The metabolism disorders of subclinical nature in pregnant cows are characterized with intoxication processes development, swift of acid - alkaline balance and cytolyses activation. The listed factors promote occurrence of neonatal pathology - congenital calve hypotrophy. Degree of display of the given pathology depends on severity level of the metabolism disorders in pregnant dry cows. In the tabular form results of the spent haemotological and biochemical research are presented: haemotological and biochemical indicators of blood pregnant dry cows for the 14-21 day prior to assumed calving; haemotological, biochemical and immunologic indicators of blood of newborn calves with various degree of antenatal hypotrophy. | Нарушение обмена веществ субклинической природы у стельных сухостойных коров характеризуется развитием интоксикационных процессов, сдвигом кислотно-щелочного равновесия и активацией цитолиза. Перечисленные факторы способствуют возникновению неонатальной патологии - врожденной гипотрофии телят. Степень проявления данной патологии зависит от степени тяжести нарушения обмена веществ у стельных сухостойных коров. В табличной форме представлены результаты проведенных гематологических и биохимических исследований: гематологические и биохимические показатели крови стельных сухостойных коров за 14-21 день до предполагаемого отела; гематологические, биохимические и иммунологические показатели крови новорожденных телят с различной степенью антенатального недоразвития.

There were studied the architectonics features of extra-bodies turkey thymic vessels during postnatal ontogenesis. Results of anatomic research of sources of blood supply turkey thymus during the period of postnatal ontogenesis are reflected. Thus, blood supply of turkey thymus is carried out from pair spinal trunk and its branches. The scheme of topographical architectonics of vessels remains on an extent of postnatal developments. Blood supply of the segments laying in a phrenic cavity, is carried out by the branches departing directly from spinal trunk, and the segments located in the field of a neck, from corresponding ascending to a cervical artery. For the vessels departing from a trunk in the phrenic cavity, and also for large vessels of a neck area, the greatest intensity of growth of diameter in the first month of a life is characteristic. With the years there is an increase in diameter of spinal trunk and an ascending cervical artery on 88,14% and 88,89% accordingly. Diameter of the branches going to the first segment, increases till 70 days (by 86,86%), the second and the third - till 110 days (on 82,00%), to large segments - till 220 days (on the average on 72,50%). Reduction of diameter of arteries, blood supplying of thymus segments, located in the field of a neck, after 110 days (on the average on 45,72%) is revealed. It specifies in decreasing of level of their thymus blood supply owing to increase of age involution processes. | Цель исследования - изучить особенности архитектоники экстраорганных артерий тимуса индеек белой широкогрудой породы в постнатальном онтогенезе. Отражены результаты анатомических исследований источников кровоснабжения тимуса индеек в период постнатального онтогенеза. Таким образом, кровоснабжение тимуса индеек осуществляется от парного соннопозвоночного ствола и его ветвей. Схема топографической архитектоники сосудов сохраняется на протяжении постнатального развития. Кровоснабжение долек, лежащих в грудобрюшной полости, осуществляется ветвями, отходящими непосредственно от соннопозвоночного ствола, а долек, расположенных в области шеи, от соответствующей восходящий шейной артерии. Для сосудов, отходящих от ствола в грудобрюшной полости, а также для крупных сосудов области шеи, характерна наибольшая интенсивность роста диаметра в первый месяц жизни. С возрастом происходит увеличение диаметра соннопозвоночного ствола и восходящей шейной артерии на 88,14% и 88,89% соответственно. Диаметр же ветвей, идущих к первой дольке, увеличивается до 70 суток (на 86,86%), второй и третьей - до 110 суток (на 82,00%), к крупным долькам - до 220 суток (в среднем на 72,50%). Выявлено уменьшение диаметра артерий, кровоснабжающих дольки тимуса, расположенные в области шеи, после 110 суток (в среднем на 45,72%). Это указывает на уменьшение уровня их кровоснабжения тимуса вследствие нарастания процессов возрастной инволюции.

