Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei infected mainly the Equidae and it is really fatal zoonosis. It was known since ancient times. The horses, mules, and donkeys can get infection by skin abrasion, and during direct contact between animals or with water instruments, also the bacterium can be found in the soil. Since the disease was eradicated from most of the developed world, Glanders is endemic in several countries surrounding Iraq and other related regions of the middle east. Regardless a limited space of Glanders free regions when they're no cases of Glanders can be detected by sensitive and specific tests, the disease can appears as reemerge infection in those places, and that interfere with control, monitoring and strategies for prevention, so the reviewing of disease with special interest on Iraq and surrounding countries have an important.

The goal of this study was to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in pet dogs and cats during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Iraq. Serum samples were collected from 180 animals, including 96 dogs and 84 cats. All animals included in this study were owned animals from a household with at least one COVID-19 patient. Serum samples from dogs and cats were screened for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using the commercial ELISA assay (ID Screen® SARS-CoV-2 Double Antigen Multi-species) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The seroprevalences for SARS-CoV-2 was 7.3% for dogs and 8.3% for cats but this difference was not significant. Also, no significant different in seropositivity between age groups, sex and breeds of pet animals.  All positive animals did not show any clinical signs when contact with human SARS-CoV2 positive cases, suggesting that dogs and cats are likely asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2.

This case was recorded in Basra province, southern Iraq, in February 2018. A case of a pregnant camel was reported in the last days of pregnancy, according to the owner of the animal and the date of the case. As soon as the case was received at the veterinary consulting clinic at the College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Basra, the camel was suffering from labor contractions for two days, without the appearance of fetal fluids or a fetal sac (water bag). The animal was manually examined vaginally, and it was found that there was a twisting of the uterus (uterine torsion) in a counterclockwise direction of 180 degrees. The decision was made by the specialists that a cesarean section should be performed. A cesarean section was performed and a dead fetus was extracted. The necessary dealings were taken after the operation and instructions were given to the owner to take care of the animal and to complete the required treatments.

The aims of the study were to determine incidence ratio of brucellosis in aborted ewes in Anbar governorate using real time PCR technique and bacterial culture and evaluating the efficiency of bacterial culture. 50 samples of stomach contents of an aborted fetus and vaginal swabs from aborted ewes were collected. The incidence ratio of brucellosis in ewes in Anbar governorate were 72% in PCR test However in bacterial culture were 46%. The positive prediction value and Negative prediction value and Sensitivity and Specificity of bacterial culture were (100%, 51.8 %,63%,100%) respectively when use Real time PCR as an assessment test. Conclusions: Anbar province is endemic with brucellosis, especially in sheep. The Real Time PCR is a fast, easy and accurate test in detecting even small numbers of bacteria in a sample, Significant superiority of polymerase chain reaction technology over bacterial culture.

The study's objective is to evaluate the enhanced effect of Ghrelin (GRE) on sperm analysis and the antioxidant system in male rats after inducing hyperthyroidism by L–thyroxin. The rats (50 males) were split into five groups. The first group consisted of 10 male rats that were given normal saline for 30 days S.C and set as a control group. While the second group (positive group) was 10 male rats with hyperthyroidism were given normal saline for 30 days S.C, the third group was 10 male rats with hyperthyroidism were given Ghrelin at a dose of (0.5nmol/100μl saline) for 30 days S.C, and the fourth group was male 10 rats with hyperthyroidism were given Ghrelin (1nmol/100μl saline) for 30 days S.C. The fifth group consisted of 10 hyperthyroid male rats that were given Ghrelin at a dose of (2nmol/100μl saline) for 30 days S.C. The results show a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in all parameters of sperm analysis, the number of births and antioxidative system in hyperthyroid group compared to control group. While, all treated groups with GRE (0.5, 1 and 2 nmol) shows enhance effect in sperm analysis, the number of births and antioxidant system compared to the hyperthyroid group.

The present study was designed to determine the adverse effect of sodium benzoate (SB), vitamin C (Vit.C) alone and their combination on liver and kidney functions in rabbits. Thirty-six adult male rabbits were divided randomly into six equal groups. Group 1 (Control group) received orally distal water, group 2: Vit.C (200mg/kg BW/day) received orally, group 3: received orally SB (60 mg/kg BW/day), group 4: received orally SB (120 mg/kg BW/day). Group 5: received orally SB+Vit.C (60+200 mg/ kg BW/day) and group 6: received orally SB+Vit.C (120+200 mg/ kg BW/day). The result revealed a significant increment in ALT, AST, ALP and MDA in groups 4, 5 and 6 while total protein levels increased in G3 and G4 and decrease in G5 and G6 compared to control and another treated groups. The urea and creatinine levels increased in G5 and G6 as compared to another groups. In conclusion that SB administration alone and together with Vit.C caused adverse effect on liver and kidney functions compared to the group treated with the Vit.C alone and control groups.

