This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of microscopy compared to moleculardetection of babesiosis infection in camels(Camelus dromedarius) in AL- Najaf AL-Ashrafprovince-Iraq, started from November 2017 to May 2018.The results showed that the totalprevalence using via microscopic examination and molecular detection method was 17.5%,54.16% respectively,however , the rate of females infection was 10% as compared with males25% by microscopic examination , whereas, the infection rate by using PCR in females andmales, 66.66% ,41.66% respectively. The results also showed that the rate of infection in the ageof less thana year was 6.66% and 28.33% in age of more than one year by microscopicalexaminations, While by using the molecular assay the rate of infection in the age of less than ayear was 45% and 63.33% in the age of more than one year.It has been conclude that PCR has ahigh ability to detect babesiosis in camels as compared with microscopic examination.

Methicillin resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) was a substantial bacteria that caused diversehospital and systemic infections. The detection of mec gene of this pathogen must be used as arapid screening technique. The current study was aimed to characterize the frequency of mecAand mecC genes in Staph. aureus were isolates which phenotypically were resistance tomethicillin which were recovered from patients with tonsillitis that was happened at Al-Habboby teaching hospital during the period from February to November, 2016 in Thi-Qarprovince/Iraq by using PCR technique. From a complete of 109 (63%) Staph. aureus isolates,only 71 isolates were identified phenotypically as MRSA. The molecular results weredocumented that (62% and 31%) of isolates expressed mecA and mecC, respectively. Sixty ninepercentage of all Staph. aureus isolates showed negative results of mecC gene. The currentresults of were established the significance of mecC gene in MRSA recognition than mecA geneand highlighted the increasing manner of its frequency in south of Iraq.

The present study was carried out to determine and investigate theantihyperglycemic action of the alcoholic extract and alkaloids extracted from IraqiMedicinal Plant Haloxylon salicornicum on blood glucose level of Alloxan –InducedDiabetic Rabbits (150 mg/kg intraperitoneal) . In present study were prepared arealcoholic extract and isolated alkaloids . Preliminary qualitative tests werecarried out for all prepared extracts and identification bio active chemicals alkaloidcompounds (Acetic acid (amino carbonyl) ; 4-fluoro histamine ; hydroxyl urea; nhexylmethyl amine ; 1-methyl dodecyl amine ; Octadomine) by TLC and GC-MSchromatography . Alloxan –induced diabetic rabbits was prepared after injecting theexperimental rabbit with three dose of alloxan (I.V).Alloxan –induced diabetic rabbit, the results indicated that alcoholic extract and alkaloids extracted from Haloxylonsalicornicum showed significant decreasing in glucose conc. levels. Alkaloidsisolated from Haloxylon salicornicum showed very high activity to decrease bloodglucose levels in hyperglycemic rabbits ,where significant decreasing (P<0.05)was found at second hrs , significant decreasing (P<0.01) at fourth hr. and highsignificant decreasing (P<0.001) at sex and twenty forth hrs. Both alcoholic extractand alkaloids extracted Haloxylonsalicornicum have potential hypoglycemic effect inhyperglycemic induced rabbits

During the period from January 2014 to the end of July 2014, a total of 21 fishes belongingto two species of the family Ephippidae (Platax teira and P. orbicularis) were captured fromIraqi marine waters, northwest Arab Gulf. The study revealed the existence of one species ofmonogenean, Sprostoniella multitestis from gills of both fish species. The record of S.multitestis in the present study is considered as the first record in the Iraqi territorial waters ofthe Arab Gulf and both P. teira and P. orbicularis are new host records for this parasite in theArab Gulf.

The HSP70 protein considered as a molecular markers to resist various stressconditions, especially high temperatures. Therefore, the high level of gene expressionof hsp70 gene is one of the ways to resist stress conditions, which can vary dependingon the polymorphisms. The study aimed to determine the extent of the correlationbetween gene expression and polymorphisms to hsp70 gene. The study was conductedin the months: November , December , 2015, January 2016, as the winter season andthe months April , May and June, 2016, as the summer season. Twenty nine Holsteinbulls born in Iraq of known fertility, 2.5 – 3.5 years old, back to ArtificialInsemination Center of Abou-Ghareeb Baghdad, Iraq, the General Company forLivestock Services, Semen collected using artificial vagina method, mRNAextraction, Synthesis of mRNA to cDNA and Real-Time Quantitative RT–qPCR weredone. The results showed significant differences in the level of gene expressionbetween polymorphisms to the hsp70 gene. In conclusion there is a positivecorrelation between the gene expression and polymorphisms of hsp70 gene inHolstein bulls born in Iraq .