Definition of quality parameters and chemical composition of feeds, evaluation their nutritional value and composing on this basis optimal rations for high productive animals are the most significant conditions for their health and production. More often metabolism disorders registers in the conditions of intensive animal production, at high dairy efficiency and intensive fattening. At animals at disorder of key parameters of technology (unbalanced feeding, hypodynamia, lack of insolation) is broken metabolism, decreases natural resistance, goes down quality of production that conducts to disease, premature culling and to the compelled slaughter of animals. On frequency these diseases occupy on the average 10% from all noncontagious diseases, and on dairy complexes with industrial technology and in specialized feeding economy at intensive cultivation on their share it is necessary over 30% of a noncontagious pathology. Today the control of rations on such indicators, as dry matter level, quantity of exchange energy, the maintenance of a crude and digested protein, amino acids, sugars, starch, cellulose, fat, macro-and microelements, vitamins, and also sugar-energy-protein and calcium-phosphoric parities, acid-base balance has got special value. The lack of those or other nutrients causes infringement of a clinical condition of animals and reduces their efficiency. Among the most widespread diseases of the animals registered in animal industry: cattle ketosis, osteodystrophy, endemic struma, hypomagnesiemia tetany, pasturable tetany, microelementosis, hypovitaminoses A and Е.

There was studied the therapeutic efficiency of sorbent Lactofiltrum in a complex therapy of abomasoenteritis at calves. It represents the complex preparation containing 75% of hydrolytic lignins and 25% of lactulose. Action of lignins is based on ability to sorb and strongly to keep toxins of exogenous and endogenous origins, the pathogenic microorganisms which are present in enteral mediuim. Lactulose, a part of prebiotics Lactofiltrum, is a synthetic disaccharide. It is not exposed to splitting by enzymes in thin intestines. The active substance lactulose starts to operate in a thick gut where under the influence of intestinal microflora it is transformedto low-molecular organic acids, basically dairy, acetic, oil and propionic. Thanks to acidification of intestinal contents growth of putrefactive and pathogenic microflora chokes, osmotic pressure in a gleam of a thick gut increases. Lactofiltrum possesses high therapeutic efficiency. The experiment has shown 100% effectiveness in treatment. Economic effect is 1,63 rubles in control group and 3,52 rubles in experimental group from 1 ruble of expenditure. This treatment is economically profitable. In the tabular form the content of the general bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose in blood serum, urea and creatinine, daily average body weight gain and epizooty, morphological indicators of blood, dynamics of the general protein and albumens at calves with abomasoenteritis are presented. Lactofiltrum has a high therapeutic effect. Pharmacology action is associated with intestinal digestion normalization due to absorption of toxins and useful bacteria stimulation. The experiment has shown 100% effectiveness in treatment. This treatment is economically profitable.

In course of realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus research there were studied the relations of the most widely spread helminthes and protozoan which infest in gastrointestinal tract of dogs with the normal microflora of small intestine and large intestine. Research results showed that in the conditions of single-agent infestation and associative parasitic disease of dogs caused by Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonine, Dipylidium caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Taenia sp., Isospora ochioensis, Isospora canis and Eimeria canis in small and large intestine of sick animals there was seldom stated the changes of quality and quantity composition of microflora. In the conditions of mixed agents infestation the microflora composition changed more intensively

Research results on usage of DNA-markers (RYRI, FABP, ESRF18/FUTI) and other factors for industrial pork production were presented. It was determined that DNA-technologies let conduct interbreed crossing on industrial scale and get diverse (fat or meat, with different fat content) products, as well as increase pork production in general. The best variants of crossing combinations were pigs of the Belarus large white breed with Belarus meat and Dyurok, and also the Belarus large white breed with Landras and Dyurok. Research results showed, for in course of the whole period of breeding the daily average weight gain of hybrids of the large white with the Belarus meat and breeds Landras was higher than with the Estonian bacon on 25 and 18 g, respectively. Fattening of stores was finished at the period of achievement of body weight by 100-102,5 kg. The slaughter yield of meat products by groups (without intestinal fat) did not essentially differ and varied within 69,9 - 71,1%. There were noted no considerable distinctions in weight of internals (heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, liver). Thickness of the salted pork fat at hybrids with animals of the Belarus meat breed was 1-2 mm lower than in other. The average meat yield of diverting weir was 61,9%, fat weight - 27,9%, bone weight - 10,2%. The organoleptic evaluation of beef-infusion broth quality showed that indicators of habit, aroma and taste and nourishing were at high level and compose 4,67; 4,59; 4,55 and 4,71 points, respectively. Tenderness, juiciness and taste of boiled meat also were at level 4,69; 4,76 and 4,87 points, respectively; fried meat - 4,57; 4,68 and 4,66 points

