This study investigated the effects of intragastric administration of apelin-13 on the secretion of critical pancreatic hormones in a cohort of three-week-old Wistar rats. The research aimed to uncover apelin’s modulatory roles in endocrine interactions dictating metabolic homeostasis during early life.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cumin on diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan in rats. Male Wister rats were used, and randomly divided into five groups (6-8 rats for each group): The first group: was administered distilled water and served as normal control, the second group: induced diabetes by single subcutaneous injection of alloxan 100 mg/kg.body weight and served as diabetic control, the 3,4,5 groups was administered 50,100,200 gm/kg of rat's forage respectively for four weeks, then diabetes are induced in this groups by same route as above. Cumin treatment in all doses lead to significant decrease glucose levels, and triglyceride and significant decrease in cholesterol level in dose 100, 200 gm/kg of forage and no change occur in total protein level. These results indicate that cumin have a role in delaying of diabetes through the effects of cumin in decrease some biochemical parameters.

One hundred (urine & blood ) samples were collected from Al-Fayhaahospital patients with UTI from July 2006 to July 2007. Eighty one patients weresuffered from diabetic, the levels of blood sugar were ( 100 - 350 mg / dl. ) for fastingpatients and( 200- 500 mg / dL. ) for random test . Nineteen patients were notdiabetic. General Urine Examination ( GUE ) and urine culture were done forsamples, eighty-three samples were positive to bacterial culture. The bacteria wereidentified by biochemical tests ( catalase, oxidase, IMVIC tests, H2S production,urease, coagulase und growth in 6.5 % NaCl) after Gram stain and motility test. Theresults showed that (37) isolates were E. coli, (20) Staphylococcus aureus, (16 ) forKlebsiella pneumonia, (7)for Proteus Sp., (5) Staphylococcus epidermidis,(5)Pseudomonas aureoginosa and Enterococcus faecalis (3). GUE showed that 94patients have pus cells , crystal, uric acid and amorphous crystal that provide UTI. Inconclusion the study showed that the patients with a history of chronic diabetes (2-25)years developed UTI.INTRODUCTION

The objective of the current study was evaluating the status of blood serum biochemical parameters in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus induced after experimental total pancreatectomy in local crossbreeding dogs. The biochemical assay was taken before the surgical operation and on the last two days of the insulin treatment period and after termination of insulin therapy till death of animals due to ketoacidosis after detecting severe ketonuria on urinalysis by urine stripe test when insulin withdrawn. Results of estimating the various biochemical parameters revealed a significant increase in the blood serum level of liver enzymes [Alanine amino transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and Aspartate amino transaminase], total cholesterol and potassium ions, while a significant decrease in chloride ions took place in both insulin treatment and withdrawal periods. On the other hand, significant increases in blood serum levels of triglyceride, total bilirubin, sodium ions, and blood urea nitrogen with significant decrease in total calcium was occurred in the insulin withdrawal period only. In conclusion, the first mentioned biochemical parameters might be involved in the pathogenesis of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus while the later mentioned parameters which exhibited significant changes only after cessation of insulin therapy might be involved in the pathogenesis of surgically induced diabetic ketoacidosis in dogs.

Defects in insulin secretion by the pancreas and due to the cells may not respond properlyto insulin, hyperglycemia or diabetes will be occurred and cause to the failure in the eyes, heart,kidneys and liver function. Nowadays, researchers looking for natural adjunct treatments tocontrol diabetes. Camel milk is having anti-diabetic activity possibly because of insulin likeprotein (about 52 units/liter), that covered by fat micelles and can be an effective alternative forinsulin to treat type 1 and 2 and gestational diabetes. It is proved that camel milk is safe andeffective in improving long-term glycemic in the human patients and animal’s models. In onestudy, daily consumption of 500 mL raw camel milk for 16 week in type 1 diabetic patients(average age 20 years) decreased daily insulin dose and blood sugar. Also raw camel milk intype 1 diabetic cases for 52 week and 3 months caused to significant reduction in HbA1c, meanblood glucose and 30% reduction in required insulin dose. Type 2 diabetics cases consumed 500mL pasteurized camel milk for two months, that mean insulin concentration was significantlyincreased by the camel milk, but fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulinresistance did not influence. Therefore, according to the studies, raw camel milk in type 1diabetes patients caused to increase insulin secretion, reduce required insulin and insulinresistance. Camel milk has immune-modulatory effects on the pancreas β-cells. Camel milkinfluences insulin secretion via the proper activity of the pancreatic cells and insulin receptors.Also this special milk improves diabetes complications such as dysfunction in the kidney andliver function and diabetic wounds. In general, although according to the clinical trials, the rawcamel milk by 500 mL/day improved risk factors in diabetic patients. But it appears that morescientific studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of processing’s methods of camel milkon diabetes cases.

