This study was conducted to compare the sedative and cardiovascular effects of alfaxalone and medetomidine in cats. In the study, 18 owned cats brought for X-ray, ultrasound, dental examination, ear diseases examination, and bandage change were used. The cats were randomly divided into two groups; 4 mg/kg alfaxalone was intravenously administered to one group and 0.08 mg/kg medetomidine to the other group. After the application, movement changes and sedation conditions were recorded. Sedation score, analgesia score, heart rate, respiratory rate, and side effects were also recorded. The sedation score was higher and the duration of sedation was longer in the medetomidine group, and the differences were statistically significant. As a result, it was concluded that alfaxalone and medetomidine have clinically similar sedative and analgesic efficacy, medetomidine should be preferred in applications requiring prolonged sedation in cats, and alfaxalone is more reliable in animals with cardiovascular problems.

This retrospective study was conducted to elucidate reproductive parameters oh heifers. The age of insemination resulted with pregnancy (AIRP), the number of inseminations per pregnancy (NIPP), length of the gestation period (LGP), age at first calving (AFC), maternal body weight at the first calving (BWFC), and bodyweight of calves at parturition (BWCP) data were compiled from 179 heifers (Holstein, n = 32; Simmental, n = 147), which were born between June 22, 2013 and October 31, 2019 and raised under the same managerial program in a private farm. The data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA and regression analysis. The AIRP was longer in Simmental heifers than Holstein heifers (515 ± 5 d vs. 482 ± 7 d; P<0.01) while NIPP values were similar (1.99 ± 0.10 vs. 2.06 ± 0.10, P>0.05). Likewise, the AFC was 39 d shorter for Holstein heifers than that for Simmental heifers (753 ± 7 d vs. 796 ± 5 d, P<0.001). The LGP was shorter in Holstein heifers than Simmental heifers (271 ± 1 d vs. 280 ± 1 d; P<0.0001). However, the BWFC (576 ± 10 kg vs. 585 ± 5 kg) and BWCP (39.0 ± 0.8 kg vs. 40.7 ± 0.5) were not different. The sire, calf sex, and maternal weight accounted for 83.1% (P<0.01), 9.3% (P<0.05), and 7.6% (P>0.05) of variations in the BWCP. The linear models describing relationships were 1) LPG (d) = 0.46∙BWCP (kg) + 260.4, R² = 0.12 (P<0.0001), 2) AFC (d) = 28.05∙NIPP + 731.36, R² = 0.35, (P<0.0001), and 3) BWFC (kg) = 0.32∙AFC (d) + 328.47, R² = 0.11 (P<0.0001). In conclusion, reproductive management covering accurate observation for estrus sign, inseminated by experienced inseminator, checked for pregnancy status as early as possible is crucial to improve life-time productivity. Sire selection should be considered for minimizing dystocia incidence.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of timoquinone and β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) on the brain tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Randomly selected 35 male rats were divided into five groups of 7 animals each at 8 weeks. The groups are respectively; C, D, DT, DB, DTB. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intraperitoneally injection of a single dose of streptozotocin. Thymoquinone (20 mg/kg/day) and BAIBA (100 mg/kg/day) were administered to diabetic rats by gavage for 5 weeks. In the D group; glutathione (GSH) levels decreased. Again, in this group; relative brain weight, malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, cholesterol (CH) triglyceride (TG) and creatine kinase BB (CK BB) levels increased. The histological structure of the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum in diabetic rats was similar to that of the other groups. No histopathological alterations were detected in the central nervous system (CNS) at light microscopic level in any of the groups. It was observed that these biocehemical changes occurring after DM were reversed significantly in DT, DB and DBT groups. Although the protective effects of BAIBA were stronger than thymoquinone, the most effective result was obtained with the combined use of thymoquinone+BAIBA. The biochemical results obtained in this study showed that oxidative stress occurred in the brain tissue of diabetic rats. However, the effects of oxidative stress on the histological structure of brain tissue could not be detected by light microscopic level. The biochemical analysis results suggested that administration thymoquinone and BAIBA could be used as therapeutic agents with the potential to ameliorate brain damage caused by diabetes mellitus because of the antioxidant effects.

The aim of the study is investigate the relationship between puberty and plasma Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in Simmental heifers from six months to puberty. The heifers were selected through random sampling and their body weight, heart-girth circumference, hip height and body condition score were regularly recorded every month from six months of age (Group 1, n=10) until twelve months. Their blood samples were taken for AMH measurement. First data from six-month old heifers were classified in Group 1, the 7th month in Group 2, the 8th month in Group 3, the 9th month in Group 4, the 10th month in Group 5, the 11th month in Group 6 and the 12 months in Group 7. Two of the Simmental heifers in the study exhibited symptoms of estrous cycle in the 7th month, 2 in the 8th month, 1 in the 9th month, 2 in the 10th month and 3 in the 11th month. We calculated that the difference between all data except the AMH value was statistically significant in the first months before and after the onset of estrous cycle (P<0.01). In conclusion, we found that AMH decreases before puberty, and proceeds at a stable value afterwards in Simmental heifers. We also found that AMH levels are correlated with hip height, heart-girth circumference and body weight during puberty. The study suggests that the differences in body condition score and body weight are significant (P<0.05) in the month of estrous cycle onset and the following months.