Disinfection of cattle-breeding farms and their equipment is an action directed towards eradication of causative agents of infectious diseases in environment, towards the liquidation of the infection focal points as one of epizootic chains by means of application of various chemical substances. Study of the corrosive activity of developed in Belarus disinfectants and their comparison with the foreign analogues was realized. Cattle-breeding premises possess considerable metal consumption. Traditional disinfectants possess the expressed corrosive action and cause the substantial deterioration and damage of metal structures of premises. In recent years there were developed and recommended for application in veterinary science some new nontoxical, ecologically safe disinfectants, developed with the assistance of scientists of the S.N. Vyshelesskij Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine of Belarus, such as: Virkotsid (technical specifications BY 190245337.001-2007), Sandim-D (technical specifications BY 100917107.001-2007), combined disinfectant of surfaces, Valisan (technical specifications BY 101385752.001-2006), Belopag (technical specifications BY 100162869.059-2005), Belsteril (technical specifications BY 500027013.001-001-2003) and Vitmol (technical specifications BY 300047997.001-2003). Research results showed that the analysed disinfectants possessed less corrosive activity to metals in comparison with the foreign analogues (Glutex, Dezavid, Virkon C, etc.). The least severity of corrosion was stated in the disinfectants representing the compositions of the bactericide agents (Sandim-D, KDP, Belopag, Vitmol, Virkotsid, Valisan, etc)

The modern technology applied on poultry enterprises of the Republic of Belarus made provision for high concentration of poultry population density at the comparatively small housing areas of integrated poultry farms which caused the deterioration of sanitary conditions in poultry houses, especially by the end of the growing period. Broiler chickens grown under such conditions were constantly experiencing the microbe stress which eventually caused the heightened culling and poultry losses caused by different diseases caused both by pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora. For the current disinfection in presence of poultry it was proposed to use sprayings with malic and succinic acids, which made it possible to realize not only the air sanation in poultry houses, but also increase broiler chicken viability. The highest bactericidal activity of apple acid aerosol against air microflora was stated within 3 hours after carrying out indoors treatment. After disinfection the general microbic air contamination decreased in 2-10 times, quantity of microorganisms of colimorphic groups and staphilococcus in 1,4-1,75 and 2-10 times, respectively, in comparison with the original air values realized before air treatment in poultry houses. In the following, there was stated the gradual increase of a level of microbic air contamination within 24 hours. The best effect of the preparation was stated against Staphylococcus. Thus, the quantity of Staphylococcus in air decreased in 10 times in comparison with initial data

Application of ethologic techniques in commercial swine production made it possible to take into account the specific features of pigs, to separate animals suitable and unsuitable for animal husbandry in the conditions of industrial production technology, as well as to solve many other problems connected with management, animal behaviour at farms and complexes, that could make it possible to obtain additional production without investing additional material resources. The behavioural trait of emotional stress resistance rendered the authentic positive impact on growth rate of piglets during the suckling period. Taking into consideration, that emotional stress resistance, as well as the temperament as a whole, remained invariable as long as life endures, it could be possible to recommended to use the analysed trait for the selection of young stock for self- replacement in the conditions of pig-breeding complexes, and for the selection of the most fast-growing animals with the simultaneous steady resistance to the emotional stress. In the process of replacement pigs selection it was inefficient to take into consideration only their live weight. Considering that the live weight of some piglets which were non-resistant to emotional stress, but with heavy litter, was high enough, however, as their temperament did not vary as long as life endures and emotional instability will necessarily manifest itself in the subsequent parent qualities of the future sows