contains immunoglobulin G (Ig G), Ig A, lactoperoxidase, lactoferin, cytokines, and growth factors. Osteopontin, one of the multifunctional proteins, is secreted by macrophages, T cell, and epithelial cells. Although osteopontin production in bovine milk have been documented, the precise expression levels in bovine milk have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to observe the expression of osteopontin, in bovine milk during the lactation period or bovine mammary glands.

Streptococcus spp. comprising Streptococcus (S.) uberis and S. dysgalactiae strains is major cause of bovine mastitis from particularly well-managed or low somatic cell count herds that have successfully controlled contagious pathogens. In this study, antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of S. uberis isolated from clinical or subclinical mastitis milk at 2003 were investigated. Eighty seven isolates of Streptococcus spp. were identified by the conventional biochemical methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion method was determined for 46 S. uberis, 11 S. bovis, 10 S. oralis, 6 S. uberis and 14 other Streptococcus spp., Overall, the tested strains were susceptible to tetracycline (11.5%), amikacin (14.9%), streptomycin (16.1%), neomycin (26.4%), kanamycin (35.6%), gentamicin (65.2%), oxacillin (70.1%), ampicillin (75.9%), chloramphenicol (78.2%), and cephalothin (97.7%).

A case of multicentric high grade T cell lymphoma is reported in a 5-year-old male Maltese dog with generalized lymphadenopathy. The dog showed depression, anorexia, blindness, jaundice, arrhythmia, and hematuria for 8 months. Complete blood count and chemistry profile revealed anemia and increased alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and total cholesterol. Grossly, most of lymph nodes, spleen, and liver were enlarged and neoplastic masses were occupied in these tissues. Histologically, massive accumulation of small noncleaved neoplastic lymphocytes with high mitotic figures was observed in all lymph nodes and spleen.

The aim of this study was to compare the reaction of the cardiovascular system, and the anesthetic effect among 3 experimental groups, epidural administration of medetomidine as a single agent, the combination of buprenorphine and medetomidine, and the combination of fentanyl and medetomidine. Twenty one dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and allowed to breathe spontaneously. Epidural, arterial, and venous catheters were inserted. The tip of epidural catheter was positioned at the level of the space between the sixth and seventh lumbar vertebra.

A 3-month-old male Maltese dog was presented with generalized trembling, ataxia, and seizure. The patient had traumatic injury on history takings. Physical examination revealed dome shaped cranium with open fontanelle, nasal hemorrhage, and blepharoedema with hemorrhage on the left side. On serum biochemical profiles, creatine phosphokinase was severely elevated. There was no remarkable finding on radiography. Ultrasound images of brain were obtained via a persistence bregmatic fontanelle, and bilaterally dilated lateral ventricles with a hyperechoic mass on the left temporal lobe were detected.

In 3 dogs with gallbladder mucocele, rupture of gallbladder was diagnosed and treated. Although the diagnosis of gallbladder is challenging due to non-specific clinical signs and physical examination findings, mucoceles are ultrasonographically characterized by the appearance of the stellate of finely striated bile patterns and differ from biliary sludge by the absence of gravity dependent bile movement. In this case, gallbladder rupture caused by mucocele can be diagnosed based on not only above characteristics but secondary lesion such as ascites around gallbladder and swollen hyperechoic mesentery.

Measurement uncertainty could play an important role in the assessment of test results in laboratories and industries. We investigated measurement uncertainties possibly included in determination of flubendazole, a benzimidazole anthelmintic, in pork by HPLC. The concentration of flubendazole was 62.69 ng/g in a sample of pork. Uncertainty was estimated in the analytical procedure of flubendazole. A model equation was made for determination of flubendazole in pork. The four uncertainty components such as weight of sample, volume of sample, calibration curve, and recovery were selected to estimate measurement uncertainties.

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is very important disease in cattle industry with a worldwide distribution. Detection and elimination of persistently infected calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was valuable strategy for BVD eradication because those calves were main source for transmission. We surveyed persistent infection with BVDV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using whole blood and skin. Five hundred thirty nine Korean native calves were tested. Four calves (0.7%) were positive for BVDV antigen for both tests.

This study was carried out to investigate the pathogenesis and pathogenicity of the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Korean isolate from weaned pigs. Twenty four weaned pigs, PCV2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) antibodies free, were allocated to 4 groups (n=6). Six pigs were inoculated intranasally with PCV2 alone, 6 with PCV2 and PRRSV, 6 with the combined PCV2/PRRSV/PPV inoculum, and 6 were remained as a uninoculated negative control. Pigs were killed 3 and 6 weeks after inoculation and tissue samples examined for gross and microscopic lesions and for the presence of PCV2 antigens and nucleic acids.