The aim of this research paper were to monitor the presence of source zoonotic bacterial diseases inthe physical tools that used in animal farms. That had a role in the store and the transmission of zoonoticbacterial diseases to farmers and affected their health and the transfer to different farm products. As well,which caused loss of the product and diseases to consumers that may affect farmers' health and animalhealth. That was used principled method for bacterial isolation and identification. It was found bacteria41%; it may cause damage to products from food poisoning to zoonotic bacterial diseases to consumers. Itwas found the Gram-negative 69% and Gram-positive 31%, which were the most resistant bacteria toantibiotics and causes zoonotic bacterial diseases. It was found Staphylococcous Spp. 39% andStreptococcus Spp. 13%. Escherichia coli were 49%; (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebseilla pneumonia,and Campylobacter Spp) were (17, 12 and 11%). (Actinobacter Spp. and Proteus Spp.), were (6 and 3%),Salmonella Spp. was 1%. It indicated the existence of PTs as stores for that may be a source of zoonoticbacterial diseases and may easily transmitted to humans or animal products, causing health and economicdamage. It was concluded that the zoonotic bacterial diseases could be transmitted from physical tools assources that were used in the farm and caused health damage and economic effects. That recommendedpreferring quality physical tools to minimize the health and economic damage to decrease zoonoticbacterial diseases to be not affected animal or human health.

The random uses of androgenic anabolic steroids such as dianabol (Alpha pharma)especially among young people and adolescent could have harmful effects on health.The aim of this study is to investigate the possible harmful effects of oraladministration of dianabol on the histology and hormones levels of the thyroid glandin female rats. The study was carried out in the animal house ( College ofveterinaryMedicine / University of Al-Qasim Green . Twenty four female rats(Rattus rattus ) were divided into 4 groups , three groups were given dianabol orallyat the concentrations of (0.05 , 0.1 , 0.2) mg/kgvrespectively on daily basis for sixweeks , and the fourth group, served as a control group, was injected by (0.9%Nacl).Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) wereestimate, Histological study included the histopathological changes in thyroid glandtissue. The results showed a significant increase (p< 0.05) in the levels of TSH, T4,and T3 compared with the control group .This study also showed changes in thethyroid tissue that included hyperplasia of thyroid follicles, colloid material in mostfollicles, little or no increase in the size of follicles which suggest that increased doseof dianabol leads to pathological (Physiological and histological) changes noticeablein most of the studied criteria.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a highly contagious transboundary disease ofcattle with significant economic burden. Our study is based on a questionnairedesigned to describe the epidemiological features keys of LSD in Basrah and toidentify putative risk factors. The information obtained from this questionnairespecifically included sex, age, vaccination status, clinical signs and the number ofdeath because of LSD in the cattle. This study was conducted from December 2018to May 2019, with a total of 251 cattle owners participated in the interview. Out of251 owners interviewed, 329 of their cattle were infected with LSD (accumulativeincidence estimated at 16.2%). The majority of owners (91.6%) admitted that theydid not segregate the infected animal from the rest of the herds. Respect to animalmanagement and farming system, the semi-intensive system of rearing animals wasthe most common farming system adapted by farmers (70%) while only 30% werekept under intensive system. The majority of the owners 97.2% (244/251) reportedthey were not received any vaccine of LSD. The mortality rate; however, measuredat 2% and the case-fatality rate measured at 11%. The abortion rate among infectedpregnant cows was calculated at 10.5%. The study concluded LSD is newlyemerging disease in Basrah and various preventative measures including restrictionillegal movement of animals, vector control, farm biosecurity and, vaccinationprogram need to be considered to prevent further new incidence cases

