BACKGROUND: Vitamin C and Carum copticum with antioxidant activity may eliminate the negative effects of heat stress on broiler performance and immunity.OBJECTIVES: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding heat-stressed broilers with Carum copticum seed powder (CSP) and vitamin C (VC) on their growth performance, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, and meat quality.METHODS: Herein, we carried out A 2*3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with six treatments, including three levels of CSP (0, 0.75 and 1.5 % of diet), two levels of VC (0 and 250 mg/kg of DM of diet), and four replicates, on 240 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers. The collected data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS. Treatment means were compared employing the Tukey test.RESULTS: The effect of CSP on their performance was not significant whereas VC treatment improved weight gain significantly (P<0.01). Interaction of CSP and VC on weight gain and feed conversion ratio was significant as broilers fed with 250 mg VC and those fed with 1.5 % CSP had the best WG and FCR (P<0.01). The addition of VC decreased the concentration of alkaline phosphatase in the blood (P<0.05). The heterophil to lymphocyte ratio was reduced through the use of VC and 1.5 % CSP (P<0.05). CSP supplementation at the rate of 1.5 % increased the relative weight of bursa of fabricius (P<0.05). Dripping loss percentage was reduced in birds fed with 1.5 % CP and VC (P<0.01). The effect of CSP and their interaction on water holding capacity was significant and the highest amount belonged to the birds fed with 1.5 % CSP (P<0.01). Additionally, VC increased meat ash percentage compared to the control group (P<0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that addition of 250 mg VC and 1.5 % CSP could be conducive to improving growth performance, blood metabolites, and meat quality of broilers under heat stress conditions.

BACKGROUND: Carnitine biosynthesis needs methionine and lysine amino acids, vitamins niacin and ascorbic acid. So the usage of both L-carnitine and vitamin C may  improve the effects of only L-carnitine. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of L-carnitine and vitamin C on the growth performance‚ body composition; blood serum parameters in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. METHODS: For this purpose, 540 fingerlings with the average weight 40±2 g were arranged in treatments including 3 vitamin C levels: zero, 500, 1000 and 2 L-carnitine levels: zero, 800 (mg/kg diet), with 3 replicates. RESULTS: Results showed weight gain, special growth rate and feed conversion ratio in the level of 500/800 vitamin C/L-carnitine had a significant increase compared to control (p<0.05). The highest and the lowest lipid content were observed in control and 1000/800vitamin C/ L-carnitine, respectively (p<0.05). The highest protein content was observed in 500/800 vitamin C/L-carnitine (p<0.05). Cholesterol and glucose showed a significant decrease in 500/800 vitamin C/L-carnitine. It was observed that 1000/800 vitamin C/L-carnitine caused significant decrease in blood triglycerides (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Finally, it was determined that using vitamin C 500 and L-carnitine 800 mg/kg diet caused some improvement in growth performance with no  negative effects on blood parameters.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin C is one of the important nutrients in fish culture and as a potent anti-oxidant, is of great importance in preserving cells against oxidation and boosting resistance in stress conditions and against pathogens. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study is to add high level of vitamin C supplementation to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diet reared at high density and analysis of growth indices, survival and carcass composition at two different stocking densities. METHODS: Rainbow trout juveniles with initial body weight of 9.6 ± 0.69 g at two densities of 50 and 100 pieces in 50 liters of water were fed two diets containing the same level of protein and fat. Experimental diets were diet 1 without adding vitamin and diet 2 with adding 1500 mg/kg of vitamin C. A total number of 900 rainbow trout juveniles in four treatments each with three replicates as T50 (0) (with the density of 50 and fed with diet 1), T100 (0) (with the density of 100 and fed with diet 1), T50 (C) (with the density of 50 and fed with diet 2) and T100 (C) (with the density of 100 and fed with diet 2) were randomly distributed in incubators. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of feeding, growth indices, feed conversion ratio and viability were significantly different between treatments (p<0.05). T50 (0) and T50(C) treatments had higher weight gain, specific growth rate and viability than T100 (0) and T100(C) (p<0.05). In the case of feed conversion ratio, it was higher in T100 (0) and T100(C) treatments compared to T50 (0) and T50(C) ones (p<0.05). Carcass composition was not significantly different between treatments (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that vitamin C supplementation in the diet of rainbow trout juveniles did not have significant effects on growth indices, feed conversion ratio, survival and carcass composition but density was a key factor in growth, feed conversion ratio and survival in this species.

