decision makers and empowering stakeholders at local, regional, and international levels towards a coordinated fight against NZDs. ADVANZ is establishing an African platform to share experiences in the prevention and control of NZDs. The platform will compile and package existing knowledge or data on NZDs and generate evidence-based algorithms for improving surveillance and control with the ultimate aim of eliminating and eradicating these diseases. The platform will serve as a forum for African and international stakeholders, as well as existing One Health and NZD networks and harness and consolidate their efforts in the control and prevention of NZDs. The platform had its first meeting in Johannesburg, South Africa in March 2013.

The objective of this study was to explore the reasons for the persistence of human cysticercosis (HCC) transmission in Mbulu District, northern Tanzania. The study was carried out in 25 villages, whereby five major risks were identified. The risks were indiscriminate defaecation and improper use of toilets; a free-range system of keeping pigs; indiscriminate or unregulated slaughtering and inadequate meat hygiene and inspection; consumption of undercooked and porcine cysticerci infected pork; and social structure and roles. All of the identified risks were backed up by the immanent lifestyles of the community involved. These findings are important for the development of intervention strategies in the study area.

All Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) strains of Pasteurella multocida, fell into Roberts type I, P. multocida Roberts I: Carter B, the serotype is responsible for Asian HS. This study conducted to evaluate the validity of the mouse as model for HS in cattle, buffaloes, goats. A total of thirty six Swiss mice of both sexes divided into two main groups (infective and control) and each group subdivided into three groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd), each group subdivided into 2 subgroups (A, B). Each infective subgroups infected with different route (I.P and S.C) and different dose of the (Robert I :carter group B) strain as 104 cfu, 102 cfu and 50 cfu respectively for both routes. Many criteria (clinical sings, mortality, bacterial isolation from different organs, and gross pathological changes ) were used to describe infection in mice as a tool for further investigation in some large animals. The study showed that mice displayed fever, depression, anorexia, and other clinical signs 24hrs. before death which occurred between 24-72 hrs. P. multocida: Robert I: carter : B was isolated from most organs of 1st and 2nd group infected with (104 and 102 cfu) but not isolated from the brain of third group infected with 50 cfu (I.P and S.C ) also from kidney and lung of S.C B3 of the infected mice, and from all organs of the third mouse of this subgroup. Mice showed different gross pathological changes of internal organs and brain , these characterized by splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, petechial haemorrhage similar to that observed in cattle, buffaloes. These results suggest that the mouse would seem to provide an ideal tool to study HS in cattle, buffalo.

The present study was conducted in Basra province to evaluate of some minerals (copper,, zinc and cobalt) in sheep. The study constituent examination of 1400 sheep and 200 of it showed sings of mineral deficiency and 25 as a control, the study include: clinical, hematological examination, and level of serum(copper, zinc, and cobalt). A number of 200 (14.2%) sheep revealed a clinical signs of mineral deficiency from total of (1400) sheep which were clinically examined in this study, And the study showed that the values of copper, zinc, and cobalt in serum were significantly low (0.15±0.03ppm, 0.73±0.35ppm, 0.57±0.12ppm). and the most important clinical signs presented by alopecia (47.5 %), parakiratosis (18%), diarrhea (11.5%), pale mucous membrane (49%), lacrimation (6%), ataxia (4%). Also the study reveal that the body temperature within normal (39.47±0.33 C°), but increase of pulse rate, and respiratory rate in affected animals were (90.48± 4.53Min, 33.99±0.29 Min) respectively. And the study showed that the RBCc of affected sheep significantly low (6.57±0.10 *106/ml), also the PCV, Hb, MCV, MCH, were significantly low (19.75±0.24 %, 6.88±0.11 g/L, 31.07±0.49 fl, 11.06±0.53 pg) respectively, whereas MCHC in affected sheep was significantly high (34.92±0.45 %) and the mean of WBCc of affected sheep were(6.43±0.11103/ml) and there is no significant different when compared with control.

Mammary tumors in five intact bitches were evaluated at the Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Duhok University. Information about the breed and age of the animals, location and number of affected mammary glands, surgical outcome, tumor recurrence and survival were recorded. All the removed tumors were histologically examined and diagnosed as malignant types.

In this study 48 rats were used and divided into four groups :- A,B,C and D each group contains 12 rats . All these groups were administrated orally with aqueous solution of thallium sulfate as 0.4 mg/kg b.w. , 0.8 mg/kg b.w. , 1.6 mg/kg b.w. respectively while the control group(A) was administrated with normal saline . This experiment was continued for 90 days . After this period all animals were anesthetized with chloroform by inhalation and sacrificed to collect blood samples for obtaining the serum which used for estimation of serum urea and creatinine , and to study histopathological changes caused by thallium sulfate toxicity on kidney tissue . Compared with control group, all treated groups showed markedly dose –dependent elevation in serum urea and creatinine, and pathological changes as dilatation and vacoulation of cortical tubules and atrophy of glomeruli and also necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules in high dose group .

ABSTRACT Invegstigation of antibacterial activity of phenolic extract of Punica granatum Peel was carried out in this study on Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria. The results exhibited variable susceptibilities of microorganisms for different concentration of phenolic extract. The activity of this extract was associated with high concentrations. Using plate method, phenolic extract of P.granatum had the highest effect and wide diameter of growth inhibition zone against Streptococcus sp.,and it has no effect on growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Staphylococcus aureus only when very high concentration is used.

This study was conducted on 215 milk samples collected from apparently healthy lactating buffalo during the period from August 2012 to March 2013. Isolation and identification of bacterial isolates were carried on the basis of their morphology, staining, cultural and biochemical properties. Antibiotics susceptibility of the isolated organisms were also done . Out of 215 milk samples examined 22 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus . Results of antibiotics sensitivity in this investigation showed that Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to kanamycin , azithromycin , gentamycin , vancomycin , nitrofurantoin , streptomycin and resistant to oxacillin and ampicillin.

This study was conducted to detect the effects of Selenium on some physiological and reproductive parameters in rats male, Twenty-four mature male rats were randomly divided into three equal groups; each group consists of eight males. First group was injected intrapretonially with 0.1 ml of normal saline for 30 consecutive days as control group, while second and third groups were intrapritonially injected with 0.1 ml of sodium Selenite at concentration (2,4 mg/kg body Wight ) of selenium for 30 days. The hematological and biochemical parameters including, red blood cells count(R.B.C), white blood cells count(W.B.C), hemoglobin concentration(Hb), package cell volume (P.C.V) , in addition to ALT and AST were performed after animals elimination . The concentration and percentage of normal and abnormal sperms were calculated after epididymis extraction. Statistical analysis reveals that significant differences (p≤0.05) in Red blood cells count, package cell volume, while WBCs count and liver enzymes ALT,AST show increase significant differences (p≤0.05) in comparison with control group . In concern with reproductive parameters, this study indicates there is significant differences in motility and activity of sperms of treated males, in comparison with control group

This study was designed to find out the effect of oral inoculation of aqueous extract of Curcuma Longa at two doses (1 and 5) mg/ kg body weight daily for 4 weeks on the immune response of Balb/c mice by estimating of serum concentration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) , interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (INF-γ) using ELISA test. The present results revealed that significant increase (p