This work was designed to conduct an anatomical, histological, and histochemical comparative study of the duodenum between common moorhen and domestic fowl. Thirty birds of common moorhen and thirty birds of domestic fowl that were obtained from a commercial market (Al Basra city) were used in this study, and the work was conducted at the veterinary medicine collage, University of Basra. The anatomical study showed that the duodenum was a convoluted tube that extended as a U shape and held the pancreas between the two arms of the duodenum. The duodenum has similar histological structures in both domestic fowl and common moorhen where the wall of this tubular organ is composed of four layers (tunica mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa). The results of statistical analysis revealed significant differences at level P<0.05 in the thickness of (tunica mucosa, crypts, tunica sub mucosa, and tunica muscularis) between two birds. The histochemical study of the duodenum revealed the carbohydrates distribution on the mucous layer and columnar epithelium and around the intestinal glands, while the glycogen granules distribution around the glands and muscle layers.

This study includes three parts: isolation of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroid fragilis from 94 stool samples collected from different hospitals in Baghdad city from the beginning of March/2020 to the end of April/2021. Stool samples were streaked on BBE media in an anaerobic condition for 24-48h. Identification of Fragilis was done based on morphological characteristics on BBE media: gray convex small rounded colonies surround black zone colonies and molecular method using specific genes 16S rRNA and bft gene. Results showed 34 Fragilis isolates were positive for the 16S rRNA gene and 5 Fragilis positive for the bft gene were classified as Enterotoxigenic Fragilis (ETBF). ETBF isolate which was positive for the bft gene and 16S rRNA was purified by using the Van Tassel method. 30 male mice were divided into three groups with 10 mice for each group the first group as control, the second group is positive control mice administered daily2% dextran sulfate sodium for 30 days, the third group mice administered by stomach tube 2%DSS for 10 days after 10 days mice administered with 20 µg of bft toxin by stomach tube for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, all groups of mice were killed by euthanized ethics. Tissue samples (liver, intestine, and spleen) from mice were removed. The organs were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histological techniques. Histopathological changes in the third group, in the liver section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin, showed: necrotic hepatocytes and dilated sinusoids with hemorrhage. Histopathological changes in the intestine section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin showed: sloughing and degenerated villi and shorten villi. Histopathological changes in the spleen section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin showed: amyloid infiltration and all lymphoid follicles depleted with necrotic lymphocytes

The present study has been conducted for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites isolated from cats and dogs in Basrah province from November 2018 to January 2019. One hundred fecal samples were collected from cats and dogs. Samples were submitted to the parasite’s lab in college of veterinary medicine of Basrah university. for diagnoses by direct microscopic examination and concentration methods. Gastrointestinal parasites of cat identified in this study were: Toxascaris leonine 58.8%, Toxoplasma gondii 11.7, Isospora spp   11.7%, Entamoeba spp.17.6% , and for dog were Dipylidium caninum 21%, Toxocara canis 10.5%, Isospora canis 36.8%, Cryptosporidium spp. 5.2%, Giardia spp. 10.5%, Entamoeba spp. 5.2% , Ancylostoma caninum 10.5%,

Serratospiculum species was diagnosed in thoracic cavity and air sacs of 15 starlings, with a percentage of 30% out of 50 starling birds examined for the first time in Mosul city/Iraq. Numbers of adult white worms were detected in the thoracic cavity ranging from 3-20 worms with mean intensity was 7.9. Large numbers of embryonated eggs were detected in the impression smears from the respiratory tract and uterus of worms measuring 52.4x25.93 µm with ranging 50-55x25-28.5 µm. These worms were characterized by possessing cuticular orientation, particularly in the anterior end. The female's posterior end is pointy, and her uterus is packed with a huge quantity of eggs. Moreover, the male's posterior end is characterized by the presence of spicules and papillae. At gross examination air saculitis and pneumonia were the most common lesions in infected birds. Histologically, embryonated eggs, adult worms with mild focal hemorrhage, mild myocardial degenerative changes, congestion of blood vessels and focal infiltration of lymphocytes, and plasma cells were diagnosed in the myocardium and lung tissues.