The present study was designed to show the role of green Tio2 nanoparticles against toxicityof Echinococcus granulosus. The present study used 16 adult albino male rats that distributedrandomly to following groups (each group consist 5 rats); control group received ad libidium,second group injected with 2,5 X 103 of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices third groupinjected with protoscolices and treated with 50mg/kg green Tio2 nanoparticles, fourth groupinjected with protoscolices and treated with 100mg/kg green Tio2 nanoparticles. The resultsshow high significant increased (P < 0.05) in levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT),Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in group injected withprotoscolices compared with control group. Oxidative stress factor in group injected withprotoscolices show significant increased (P < 0.05) in levels of MDA (malonedialdehyied) andsignificant decreased (P < 0.05) in levels of glutathione (GSH) and catalase compared withcontrol group. While, after used green Tio2 nanoparticles with Echinococcus granulosus, theresults showed non-significant changes (P < 0.05) in liver functions and MDA, GSH and catalasealso showed non-significant changes (P < 0.05) compared with control group. It was concludedthat green Tio2 nanoparticles has been potential role against toxicity of Echinococcus granulosusin male rats.

This paper was for Groundwater (GW) quality for drinking by gold-standard (GS) athigh-altitude (HA) area, Taif, KSA "VISION 2030 G", GW samples contained turbidity,resulted high in samples (6 and 10); (0.03 and 0.018). Public health (PH) were had declinedwithin GS. Electric conductivity (EC) were within the optimum value, total dissolved salts(TDS) were had lowest value. Total hardness (TH) were of more than (300–500) mg L−1,Chloride (Cl−) ranged from (18-1759) mg L−1 with 30% and 70% samples. Sulfate (SO42−)ranged from (33-2245) mg L−1 with 90% falling above GS, Nitrates (NO3−) ranged from (0–60) mg L−1 with 80% falling below GS. Bacterial types revealed both Gram-positive andnegative were not in samples (1, 2, 6 and 7), both Gram-positive and negative were presentin samples (5, 8 and 9). The arrangement of colony count were in samples (9, 1, 8, 6, 7 and5), that was ranged the colony from (550-15) / mL. The common bacteria were isolatedincluded Staphylococcus Species (Staph. Spp.), Micrococcus Spp, Escherichia coli (E. coli)and Klebsiella Spp. The conclusion were discharged from the results, that did not agree withGS to the community use. The most examined GW samples for drinking water (DW) did notagree with GS, bacterial quality did not accepted from GS, will affect PH. Therecommendation were directed to "MOH", to follow up GW for DW through GS at HAarea, so could using for human as DW without any harm and did'not affect PH.

Concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Iron, Copper, and Manganese) in five canned fish samples found in the local market Basrah city, Iraq were determined after digestion according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Concentrations of metals were measured using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the range obtained for the elements analyzed in mg/kg (dry weight) were as follows, Cd (0.0027 - 0.0078), Pb (0.0048 - 0.0093), Zn (0.0103 - 0.0205), Ni (0.0122 - 0.0128), Fe (0.0149 - 0.0237), Cu (0.0008 - 0.0034) and Mn (0.0014 - 0.0037). The results indicated that canned fish samples in this study have concentrations well below the permissible FAO/WHO levels for these toxic metals.

A simple, accurate and rapid spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of mebendazole in pure, pharmaceutical formulations and camel urine. The method is based on the reaction of mebendazole with1-fluoro 2, 4-dinitrobenzene to produce orange-yellow colored complex having maximum absorption at 494 nm. Beeˈs law was obeyed over the concentration range of 20-280μg/ml, with molar absorptivity of 3.32x104 l/mol.cm. The present method is considered to be simple because it does not need heating, hydrolysis, and solvent extraction steps. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of mebendazole in pure, pharmaceutical formulations and in camel urine.

A simple, accurate, and rapid visible spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of tetracycline hydrochloride in pure, pharmaceutical preparations and environmental water samples. The method is based on the oxidation of tetracycline hydrochloride by sodium hypochlorite in alkaline medium to form a red colored product with an absorption maximum at 400 nm.  Beer’s Law was obeyed in the range of 2-24 µg/ml with molar absorptivity of 1.346×104 L.mol.-1.cm-1.  The relative standard deviation of the method was less than 2% and accuracy (average recovery ) was  100 ± 0.85 %. The optimum conditions for all color development are described and the proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of tetracycline hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations, chicken meat, and wastewater samples.