Fifteen days old Jersey crossbred calf was brought to the hospital with the history of sudden hair fall around the trunk and legs and the other calf was apparently normal in twin birth. Clinical examination revealed severe alopecia in both fore limbs, hind limbs, trunks and easy epilation of hairs, along with erythematous skin and pruritus and mild scaling around its thighs, flanks and trunk. Dermatological analysis of skin scrapings revealed negative for ectoparasites and trichogram showed no hair growth abnormalities. Haemato-biochemical parameters were in normal range except low plasma ascorbic acid (0.16 mg/dL). The case was diagnosed as vitamin C responsive dermatosis and treated with single dose of intravenous injection of 2.5 g of ascorbic acid diluted with normal saline. The owner was advised to follow tab. vitamin C total dose of 2 g/day for 10 days orally. After one week, further hair was loss ceased and complete regrowth of hair noticed after four weeks of treatment.&nbsp;

Fifteen days old Jersey crossbred calf was brought to the hospital with the history of sudden hair fall around the trunk and legs and the other calf was apparently normal in twin birth. Clinical examination revealed severe alopecia in both fore limbs, hind limbs, trunks and easy epilation of hairs, along with erythematous skin and pruritus and mild scaling around its thighs, flanks and trunk. Dermatological analysis of skin scrapings revealed negative for ectoparasites and trichogram showed no hair growth abnormalities. Haemato-biochemical parameters were in normal range except low plasma ascorbic acid (0.16 mg/dL). The case was diagnosed as vitamin C responsive dermatosis and treated with single dose of intravenous injection of 2.5 g of ascorbic acid diluted with normal saline. The owner was advised to follow tab. vitamin C total dose of 2 g/day for 10 days orally. After one week, further hair was loss ceased and complete regrowth of hair noticed after four weeks of treatment.&nbsp;

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of repeatedadministration of ivermectin alone or with the combination of Vitamin C on kidneyfunction and histopathological effects on kidney and lung of rabbits. Total of 48mature female rabbits were used in this study. The rabbits were divided into eightgroups of equal number (6). The 1st group was administered 0.9% Nacl whichconsiders as control. The 2nd , 3rd , and 4th groups were administered (0.5mg, 1mg,and 2mg/Kg B.W Ivermectin) respectively. While the 5th group was administered50mg/Kg B.W vitamin C only. The 6th , 7th , and 8th groups were given 50mg/Kgvitamin C in combination with Ivermectin (0.5mg, 1mg, and 2mg/Kg B.W )respectively. The ivermectin therapy was given S/C weekly, while the vitamin C wasgiven daily and orally. The treatment in all groups were prolonged for 8 weeks.The results showed significant increase (P˂ 0.05) in uric acid level in the 4thgroup. Also the level of urea and blood urea nitrogen were revealed significantdecrease (P˂ 0.05) in 7th group. While the creatinine level clarified significantincrease (P˂ 0.05) in the 3rd and 8th groups as compared with control group.The histopathological changes as a results of ivermectin treatment in kidneyincluded vacuolation of subcapsular tubules, atrophy of glomeruli. The lung showeddilated alveoli, bronchioles were aggregated with lymphocyte, dilatation ofbronchioles, as well as, folding and thickening of bronchial epithelium. Theadministration of vitamin C with combination of Ivermectin ameliorate the harmfuleffect of ivermectin treatment. It can be conclude that the repeated administration ofivermectin causes hazardous effects on kidney function and many ofhistopathological changes were demonstrated in kidney and lung structure. Thechanges were increased proportionally with the dose. The administration of vitaminC can acts as protective agent.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As a chemotherapeutic agent, bleomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used to treat cancer. However, it is linked lung toxicity. Hidrosmin is a man-made flavonoid that reduces inflammation and protects cells from damage. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin with the potential to reduce lung fibrosis. The experiment randomly assigned forty mature male rats into five groups. Group 1: control group with DMSO (5 ml/kg) for 20 days; Group 2: bleomycin intratracheally (5 mg /kg) on day seven of the experiment, Group 3; hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) for 20 days + BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on day seven; Group 4: vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) for 20 days + BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on day seven; Group 5: hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) + vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) daily for 20 days; and BLE (5 mg/kg) on day seven. The experiment randomly assigned forty mature male rats into five groups. The first group got DMSO (5 ml/kg) every day as a control. The second group got bleomycin intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on the seventh day of the experiment. The third group got hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) for 20 days and BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on the seventh day. The fourth group got vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) for 20 days and BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on day seven. The fifth group got hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) plus vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) every day for 20 days and BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on the seventh day.

This study was carried out to investigate the role of both calcium chloride and Vitamin C in protection against the deterioration effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure on thyroid function .Fifty adult male rats were used, which divided randomly into five equal groups, the first group: The animals of this group served as control group administrated distilled water orally by gavage. Second group: administrated NaF (5.2mg/kg.bw/day) orally by gavage. Third group: administrated NaF (5.2mg/kg.bw/day) + Calcium Chloride (20mg/kg.bw/day) orally by gavage. Fourth group: administrated NaF (5.2mg/kg.bw/day) + Vitamin C (100mg/kg.bw/day) orally by gavage. Fifth group: administrated NaF (5.2mg/kg.bw/day) + Calcium Chloride (20mg/kg.bw/day) + Vitamin C (100mg/kg.bw/day) orally by gavag . The treatment continued for 45 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed under anesthesia. Blood samples were taken and the serum was separated for the study of the thyroid hormones, and tissue samples of the thyroid gland were taken for histological changes. The study showed a significant elevation in thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH), and a significant reduction in tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) hormones concentration in NaF treated group compared with control, however a significant improvement were recorded in above cited parameters in all treated groups. Histopathological study revealed hyperplasia include presence of large number of small follicles in NaF treated group whereas a significant amelioration were found in all other treated groups which appeared semi-normal compared with control group