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of Dysplasia in Belgian Malinois dogs employed in security units using the British Veterinary Association (BVA)/Kennel Club (KC) scoring system. According to the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) pedigree, the study was conducted on 52 dogs registered to Kennel Club with A score hip joint structure. Standard ventrodorsal pelvis radiographs were taken by adduction with the hind limbs in full extension and femurs parallel to the spine of the dogs lying in the supine position using a stabilizer back support. Bilateral pelvic radiographs were transferred to the computer, and Norberg Angle (NA) measurements of the right and left coxofemoral joints were made on the digimizer program. Afterward, scoring was made according to the BVA/KC scoring criteria and evaluated in terms of Dysplasia according to the total score. In this study, 52 Belgian Malinois dogs were used, of which 21.1% were male, and 41% were female dogs. The average age of the dogs was measured as 1.41±0.35 years, and the average body weight was measured as 24.00±2.94 kg. Consequently, it was observed that hip joint compliance in animals was not included in the group at risk for Dysplasia, and the mean value of NA measurements was measured as 106.53 degrees for the right coxofemoral joint, as 105.74 degrees for the left coxofemoral joint, and the mean value of the total hip score was measured as 3.42.

In this study 87 fish feed samples were randomly collected from feed mills and fish farming establishments from 14 provinces in Turkey to determine the occurrence of total aflatoxin (AF) and total fumonisin contamination. The quantitative analysis of total AF and total fumonisin of the samples was carried out using commercial kits. The samples were analysed by microplate reader. Total AF residues were found in 86 (98.85%) of 87 analyzed samples. The avarage value for total AF (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) in positive samples was found as 8.776±4.178 µg/kg ranged from 1.023-17.566 µg/kg, and these values were found to be less than the recommended level 20 ppb (Food Drug Administration). Total fumonisin (B1, B2, B3) residues were found in 49 (56.98%) of 86 samples analysed. The avarage value for total fumonisin in positive samples was found as 0.3028±0.2584 mg/kg ranged from 0.0107-0.9278 mg/kg. These values were below the tolerable limit of 10 ppm for fumonisin (B1, B2) announced by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Turkey. It was suggested that although mycotoxin residues were detected in the collected feeds, these values remained below the tolerable values.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the presence of florfenicol and sulfonamide residue in beef meat samples collected from slaughterhouses in Burdur province center. For this purpose, 100 g of meat samples were collected and florfenicol and sulfonamide residue analyzes were performed by ELISA. Each meat sample was also recorded for which the sample was taken from the particular animal. Florfenicol was detected in 3 of 88 samples (3.4%) at concentrations of 0.97, 1.35, 1.40 µg/kg (mean level: 1.24±0.23), and sulfonamide residues were detected in 3 of 86 samples (3.5%) at concentrations of 27.13, 34.50, 44.40 (mean level: 35.34±8.66). Concentrations of florfenicol and sulfonamide in the residues detected were found to be below the maximum allowed residue limits (200 µg/kg and 100 µg/kg, respectively). No residue were found in remaining 85 and 83 samples. Therefore, it was concluded that florfenicol and sulfonamide residues in samples were not at a level that would threaten the public health.

Veterinary specialist needs in Turkey have been provided by postgraduate education for decades. However, the official decision of a separate veterinary specialty program has been approved, and arrangements are ongoing. This study aimed to investigate the perception of supervisors (SPV) and postgraduate students (PGS) of teaching and assessing methods of veterinary surgery postgraduate programs in Turkey as well as to make suggestions on prospective veterinary surgery specialist training. Demographic information, roles in surgical procedures, teaching and assessment methods, satisfaction, predicted outcomes, and future directions were examined. The responses were analyzed statistically by intergroup and in-group comparisons. The number and rate of surveys completed were 72 (53%) for PGS and 46 (46%) for SPV. The most studied areas were orthopedics (PGS 30.3%; SPV 25.8%) and soft tissue surgery (PGS 26.9%; SPV 24.2%). The consistency and differences in the perceptions of SPV and PGS were examined with responses to surveys on teaching and assessment methods. The results revealed that although the teaching and assessment methods applied in veterinary surgery postgraduate programs of various institutions are generally consistent, they do differ in detail. This highlights the need for a nationwide practice whose standards are specifically determined by an authorized committee to gain knowledge and skills in the field of veterinary surgery.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gender and breed factors on inter and cross sucking calves with abnormal behavior. Present field study was enrolled among 4 different farms located in Aydin Municipality, in the Aegean Region of Turkey. A total of 456 calves, with abnormal behavior characteristics, from those 4 farms, were enrolled, involving neonatal calves. The data collected during half an hour observation session were as follows: a) total suckling period and b) suckling bout attempts. Cross-sucking was frequently detected near the feeder in all 4 farms. Heavier calves were sucked more often. The milk bottle were also sucked often, but never longer than 10 seconds. Calves were frequently active in cross-sucking and it was observed that the cross-sucking calves went into the milk feeder more often for a shorter duration. Simmental calves with cross-suckling per observation time were significantly higher than that of the Holstein (p˂0.001). Number of Simmental calves was higher for cross- and inter-sucking behavior. Given the individual interpretation of 4 different farms involved in this study, cross-sucking attempts regarding gender indicated significancy for farms I (p˂0.05) and IV (p˂0.001). The present study supports a potential preliminary finding for calves with stereotypical behaviors for further studies in Turkey.

It was aimed with present study to determining the assemblages characterisation of G. duodenalis and to comparison of pathogenicity of intermittent spread agent with microscopic faecal examination and Nested PCR in cattle. Assemblages A and E were found to be major assemblage of G. duodenalis detected by targeting the amplication of β-giardin with nPCR. Furthermore, it was observed that 7/9 calves that were nPCR negative in the 1st month returned to positivity in the following months (100%), and negative microscopy and rapid test kit evaluations could be detected despite periodic nPCR positivity. In conclusion this study might be represented baseline date for following of faceal excreation period and importance of preventive treatment in cattle.