This study was designed to explore the effect of nitrate ion on induction of diabetesexperimentally in laboratory mice.Fifteen white mice, 7-8 week olds were randomly dividedinto three equal groups. First group was administrated orally o.3 ml of nitrateion(concentration was 0.25gm/10ml D.W) daily for one month. Second group was administratedorally o.3 ml of potassium nitrate (concentration was 0. 5gm/10ml D.W) daily foronemonth. Third group was administrated orally with 0.3 ml of distilled water (D.W) daily forone month.After 30 post administrationthe concentration of blood glucose of infectedanimals treated with nitrate ion increase in both first and second groups when compared withcontrol group.The histopathological change study showed pathological lesions in pancreasof first grouptreated with nitrate ion showed the exocrine region and islets of Langerhans with damageddue to necrosis, while the second group wasinfected with nitrate ion showed the exocrineregion and islets of Langerhans with necrosis and congestion of blood vessel

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cumin on diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan in rats. Male Wister rats were used, and randomly divided into five groups (6-8 rats for each group): The first group: was administered distilled water and served as normal control, the second group: induced diabetes by single subcutaneous injection of alloxan 100 mg/kg.body weight and served as diabetic control, the 3,4,5 groups was administered 50,100,200 gm/kg of rat's forage respectively for four weeks, then diabetes are induced in this groups by same route as above. Cumin treatment in all doses lead to significant decrease glucose levels, and triglyceride and significant decrease in cholesterol level in dose 100, 200 gm/kg of forage and no change occur in total protein level. These results indicate that cumin have a role in delaying of diabetes through the effects of cumin in decrease some biochemical parameters

A frankincense functional beverage's impact on diabetic rats' ability to maintain healthy blood sugar levels is the focus of this research. Some have speculated that functional beverages may have medicinal properties. In this study, we induced diabetes in rats with alloxan. We categorized the rats into four groups. We administered a raw frankincense beverage orally to one group, and a synbiotic functional frankincense beverage containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) and FOS prebiotics to the other. The remaining two groups served as the negative and positive control groups for 45 days. Treatment group participants showed significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels and demonstrated an improvement in gut microbiota after 45 days. compared to control group participants, according to the results. These results provide more evidence that the frankincense functional beverage might be a useful adjunct to traditional diabetes treatment strategies, particularly in the area of glycemic control and the prevention of diabetes-related complications. We need to validate these findings and explore the underlying processes through additional clinical trial-based studies.

Objectives: Aqueous extracts of Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina leaves were inves¬tigated for their hepatoprotective potential in diabetic rats. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty male albino rats were randomly assigned to eight equal groups (n = 15). The first group (control) comprised normal healthy rats, while the second to fifth groups were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) [60 mg/ kg body weight (BW)] for induction of diabetes. Group 2 was kept as positive diabetic control, while groups 35 were orally treated with aqueous extracts of R. mucronata (400 mg/kg BW), A. marina (400 mg/kg BW) and with a combination of ½ a dose of the two plants, respectively, for six weeks. Groups 68 were non-diabetic rats that orally received aqueous extracts of R. mucronata (400 mg/kg BW), A. marina (400 mg/kg BW), and a combination of ½ a dose of the two plants, respectively, for 6 weeks. Results: STZ-induced diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in serum glucose and liver enzymes, increased serum insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment of β-cells (HOMA-β), and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Histopathological and immuno¬histochemical examinations of the liver revealed improved pathologic criteria in the plant extract treated diabetic rats compared with the remarkable changes which had been seen in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: This study suggests that the aqueous extract of R. mucronata or its combination with A. marina showed potent hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects for liver dysfunction, as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in the liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7(1.000): 177-185]

Objective: Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) fiber has been documented to exert an immunomodu¬latory effect both in vitro and in vivo. However, its beneficial effect against metabolic syndrome remains unknown. This study aimed to reveal whether the jicama fiber (JF) could prevent the development of diabetes and obesity caused by a high-sugar diet (HSD). Materials and Methods: The JF was isolated from its tuberous part and subsequently used as a supplemental diet for adult male Bagg and Albino (BALB)/c mice fed with a HSD. Four different diet paradigms including normal diet, HSD (30% sucrose), and HSD in combination with 10% and 25% of JF, respectively, were deployed continuously for 8 weeks. Furthermore, the blood glucose level, glucose tolerance, body weight, food and water consumption as well as epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass were determined. Results: Our results revealed that supplementation of 25% JF could significantly prevent the blood glucose increase, excessive body weight gain, and glucose intolerance in mice fed with HSD. Moreover, 10% and 25% JF blunted the HSD-induced WAT mass gain but failed to counteract the depletion of BAT mass. Furthermore, the fiber supplementation elicited a minimum effect on rhythm and total food and water intake. Conclusion: The JF could effectively sustain blood glucose homeostasis as well as improve body weight and WAT mass profile against the development of diabetes and obesity caused by HSD. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6(2.000): 222-230]