Two Hundred and fifty samples of cow's milk from different parts of theprovince of Basrah were collected from clinical and subclinical mastitis reportedusing the California mastitis test between March 2018 and September 2019 andexamined using conventional PCR assay, Candida species was identified in 116/250(46.4%). Based on conventional method and ID - Yst card system Vitek 2, Candidaalbicans was the predominant 60/116 (51.7%), followed by Candida parapsilosis15/116 (12.9%). Concerning the results of PCR amplification of 18S rRNA gene foridentification of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, this gene was present in 60 samplesin C. albicans, and in 15 of C. parapsilosis. Lactobacillus are an industriallyimportant group of probiotic organisms that play an important function in humanhealth through inhibiting dangerous and pathogenic bacteria growth, boostingimmune function, and increasing resistance to infection. Ten out of 250(4%)Lactobacillus isolates were obtained from apparently healthy cow milk samples.Lactobacillus isolates were identified according to phenotypic characterization andmolecular technique using PCR (16S rRNA) and sequencing, it was seen that L.acidophilus formed 5 isolates (50%), L.amylovorus was three (30%), while L.crisaptus formed only two (20%) only. The results of this study revealed that theBLAST analysis at the NCBI gene bank gave 99.39% homology with L. acidophilus,99.19% homology with L.crispatus and 97.59% with L. amylovorus. In vitroantimycotic activity of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus) against C. albicans and C.parapsilosis using agar well diffusion methods was adapted. The cell-free neutralizedsupernatant (CFS) of Lactobacilli (105,106,107) were inhibited the growth ofpathogenic C.albicans and C. parapsilosis. It was also noticed that, L. acidophilusshowed the strongest antifungal activities against pathogenic C. albicans andC.parapsilosis with different degrees of inhibition zones in comparsion with each ofL.crispatus and L. amylovorus, meanwhile, L. amylovorus revealed strongestantifungal activity against pathogenic C.parapsilosis.

Bacterial contamination of table eggs is a serious public health problem around the worlddue to increase the risks of food-borne illness. Disinfection of table eggs is essential to minimizethe possibility egg contamination from shells. In the current study, 100 samples (table eggs)were collected from different supermarkets of Basrah city. Identification and disinfection ofbacteria on shell of table eggs were done in Veterinary Medicine College, Public HealthLaboratory / University of Basrah. Samples were cultured on blood agar, mannitol salt agar,macConkey agar, salmonella-shigella agar, eosin methylene blue agar, and tryptic soy agar todifferentiate different types of bacteria before and after processing with lemon juice depend onits morphology and Gram's staining. The detection of organisms for genus and species were thendone based on biochemical characteristics using VITEK® 2 system. The present study revealedthat the major contaminant of table eggs was with Gram-negative bacteria and the minorcontaminant was with Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria detected on shell of tableeggs (Leuconostoc species and Gemella bergeri) were resistant to lemon juice. However, Gramnegativebacteria identified on shell of table eggs (Cronobacter sakazakii, Raoultellaornithinolytica, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Moraxella group, and Serratiaplymuthica) were sensitive. In conclusion, table eggs collected from supermarkets werecontaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Lemon juice was suitable to be used as an antisepticagent to minimize the contamination of eggshells with Gram-negative bacteria.

Sheep pox is an enzootic disease in Iraq and the regional countries. A huge amount of money eitherspent on vaccines or lost due to the morbidities every year. For unknown reason, sometimes vaccinationis not efficient enough to provide the required protection. We conducted this study to investigate theeffect of the most popular pox vaccine on some physiological parameters, which may reflect anyadverse effect on the body. We used twelve adult ewes, divided into two groups (6/each); the first groupis the control, injected with normal saline (0.9% NaCl) intradermal, whereas the vaccine was injectedsimilarly in the animals of the other group. Blood samples were obtained weekly before and after thetreatment onset. Results revealed that there are changes in blood count parameters, starting from thevaccination time (the second week). Interestingly, RBC count was decreased just after the vaccination,whereas, a significant (p≤ 0.05) decreased in the WBC was also observed, with consequent significantchanges in the differential leukocytes count (DLC), These changes were accompanied with signs of reelevationafter two weeks of vaccination. In conclusion, there are unexpected changes in the RBC countresult from pox vaccination. Furthermore, the developing of immunity starts with a decrease in theWBCs, which needs more than two weeks to restore the normal value.

 Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious viral infection of cattle caused by lumpyskin disease virus (LSDV). This infection has a huge economic impact on the cattle industryas a result of skin damage, inflammation of mammary glands and decrease milk production,reduces reproduction and even death as a consequence of secondary bacterial infection. Iraqis considered as an endemic country by OIE that continues breaking throughout differentparts of the country. The aims of this research work was to detect and molecularcharacterization of LSDV in Duhok province for the first time through using a phylogeneticapproach of P32 and RPO30 genes. The results showed that LSDV was detected andidentified over using PCR and sequencing and the isolate 1 LSDV/Duhok/Kurdistan/2019,isolate 2 LSDV/Duhok/Kurdistan/2019 and isolate 3 LSDV/Duhok/Kurdistan/2019 wereclustered in LSDV lineage for both P32 and RPO30 genes. The phylogenetic analysis ofthese isolates showed a close relationship with the previously published isolates based on P32gene sequences, while this study is the first study to publish genetic information on RPO30gene of the Iraqi isolates and compare them to the other publicly available data sets of othercountries. To sum up, the findings of this paper could be beneficial to illustrate the spreadingnature of LSDV in Iraq and mainly in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Furthermore, offer thetheoretical references for control and prevention of LSDV infections in future. 

The present study has been carried out at the department of physiology, Collegeof Veterinary Medicine of Basrah, to evaluate the role of oil extracted from salviaofficinalis and Thymus vulgaris leaves in some structural and functionalcharacteristics of mature female rats experimentally induced with gastriculcer.Oils of thyme and sage were extracted from dry leaves available in Basrahmarket by normal hexane, oils components have been analyzed in a manner GCMAS (Gas chromatography). Gastric ulcers were induced in starved female rats bygiving indomethacin orally by mouth gavage in a dose 25mg\kg for one day. Theanimals have been divided into seven equal groups(8 females in each group). Thefirst group was received normal saline and served as a negative control. Secondgroup serve as positive group that received only single dose of indomethacin,whereas third group treated with thyme crude oil for two week ,fourth group thattreated with thyme dilution oil for two weeks,fifth group treated with sage crudeoil for two week, sixth group treated with sage dilution oil for two weeks andseventh group treated with cimetidine for two weeks. The blood has been obtainedfor hematological assessment the present results: showed no changed in RBCs ,PCV of female rats groups treated with thyme crude,thyme dilution, sage crudeoil and cimetidine and just group treated with sage dilution caused a significant decrease in RBCs and PCV among treated group. So, the results revealed thatthere is no- changed in WBC in groups treated with thyme crude, thyme dilutionand sage dilution ,whereas showed a decreased in gastric ulcer group, sage crudeand cimetidine group. Also neutrophils existed increase significantly in all treatedgroups compared with control negative group ,whereas no change recorded inthyme dilution and sage crude groups compared with control negative group

In late December, 2019, patients presenting with suspected of viral pneumonitis due toan non-identified microbial agent were reported in Wuhan, China. A novel coronaviruswas subsequently identified as the causative pathogen, provisionally named 2019 novelcoronavirus (2019-nCoV). As of Jan 26, 2020, more than 2000 cases or more of 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed, most of which involved people living in or visitingWuhan, and human-to-human transmission has been confirmed.

The present study has been conducted for detection of Strongyloides papillosusparasite isolated from cattle in Basrah province from November 2018 to June 2019.255 and 300 samples were collected from fecal and serum of bovine, respectively.Samples were collected from slaughterhouse and animals from regions in Basrahprovince. Ten serum samples were from Mosul province. 255 fecal samples submittedto the parasites lab. for routine microscopic examination and 7.54% of thosesamples were detected positive for S.papillosus. Serum samples tested by ELISA (SSIgM) and the results confirmed that 34.7% of samples were infected withS.papillosus. ELISA showed a high infection rate in comparison with microscopicexamination. Also, this study has detected other types of gastrointestinal parasite ofcattle. Parasites identified in this study included: nematode, Toxocara vitulorum(13.2%),Capillaria bovis (1.88 %), Gongylonemia spp. (3.77%) (first report inBasrah city),Oesophagostomum spp.(3.77%), Trichuris spp. (3.77 %),Trichostrongylus spp. (20.75%),Ostertagia spp. (1.88%); Cestoda ,Monieziaexpansa(1.88 %); Protozoan, Eimeria spp. (3.77 %),Balantidium spp. (1.88%),Isospora spp. (1.88%), Giardia lamblia (3.77%), Cryptosporidium spp. (5.66%),Entamoeba histolytica(11.32%) and Trematode , Paramphistomum spp.(7.54%),Fasciola spp. (5.66%).INTRODUCTI